Hellmuth Reymann
Hellmuth Reymann | |
|---|---|
| Allegiance |  German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany |
| Service/ | Heer |
| Years of service | 1903-1945 |
| Rank | Generalleutnant |
| Commands held | 11. Infanterie-Division |
| Battles/wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Hellmuth Reymann was an officer in the German Army (Wehrmacht Heer) during World War II. Reymann was one of the last commanders of the Berlin Defense Area during the final assault by Soviet forces on the city of Berlin.
Northern Russia
From 1 October 1942 to 1 October 1943, Lieutenant-General (Generalleutnant) Reymann commanded the 212th Infantry Division (212.Infanterie-Division) in northern Russia. His division was part of Army Group North.
From 1 October 1943 to 1 April 1944, Reymann was transferred within Army Group North to command the 13th Air Force Field Division (13.Luftwaffe-Feld-Division). His command was part of the XXVIII Army Corps (XXVIII. Armeekorps) fighting in northern Russia. Reymann's division included the 25th Field Infantry Regiment, the 26th Field Infantry Regiment, and the 13th Field Artillery Regiment. The XXVIII Army Corps was attached to the 18th Army.
Reymann's 13th Air Force Field Division suffered heavy losses in the retreat from Leningrad. The division was disbanded in April 1944.
From 1 April 1944 to 18 November 1944, Reymann commanded the 11th Infantry Division (11.Infanterie-Division) in northern Russia. In October 1944, Reymann's division was encircled in Latvia with a large number of German units in what was to be known as the Courland Pocket. Reyman was replaced by Lieutenant-General (Generalleutnant) Gerhard Feyerabend and Reymann returned to Germany.
Dresden, 1945
On 6 March 1945, Reymann was telephoned by Hitler's Chief Adjutant, General Wilhelm Burgdorf. Burgdorf ordered Reymann to take command of the defenses of Dresden. After Reymann scoffed at this order, Burgdorf hung up the telephone. Burgdorf again contacted Reymann and this time he informed him that Hitler had personally appointed him to command the Berlin Defense Area. Reymann was to replace General Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild immediately and to prepare for the impending Battle of Berlin.
Berlin, 1945
When he entered Berlin, Reymann found that he had inherited almost nothing from his predecessor, von Hauenschild. After further investigation, Reymann realized that Hitler and Joseph Göbbels had ruled that any defeatist talk would lead to immediate execution. No plans were drawn to evacuate the children and the elderly. No food had been stored in case of an enemy siege. The blunt Reymann set to work regardless of these shortcomings. He did all he could to prepare the city for the imminent attack that the top Nazi leaders refused to acknowledge. Reymann was also a notable opponent of the destruction of Berlin's bridges. While destroying the bridges leading into Berlin could slow the Russian invasion, Reymann believed that, if the bridges were destroyed, it would also deprive the city of its electricity, water, and fuel. In Reymann's opinion, Berlin would starve and cease to exist as an influential city in Europe.
Prior to the encirclement of the city, Reymann reportedly urged Hitler to allow him to evacuate the underage population of Berlin. But he was rebuffed.
On 15 April, Reymann met with architect Albert Speer and General Gotthard Heinrici, Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Vistula, to discuss Hitler's scorched earth policy (see Nero Decree) that Speer was clandestinely campaigning against. Although Reymann refused to side with Speer, he did promise to confer with Heinrici before destroying vital city infrastructure. Heinrici was also opposed to the scorched earth policy.
By 21 April, Joseph Goebbels, as Reich Commissioner for Berlin, ordered that "no man capable of bearing arms may leave Berlin." Only Reymann, as commander of the Berlin Defense Area, could issue an exemption. Senior Nazi Party officials, who readily condemned members of the army for retreating, rushed to Reymann's headquarters for the necessary authorizations to leave. Reymann was happy to sign over 2,000 passes to get rid of the "armchair warriors." Reymann's Chief-of-Staff, Hans Refior, commented: "The rats are leaving the sinking ship." [1]
Both Wilhelm Burgdorf and Joseph Goebbels convinced Hitler that Reymann was no good. When Reymann chose not to locate his office next to Goebbels' office, Goebbels held this act against him.[2]
On 22 April, Hitler relieved Reymann of his command for his defeatism and replaced him with newly promoted Major-General Ernst Kaether. Kaether was the former Chief-of-Staff to the chief political commissar of the German Army (Wehrmacht Heer). But, Kaether never took command. By the end of the day, Hitler personally took over command of the city's defenses along with his deputy, Erich Bärenfänger. Bärenfänger was yet another recently promoted Major-General. The result of all of this was that, when the first Soviet units enterred the suburbs of Berlin, Hitler himself was in control of the city's defenses.[3]
One day later, on 23 April, Hitler changed his mind again and made Artillery General (General der Artillerie) Helmuth Weidling the new commander of the Berlin Defense Area. Weidling remained in command of Berlin's defenses to the end and ultimately surrendered the city to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov.
Army Group Spree
After his dismissal as the commander of the Berlin Defense Area, Reymann was given a weak division near Potsdam. The division was given the unlikely title of "Army Group Spree." [4] Reymann played a role in the potential link-up between the defenders of Berlin and the relief forces of General Walther Wenck.[5] While Wenck never made it to Berlin, he did make it to Potsdam. About 20,000 of Reymann's men were able to escape through the narrow opening made by Wenck's 12th Army.[6]
Awards
- Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz 1914)
- 2nd Class (2. Klasse) (16 September 1914)
- 1st Class (1. Klasse) (4 March 1915)
- Clasp to the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz 1939)
- 2nd Class (2. Klasse) (28 November 1939)
- 1st Class (1. Klasse) (18 June 1940)
- German Cross in Gold (22 November 1941)
- Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) with Oak Leaves (mit Eichenlaub)
- Knight's Cross (5 April 1944)
- Oak Leaves (28 November 1944) - #672 Commander (Kommandeur) 11th Infantry Division (11.Infanterie-Division)
See also
References
- Walther-Peer Fellgiebel (2000), Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5
- Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5
Footnotes
- ^ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5, p. 261
- ^ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5, p. 268
- ^ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5, p. 268
- ^ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5, p. 268
- ^ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5, p. 353
- ^ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, ISBN 0-670-88695-5, p. 377