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God is our refuge

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God is our Refuge
Motet by W. A. Mozart
Manuscript housed in the British Library
CatalogueK. 20
TextPsalm 46
LanguageEnglish
Composed1765 (1765): London
Scoringfour voices

“God is our Refuge”, K. 20, is a motet for four voices in G minor, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Based on Psalm 46, it was composed in July 1765 during the Mozarts’ stay in London as a gift for the British Museum along with one other supposed work: a set of variations in A major, K. 21a. A brief note from a secretary at the British Museum regarding the two works still survives:

“Sir: I am ordered by the Standing Committee of the Trustees of the British Museum, to signify to You, that they have received the present of the musical performances of your very ingenious Son which you were pleased lately to make them, and to return You their Thanks for the same.”[1]

Score

The 23 bar work is scored for four-voices: soprano, alto, tenor and bass, and is written in 3/2 time

Lyrics

God is our refuge,
our refuge and strength,
a very present help in trouble,
a present help in trouble.

Influence

As the manuscript for this work is still intact, one can find two separate, distinct handwritings: one, which was Wolfgang’s, and the other, as Leopold’s. It can be seen that Wolfgang most likely wrote the tempo markings, key signatures and clefs, as well as all of the notes. Leopold was suspected to have a hand in the written words after bar seven, as the young Wolfgang seemingly had trouble judging the amount of space necessary to fit in the written text (as can be seen by the wave pattern of the bar lines near measure 7).[1]

The work was possibly based on a given melody at the time of composition; perhaps stemming from a composition written in 1765 of similar character by Jonathan Battishill. “God is our Refuge” shows many stylistic similarities to that of 16th century English church music, which Mozart was undoubtedly exposed to whilst traveling London at the time.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Abert, Hermann, Stewart Spencer, and Cliff Eisen. W.A. Mozart (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007), p.44-45. ISBN 9780300072235
  2. ^ Zaslaw, Neal. The Compleat Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. New York: Mozart Bicentennial at Lincoln Center: 1990. p.22. Print.
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