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Gorilla Grodd

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Gorilla Grodd
Gorilla Grodd
Publication information
PublisherDC Comics
First appearanceThe Flash #106 (May 1959)
Created byJohn Broome (writer)
Carmine Infantino (artist)
In-story information
Alter egoGrodd
SpeciesGorilla
Team affiliations
Notable aliasesDrew Drowden, William Dawson (when in human forms)
AbilitiesGenius-level intellect
Superhuman physical attributes, and vast psionic powers

Gorilla Grodd is a fictional supervillain appearing in DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of The Flash.

Publication history

He debuted in Flash v.1 #106 (April–May 1959), and was created by writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino.[1]

Fictional character biography

Gorilla Grodd is a hyper-intelligent telepathic gorilla able to control the minds of others. He was an average ape until an alien spacecraft (retconned from a radioactive meteor, which also empowered Hector Hammond) crashed in his African home. Grodd and his troupe were imbued with super intelligence by the ship's pilot. Grodd and fellow gorilla Solovar also developed telepathic and telekinetic powers. Led by the alien, the gorillas constructed the super-advanced Gorilla City. The gorillas lived in peace until their home was discovered by explorers. Grodd forced one of the explorers to kill the alien and took over Gorilla City, planning to conquer the world next. Solovar telepathically contacted Barry Allen to warn him of the evil gorilla's plans, and Grodd was defeated. The villain manages to return again and again to plague the Flash and his allies.[1]

In his first Pre-Crisis appearance he met the Flash while searching for Solovar, who had been imprisoned, during a trip to the human world. Grodd probed Solovar's mind to find the secret of mind control so he could control Gorilla City using the inhabitants to take over the world. Solovar breaks out of his cage and tells the Flash. The Flash defeats Grodd and temporarily knocks the power of mind control from him. Using his restored power; he overcomes his guard taking over an underground winged race, attempted to use a machine to eliminate the intelligence of the other gorillas. Flash finds out from Solovar where Grodd has escaped and destroys the machine. The winged people are freed of his control. Grodd is imprisoned again. Heavily guarded, Grodd summons a burrowing machine which he uses to escape. Grodd transformed himself human and started a factory to create a pill that will give him vast mental powers. After easily stopping the Flash, Grodd unexpectedly turns into a gorilla again, where his brain is no longer evolved enough for his powers to work. He tries to get to the machine that turned him human, but Flash molds handcuffs for Grodd and takes him back to Gorilla City. Grodd devises a means of transporting his mind to another body while his original one dies, taking over a man in Central City, and is again arrested. Later he instigates the Flash's Rogues Gallery, breaking them out of jail to distract the Flash after transferring his mind to that of 'Freddy', a gorilla in a zoo. Thanks to Solovar, the Flash learned of Grodd's escape. Ironically, Grodd, despite using radiation to stop the Flash moving at super speed, is defeated by the gorilla's mate when she hears him mention another gorilla. He and Freddy are restored to their normal bodies.

In a confrontation with Wally West, Grodd increases the brain power of most of the animals in Central City. He hopes to endanger the lives of all the humans, but this plan backfires because some of the pets are too loyal to their humans. Grodd's plans are defeated by the Flash, assisted by the Pied Piper, Vixen, and Rex the Wonder Dog.

Immortal villain Vandal Savage kidnaps Titans member Omen using her to form the perfect team of adversaries for the Teen Titans. Savage approaches Grodd, offering him membership in this new anti-Titans group, Tartarus. Savage offers promises of power and immortality. Grodd joins Tartarus on their mission to synthesize the immortal blood of the H.I.V.E. Mistress, Addie Kane. Savage seeks to create a serum that will grant immortality. Their schemes are thwarted when the Titans intervene. Tempest later leads a rescue mission to save Omen from Savage. During the rescue attempt, Tartarus collapses upon itself due to each member having a different agenda, because Omen had purposely chosen members who would not work well together. When Siren switches alliances during the battle and aids Tempest in escaping, the Tartarus members go their separate ways.

Grodd has made no fewer than eighteen attempts to eliminate all traces of humanity from the face of the earth. In Son of Ambush Bug #5 (November 1986). He traveled to the Late Cretaceous "to wipe out all traces of human evolution from the time stream" (despite the fact that, at this point in time, the ancestors of humanity would be his own ancestors as well). His plans are shattered by the sudden appearance of Titano and Ambush Bug waking from a nightmare. Whether or not Grodd's plan is a failure is disputable.

In the final issue of Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew, Grodd travels to Earth-C in an attempt to conquer it, but is defeated by the efforts of the Zoo Crew (plus Changeling of the Teen Titans).[2]

In the 1991 Angel and the Ape limited series, Grodd is revealed as the grandfather of Angel's partner, Sam Simeon. This is in conflict with Martian Manhunter Annual #2 (1999), which states that Sam Simeon is Grodd’s brother.

In the Justice League of America Wedding Special, Gorilla Grodd is among the villains seen as members of the Injustice League Unlimited.

During the Final Night, Grodd attempted to use a mystical talisman called the Heart of Darkness (normally effective only in eclipses) that brought out the 'inner beast' of humans, turning the population of the town of Leesburg into feral monsters, including Supergirl. However, Supergirl was eventually able to fight off Grodd's influence, allowing her to oppose Grodd until the sun was restored. Grodd is assumed killed when an icicle fell into him.

One of Grodd’s widest ranging schemes was to arrange Solovar's assassination and manipulate Gorilla City into war against humanity, with the aid of a "shadow cabinet" of prominent gorillas called Simian Scarlet. In the course of this, Grodd absorbs too much neural energy from his fellow apes, leaving him with the intelligence of a normal gorilla.[3] He has since recovered, and a failed attempt to set up a base in Florida leads to his capture and incarceration in Iron Heights.

Grodd had been trapped inside the human body of an overweight street bum. He was attacked by a gang known as the Vultures. One of them commented on how their member Iggo had the strength of a gorilla, which reminded Grodd of his true form. Suddenly changing back to his original shape and size, he quickly defeated the gang, making them believe that they are burning in molten lava by using his telepathic abilities. Reading the minds of the crooks, he saw that one of the former members of their gang was a friend of the Flash, and a plan began to form in his mind.

Grodd found another space rock, identical to the one that had given him his powers, and contacted Hector Hammond, a human who had also gained similar powers. Grodd was able to take control of Gorilla City after increasing his evolution, but was defeated once more.

Grodd is also seen in the Superman/Batman arc "Public Enemies" (Superman/Batman #1 – #7) controlling numerous villains and heroes in order to take down Superman and Batman for the prize of one billion dollars offered by then U.S. President Lex Luthor. Despite his use of foes such as Mongul, Solomon Grundy, Lady Shiva, and Nightshade, Batman is able to deduce the mind behind the attacks and they quickly dispose of Grodd.

He is responsible for crippling the Flash's friend Hunter Zolomon, resulting in his transformation into the villainous Zoom when Hunter tries to change the event so it never happened. Hunter would often think about how Grodd used him as a plaything in that fight while talking it over with the Flash.[4]

In Birds of Prey #23, Grodd makes a deal with Grimm to get Blockbuster an ape heart.[5]

In JLA Classified #1-3, DC, 3-issue story arc, 2004, Grodd and his forces attack the Ultramarine Corps. Grodd has most of the citizens they are protecting killed. He personally eats some of the humans. During the course of this incident, Beryl informs the team that Grodd ranks number three on the latest "Global Most Wanted".

In the Salvation Run mini-series, Grodd teams up with the Joker to gather their own faction of the exiled supervillains.[6] He kills Monsieur Mallah and the Brain, and was knocked off a cliff by the Joker.[7] He is seen alive and attempting to deliver payback to the Joker.[8]

In Justice League of America #21, Grodd is shown among the members of Libra's new Secret Society and placed in the Inner Circle. In Final Crisis storyline, Gorilla Grodd was among the high ranked superheroes and supervillains that were turned into Justifiers.[9] He is sent to apprehend Snapper Carr and Cheetah, but fails.[10]

The New 52

In the new continuity of The New 52 (a reboot of the DC Comics universe), the Flash (Barry Allen) first encounters Gorilla Grodd after a trip through the Speed Force which strands him in Gorilla City.[11] The Flash is hailed as a messenger spoken of in gorilla prophecy by all but Grodd, the newly crowned gorilla king. The Flash foils Grodd's attempts to kill him until Grodd causes a building to collapse upon himself, knocking him unconscious, allowing the Flash to escape.[12][13] Grodd returns and attacks Central City with an army of gorilla soldiers.[14]

During the "Forever Evil" storyline, Gorilla Grodd returns to Central City during a ceremony commemorating Flash between the humans and gorillas at the time when Ultraman had caused an eclipse. Gorilla Grodd proceeds to take control of Central City as its king and renames it Gorilla City.[15]

Powers and abilities

Grodd's psionic abilities allow him to place other beings under his mental control. Grodd can also project telekinetic force beams, telekinetically transmute matter, and transfer his consciousness into other bodies. In recent issues he has shown the ability to absorb intelligence through the consumption of human brains. He possesses great superhuman strength far exceeding that of an ordinary gorilla. He is a scientific genius who has mastered Gorilla City's advanced technology and who has created many incredible inventions of his own. He also uses big laser guns.[1][16] His thought process still operates at a relatively human rate of speed; the Flashes have shown some degree of immunity to his telepathic illusions by moving so fast that their thoughts process Grodd's illusions in slow motion. In one story, Grodd gains vast telekinetic powers from a pill he develops after evolving himself into a human, enabling him to control the forces of nature such as lifting thousands of tons mentally. But after he turns back, he loses this power as his brain is not evolved enough. He was able to engage Kalibak in hand-to-hand combat but was visibly not quite as strong as Kalibak.[volume & issue needed]

Other versions

Antimatter Universe

Gorilla Grodd has a counterpart on the post-Crisis antimatter universe's Earth called General Grodd who is a member of the Justice Underground. He is a freedom fighter from a militaristic ape nation.[17]

Flashpoint

In the Flashpoint timeline, Gorilla Grodd has succeeded in overthrowing Solovar and taken over Gorilla City. Gorilla Grodd began a campaign to control all of Africa. Despite his conquest being a great success, Gorilla Grodd feels unfulfilled since none of his enemies have been able to prove a challenge to him and the war between Aquaman and Wonder Woman has overshadowed his actions, constantly frustrating him. He soon begins to feel bored by his accomplishments since they prove far too easy for him and often lets his enemies live, hoping for them to become greater challenges in the future. He also decides to begin a campaign to control Europe, knowing perfectly well that this action will make him a target for the Atlanteans and Amazons.[18] Gorilla Grodd arrives at the scene to attack during the Atlantean/Amazon war.[19]

Injustice: Gods Among Us

Gorilla Grodd makes a brief appearance in Injustice: Gods Among Us comic, during the Justice League's manhunt for Mirror Master comic, Grodd is one of the villains interrogated by Shazam.[volume & issue needed]

In other media

Television

  • Gorilla Grodd appeared on the ABC animated series Challenge of the Super Friends, voiced by Stanley Ralph Ross. He is one of the Flash's two villains (along with Captain Cold) that appear as members of Lex Luthor's Legion of Doom. It should be noted that this version, though highly intelligent, never displays telepathic abilities. In "The Time Trap", he creates a method of time travel, which the Legion of Doom apparently uses other times. In "Revenge on Gorilla City", Grodd hatches a plot to take control of Gorilla City and use its citizens to conquer the world.
  • Gorilla Grodd later appeared in the Super Friends, again voiced by Stanley Ralph Ross. In the short episode "Two Gleeks Are Deadlier Than One", he and Giganta capture Gleek and replace him with a robot duplicate in order to infiltrate the Super Friends and learn what they are planning. In "Revenge of Doom", Grodd was seen with the Legion of Doom when they got back together.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by John DiMaggio. In the episode "Terror on Dinosaur Island!", he and his ape followers plotted to devolve the human race with an E-Ray from their headquarters on Dinosaur Island. They ran into conflicts with Batman and Plastic Man. With Batman devolved to an ape, Plastic Man helps the ape Batman fight Grodd and his servants. When the E-Ray is activated, it evolved the humans (Batman put the E-Ray on reverse when Grodd was not looking) back to their natural state. It even evolved Grodd to a human who ended up incarcerated at Iron Heights in the end, planning his revenge. He was later shown in "Day of the Dark Knight" escaping Iron Heights (still in human form) and attempting to attack Batman, but stopped by Green Arrow. Gorilla Grodd has a heroic counterpart in a parallel universe in "Deep Cover for Batman!" (which resembles Solovar). Batman almost punches the counterpart but stops short and explains "You look like someone I know". The original Grodd (now a gorilla again) joins Owlman, the Joker and other villains in "Game Over for Owlman!". Grodd and the Question are caught by Equinox in the teaser for "Mystery in Space". Batman rescues Question, but leaves Grodd hanging by the flames. He also makes a small appearance in "Legends of the Dark-Mite". He is summoned by Bat-Mite to prove Batman's mettle in combat, but apparently was reading. He is quickly replaced by Solomon Grundy. Later, when Bat-Mite decides to assume the role of Batman himself, Batman talks Bat-Mite through an encounter with Grodd disposing of by slipping on a banana peel. Grodd is Batman's primary opponent once more in the episode "Last Bat on Earth" in which he travels to a post-apocalyptic future. There, he takes command of an army of intelligent apes and uses superior technology to defeat their opponents, a city of similarly-evolved tigers (It is revealed that Grodd takes great offense to people calling him a monkey or a chimpanzee). Batman pursues Grodd to this time, where he enlists Kamandi's help in defeating Grodd. At the end, Grodd is trampled by his retreating forces, and is taken back to the present in handcuffs with Batman. Grodd later appears in the episode "Mayhem of the Music Meister" attempting to steal a new communications satellite alongside Clock King and Black Manta. They are confronted by Green Arrow, Aquaman, and Black Canary, but are forced to sing and dance due to the Music Meister's harmonious hypnotics. They are later saved and defeated once freed from the Music Meister's control, and are sent to Arkham Asylum, where they later participate in the Drives Us Bats song, where it is revealed that he has a tire swing in his cell. Grodd appears briefly in the episode "Sidekicks Assemble" as a holographic opponent for Robin, Speedy and Aqualad to fight. Grodd returns as the primary adversary of Batman, Detective Chimp, B'wana Beast and Vixen in the episode "Gorillas in Our Midst", forming an alliance with Monsieur Mallah and Gorilla Boss to create an ape army called G.A.S.P. (Gorillas and Apes Seizing Power) to take over the world. Gorilla Grodd captures an undercover Detective Chimp in their lair, and later captures Batman, revealing both a ploy to capture Gotham City and an obsession with Batman in the form of a utility belt, proclaiming he has had it for years, he just simply has not worn it. He and his gorilla army later invade Gotham and face off against B'wana Beast and Vixen, who his gorilla army captures and places in a zoo. They later recapture Batman and Detective Chimp when they return to Gotham and attempt to rescue Gotham, but was defeated when they use B'wana Beast's powers to both escape and to empower Batman with the form of a Bat-Griffin. He has a quick non-speaking appearance in "Requiem for a Scarlet Speedster". Batman and the Flash team up to take him down, indicating that Grodd was mainly an adversary for Flash before the latter's disappearance. Later, he appears in the last episode "Mitefall" to transform people into bananas and eat them. He is defeated by Batman and Aquaman.
Grodd in The CW television series The Flash
  • Gorilla Grodd appears on The CW's The Flash, voiced by David Sobolov while the motion capture was provided by Simon Burnett (albeit uncredited). As seen in season one, he was a test subject for General Wade Eiling's experiments in developing psychic abilities for interrogation, under the supervision of S.T.A.R. Labs. But when Eiling began torturing Grodd, Eobard Thawne (disguised as Harrison Wells) ended the experiments and planned to use the gorilla for his own ends. Five years later, Grodd was exposed to the energies from the particle accelerator explosion and escaped S.T.A.R. Labs; the pilot episode shows his cage being ripped open.[20] Taking refuge in Central City's sewers, Grodd's size increases and he develops psychic abilities in "Crazy for You", and Grodd has his chance for revenge in "Fallout" when the Reverse-Flash brings Eiling into the sewers for the gorilla to drag away. Grodd makes his official debut in "Grodd Lives". Thawne uses Grodd as a distraction against the S.T.A.R. Labs team, with the gorilla using Eiling to steal gold. During the robberies, the Flash experiences mental hallucinations caused by Grodd's telepathy. The team capture Eiling with Grodd speaking through his brainwashed captive to reveal himself. The team believes that finding Grodd could lead to Reverse-Flash. Flash, Joe West and Cisco Ramon go into the sewers and discover through writings on the walls that Grodd is evolving and becoming smarter. Grodd uses his powers to knock Flash out and kidnap Joe. He uses his powers to make Joe point a gun at himself, but doesn't fire it while showing how he dislikes guns and bananas. The team creates a headpiece to block out Grodd's mind attacks as Flash attempts a supersonic punch. Grodd, however, is able to block Flash's attack with his superior physical ability. When the headpiece becomes damaged, Grodd uses his mind powers on Flash again, but Flash is able to overcome it thanks to Iris West. Grodd leaps at Flash - who dodges the attack - and he gets hit by a train. At the end of the episode, Grodd is seen climbing a building, showing that he is alive and only getting stronger. Grodd reappears in season two. In "Gorilla Warfare", Grodd mind-controls scientists to steal various chemicals in the hopes of creating more gorillas with his level of intelligence. He later kidnaps Caitlin Snow to help with his plan. The S.T.A.R. Labs team has Harry Wells (dressed as Reverse-Flash) trick Grodd into thinking that his "father" is still alive. The plan works long enough for Wells to rescue Caitlin. After Flash is fully recovered from a fight against Zoom, the S.T.A.R. Labs team lure Grodd to one of the dimensional breaches and send him to a jungle sanctuary for gorillas that have been experimented on in Earth-2.

DC animated universe

Gorilla Grodd as seen in Justice League.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears in Justice League, voiced by Powers Boothe. This version hates bananas and resents being offered them. In his first appearance, season one's "The Brave and the Bold", he is a fugitive from the secretive Gorilla City, a spurned would-be tyrant who vows vengeance on his fellow primates. Maintaining an e-mail relationship with scientist Dr. Sarah Corwin (voiced by Virginia Madsen), he comes to Central City to cloak the metropolis in a similar shield as Gorilla City's. This provides him a hidden base from which to launch a nuclear assault against Gorilla City, while he controls Central City's populace with his mind-control helmet. The Flash, Green Lantern and Solovar (re-imagined as Gorilla City's head of security) rush to defeat Grodd himself while the Justice League stop the bombs. Grodd becomes incapacitated when he tries to use the mind-control helmet on Flash, not knowing that Flash had switched around various wires at high speed. Later in Gorilla City, Grodd is shown in a zoo-like prison cell, appearing as though he were brain damaged. As the League and Solovar depart from the area, the camera zooms in on Grodd's face in the last few seconds of the episode as he comes to his senses and gets an angry look on his face. Grodd's return in season two's "Secret Society" showcases a different side of the villain. No longer focused on Gorilla City, Grodd becomes an opponent to the Justice League as a whole. With his loyal follower Giganta, he recruits for a Secret Society manipulating each member; Parasite's hatred for Superman, Shade being offered by Grodd to become a master criminal, Sinestro's hatred for all Green Lanterns, Killer Frost's simply enjoyment of murder, and Clayface being promised by Grodd to find a way to be human again. Revealed in this episode is that Grodd's accident with his mind-control helmet has given him mental powers, which he utilizes in this story as a subtle type of tampering with the League's emotions. Having watched the League via secret cameras for weeks, Grodd manipulates their feelings until the Leaguers start lashing out at each other and end up walking away from the team. Having separated them, Grodd tries to capture each Leaguer and invades a football halftime show to try to do away with the heroes publicly, but was foiled when J'onn J'onzz frees his teammates after. Grodd's allies battle the League one last time but fails to beat them, and Grodd is subsequently defeated by Superman.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced again by Powers Boothe. In the first season episode "Ultimen", Giganta teams up with Bizzaro in an attempt to break Grodd out of prison, but was defeated by Wonder Woman and Long Shadow; Grodd does not actually appear in the episode. In the second season, Grodd turns up as the leader of an expended Secret Society, a sort of co-op for supervillains with each free to act on their own, but able to call in help should they need it against the expanded Justice League (for twenty-five percent of their spoils). After having the Secret Society seek out various valuable artifacts over the course of the season, Grodd reveals his master plan: to turn every human on the planet into an ape. The plan however is thwarted by the League. An unimpressed Lex Luthor usurps Grodd's position as the Secret Society's new leader due to reclaiming his own god-like power when merged with Brainiac. Luthor keeps Grodd prisoner in the Secret Society's headquarters in the hopes that he will reveal how to reconstitute Brainiac from the living supercomputer's last remaining fragment. When Lex attempts to probe Grodd's mind, bad fortune leads to Lex switching minds with the Flash due a psychic resonance between Grodd and Flash. When Luthor has the headquarters refit for space travel, promising the Secret Society a place of leadership in the new order with himself as absolute ruler, the spurned Tala eventually releases Grodd, arranging a mutiny with many other villains. Grodd and Luthor eventually finally find themselves alone together and engage in fisticuffs. Grodd attempts to use his mind-control ability on Lex. However, Luthor had anticipated this and turns Grodd's own power back on him, giving Luthor control of Grodd. After first humiliating Grodd, Luthor forces him to step into an airlock. Grodd is released from Luthor's mental grip and then shot into space.

Film

Video games

  • Gorilla Grodd is featured in the video game Justice League Heroes, voiced by Neil Kaplan. A robot double of Brainiac frees Gorilla Grodd from his prison so he can take revenge on Gorilla City for imprisoning him.
  • Gorilla Grodd is the first boss in the game Justice League Heroes: The Flash. He attempts to take over Keystone City with cyber-gorillas and other robots provided by Brainiac, but is stopped by the Flash.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold – The Videogame as one of the villains, with John DiMaggio reprising his role.
  • Gorilla Grodd makes an appearance in DC Universe Online, voiced by Jens Anderson. He appears as a boss in one of the many solo instances. When the players have defeated Ultra-Humanite on Gorilla Island, Grodd is shown watching the outcome from his base where he states that Ultra-Humanite is no true ape. In the hero campaign, the players infiltrate Grodd's lab in order to rescue Flash. After the player and Flash defeat Grodd he escapes. In the villain campaign, the players help Grodd fight the Flash and the original Flash during a raid at S.T.A.R. Labs. He is supported by Gorilla Brigadiers, Gorilla Grenadiers, Gorilla Lieutenants, Gorilla Marksmen, Gorilla Scouts, Gorilla Smashers, Gorilla Soldiers, Gorilla Technicians, Gorilla Troopers, Grodd's Pounders, and Captain Shortly.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced by Travis Willingham. He is available through downloadable content.
  • Gorilla Grodd makes a cameo appearance in Injustice: Gods Among Us. He is an interactive character in Stryker's Island, and also appears as a support card in the iOS App.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Ike Amadi in a British accent. He is found by the player in Odym and has two quests. In the first one, he requires the player to help him create a "Banana Cannon" by giving him a banana because he "cannot work on a empty stomach". In the second quest, Grodd requires the player to defeat Giganta (his former girlfriend) with his "Banana Cannon".

Miscellaneous

  • Gorilla Grodd appears in the direct-to-video DC Super Friends: The Joker's Playhouse (2010) voiced by Phil LaMarr.
  • Gorilla Grodd appeared in issue #18 of the comic book tie-in to Young Justice. This version is a Kobra venom-enhanced gorilla that was experimented upon by Brain and Ultra-Humanite where his strength and intelligence were enhanced.
  • Gorilla Grodd appears in the web series DC Super Hero Girls as the vice-principal of Super Hero High, with John DiMaggio reprising his role.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Beatty, Scott (2008), "Gorilla Grodd", in Dougall, Alastair (ed.), The DC Comics Encyclopedia, New York: Dorling Kindersley, p. 141, ISBN 0-7566-4119-5, OCLC 213309017
  2. ^ Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew #20, November 1983
  3. ^ Martian Manhunter Annual #2, 1999
  4. ^ Flash vol. 2, #193 (February 2003)
  5. ^ Birds of Prey #23
  6. ^ Salvation Run #3 (March 2008)
  7. ^ Salvation Run #4 (April 2008)
  8. ^ Salvation Run #7 (July 2008)
  9. ^ Final Crisis #4
  10. ^ Final Crisis: Resist one-shot
  11. ^ The Flash (vol. 4) #8 (April 2012)
  12. ^ The Flash (vol. 4) #9 (May 2012)
  13. ^ The Flash (vol. 4) #10 (June 2012)
  14. ^ Flash Annual (vol. 4) #1
  15. ^ Flash Vol. 4 #23.1
  16. ^ "DCU | Heroes and Villains". Dccomics.com. 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
  17. ^ JLA Secret Files 2004
  18. ^ Flashpoint: Grodd of War one-shot (June 2011)
  19. ^ Flashpoint #5 (August 2011)
  20. ^ The Flash (2014) S01E01
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