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German submarine U-9 (1935)

Coordinates: 44°12′N 28°41′E / 44.200°N 28.683°E / 44.200; 28.683
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For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-9.
U-9 in 1936, note the submarine's number on the hull which was painted out in wartime
History
Nazi Germany
NameU-9
Ordered20 July 1934
Builder
Yard number543
Laid down8 April 1935
Launched30 July 1935
Commissioned21 August 1935
FateSunk 20 August 1944 at Constanța, Romania, in a Soviet air raid
General characteristics
Class and typeIIB coastal submarine
Displacement
  • 279 t (275 long tons) surfaced
  • 328 t (323 long tons) submerged
Length
Beam
  • 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a)
  • 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull)
Height8.60 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught3.90 m (12 ft 10 in)
Installed power
  • 700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) (diesels)
  • 410 PS (300 kW; 400 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Range
  • 1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced
  • 35–43 nmi (65–80 km; 40–49 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth80 m (260 ft)
Complement3 officers, 22 men
Armament
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 13 068
Commanders:
  • K.Kapt. Hans-Günther Looff
  • Kptlt. Werner von Schmidt
  • Kptlt. Ludwig Mathes
  • Oblt.z.S. Max-Martin Schulte
  • Oblt.z.S. Wolfgang Lüth
  • Oblt.z.S. Wolfgang Kaufmann
  • Oblt.z.S. Joachim Deecke
  • Kptlt. Hans-Joachim Schmidt-Weichert
  • Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Klapdor
  • Oblt.z.S. Martin Landt-Hayen
  • Kptlt. Klaus Petersen
Operations: 19
Victories:
  • Seven ships sunk for a total of 16,669 GRT
  • One warship of 552 tons sunk
  • One warship of 412 tons damaged

German submarine U-9 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Her keel was laid down on 8 February 1935, by Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 543. She was launched on 30 July 1935 and commissioned on 21 August, with Korvettenkapitän Hans-Günther Looff in command.

U-9 conducted 19 patrols under a series of commanders, including U-boat ace Wolfgang Lüth, sinking eight ships totalling 17,221 gross register tons (GRT) and damaging another displacing 412 tons. This included the French Sirène class coastal submarine Doris.

Design

German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-9 had a displacement of 279 tonnes (275 long tons) when at the surface and 328 tonnes (323 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (250 t), however.[1] The U-boat had a total length of 42.70 m (140 ft 1 in), a pressure hull length of 28.20 m (92 ft 6 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in), and a draught of 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 460 metric horsepower (340 kW; 450 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).[1]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph).[1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 35–42 nautical miles (65–78 km; 40–48 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-9 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of twenty.[1]

Service history

U-9 was ordered on 20 July 1934, i.e. in violation of the Versailles Treaty, which denied Germany possession of submarines. The U-boat was not laid down until 11 March 1935, and launched on 29 June 1935, within weeks of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, which granted Germany parity with the British Empire in submarines.

Fate

To serve in the 30th U-boat Flotilla, the submarine was transported in sections along the Danube to the Romanian port of Galați. She was then re-assembled by the Romanians at the Galați shipyard and sent to the Black Sea.[2] At 10:30 on 20 August 1944, at Constanţa in Romania in position 44°12′N 28°41′E / 44.200°N 28.683°E / 44.200; 28.683, U-9 was sunk by bombs from Soviet aircraft. The Soviets raised the boat and brought her into Mykolaiv in 1945. She was repaired and commissioned into the Soviet Navy as TS-16, but did not perform well and was broken up on 12 December 1946.

Ships attacked

Date Name Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Fate[3]
18 January 1940 Flandria  Sweden 1,179 Sunk
19 January 1940 Patria  Sweden 1,188 Sunk
11 February 1940 Linda  Estonia 1,213 Sunk
20 April 1940 ORP Błyskawica  Polish Navy 1,975 torpedo misfired, ship survived
4 May 1940 San Tiburcio  United Kingdom 5,995 Sunk (mine)
9 May 1940 Doris  French Navy 552 Sunk
11 May 1940 Tringa  United Kingdom 1,930 Sunk
11 May 1940 Viiu  Estonia 1,908 Sunk
23 May 1940 Sigurd Faulbaum  Belgium 3,256 Sunk
11 May 1944 Shtorm  Soviet Union 412 Damaged

References

Notes

  1. ^ Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 39–40.
  2. ^ Steel and Ice: The U-boat Battle in the Arctic and Black Sea 1941-45, Chapter 5 - The Black Sea: War in the South 1942-43, 5th page
  3. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-9". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 29 December 2014.

Bibliography

  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |last-author-amp= (help)
  • Neistlé, Axel (2014). German U-Boat Losses during World War II: Details of Destruction (2 ed.). Havertown: Frontline Books (published 30 June 2014). {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sharpe, Peter (1998). U-Boat Fact File. Great Britain: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-072-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IIB boat U-9". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  • Hofmann, Markus. "U 9". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 18 December 2015.

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