Flåm Line

Flåm Line
Flåm Line
	A train on the Flåm railway
Overview
Owner	Norwegian National Rail Administration
Termini	Myrdal; Flåm;
Stations	11
Service
Type	Railway
System	Norwegian railway
Operator(s)	Flåm Utvikling AS
Rolling stock	El 17
History
Opened	1940
Technical
Line length	20 kilometres (12 mi)
Character	Tourist line
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Highest elevation	866 m asl
Route map
Route map
v; t; e;
	Legend

The Flåm Line (Norwegian: Flåmsbana) is a branch line of the Bergen Line which runs between Myrdal and Flåm in Aurland, Norway. Because of the line's steep incline and scenery, it is a major tourist attraction.

History

The Flåm Line was built in order to provide a line of communication between Sognefjorden and the main railway. The resolution to make such a line was passed in Stortinget in 1908 and the route was decided in 1916. The route chosen was a difficult one. Construction on the line started in 1923 but the construction was not complete before 1947, although trains started operating on it a few years earlier. Eighteen of the twenty tunnels were dug out manually.

The line was opened in 1940, but passenger traffic did not start until 1941. The line was electrified in 1944. Since the line was completed during World War II, the line was not "officially" opened then, and the official opening was in fact not till 1980. The operation of the line was privatized in 1998 (actually transferred to a municipality owned company), though the line itself is still owned by the state through Norwegian National Rail Administration.

Line description

The single track line is 20.2 km long. The top station Myrdal is 865 metres above sea level, while Flåm is by the fjord at sea level. In order to manage the climb up the mountainside, the line twists and turns and has twenty tunnels to gain altitude; even so, the steepest incline of the railway is 1:18, the third steepest adhesion railway in the world. The line has one horseshoe curve (a full 180 degree turn) in Vatnahalsen tunnel as well as one horseshoe curve in open air at Reinunga to gain altitude.^[1]^[2]^[3] There is a crossing (passing) loop at Berekvam station to allow trains going up and down at the same time. Like most of the other operational railway lines in Norway, Flåmsbana is a standard gauge (1435 mm) railway and electrified.

Stations

Myrdal (866 metres above sea level)
Vatnahalsen (811 metres above sea level)
Reinunga (768 metres above sea level)
Kjosfoss (669 metres above sea level) Trains stop at this station during the summer to let passengers get off the train to admire the Kjosfoss waterfall. There is no access to the station apart from the train itself.
Kårdal (556 metres above sea level)
Blomheller (450 metres above sea level)
Berekvam (345 metres above sea level), crossing loop.
Dalsbotn (200 metres above sea level)
Håreina (48 metres above sea level)
Lunden (16 metres above sea level)
Flåm (2 metres above sea level)

Operations

Flåmsbana trains are operated by Norges Statsbaner, but management, ticket sales, risk and marketing is managed by Flåm Utvikling, which is owned by the local tourist industry and the local authorities. The rolling stock, with a dark green livery, consists of El17 locomotives which operate push-pull trains of old B3 carriages from the 1960s with rebuilt interiors to give a higher passenger density.

Service is provided throughout the year, but much more frequently in the summer months. During high season, there are typically two trainsets in operation allowing hourly departures from upper and lower end stations. Freight traffic on the line is virtually non-existent, but passenger numbers are at over 500,000 per year, and the figure for 2007 was 582,000 passengers, a new record for the line.^[4] Flåm Line is currently (2008) the third most visited tourist attraction in Norway.^[5]

There are still passenger boat connections on the Sognefjorden, mostly for tourist purposes. In 1992 the Gudvanga Tunnel (11 km) opened and in 2000 the Lærdal Tunnel (24 km, longest road tunnel in the world) opened. Since then there is no need for car ferries or passenger boats except for tourists.

References

^ Flåm line museum web site [1]
^ Norwegian National Rail Administration [2]
^ Flåm line web site [3]
^ Sogn avis [4]
^ Asker og Bærum budstikke [5]

External links

Flåmsbana AS official website

[1] Flåm line museum web site [1]

[2] Norwegian National Rail Administration [2]

[3] Flåm line web site [3]

[4] Sogn avis [4]

[5] Asker og Bærum budstikke [5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e Railway lines in Norway
Mainline	Alna Arendal Asker Bergen Bratsberg Brevik Dovre Drammen Eastern Østfold Flåm Follo Gardermoen Gjøvik Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Kongsvinger Loenga–Alnabru Meråker Nordland Ofoten Østfold Randsfjorden Rauma Roa–Hønefoss Røros Skøyen–Filipstad Solør Sørlandet Spikkestad Stavne–Leangen Tinnoset Trunk Vestfold
Urban	Bergen Light Rail Briskeby Ekeberg Common Tunnel Fløibanen Frogner Furuset Gamlebyen Gråkallen Grorud Grünerløkka–Torshov Holmenkollen Kjelsås Kolsås Lambertseter Lilleaker Løren Østensjø Ring Røa Sinsen Skøyen Sognsvann Ullevål Hageby Vika
Proposed	Arctic Fornebu Grenland Hurum Northern Norway Polar Ringerike
Heritage	Krøderen Old Voss Rjukan Setesdal Thamshavn Urskog–Høland
Merged	Dunderland Hell–Sunnan Jæren Trondhjem–Støren Voss
Closed	Ålgård Elgeseter Flekkefjord Grimstad Hafslund Hardanger Hauerseter–Gardermoen Holmestrand–Hvittingfoss Horten Ila Kampen Korsvoll Kragerø Lade Lier Lillesand–Flaksvand Namsos Nesttun–Os Numedal Oslo Port Rodeløkka Røykenvik Sagene Setesdal Simensbråten Singsaker Skreia Solbergfoss Sperillen Sulitjelma Tønsberg–Eidsfoss Valdres Vålerenga Vestbanen Vestmarka Vippetangen
Types	Electric High-speed Narrow-gauge Private