Hemarthrosis
| Hemarthrosis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Rheumatology  |
Hemarthrosis (or haemarthrosis, plural h(a)emarthroses) is a bleeding into joint spaces. It is a common feature of Hemophilia. The presence of it excludes the Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Causes
It usually follows injury but occurs mainly in patients with a predisposition to hemorrhage such as those being treated with warfarin (or other anticoagulants) and patients with hemophilia.
It can be associated with knee joint arthroplasty.[1]
It has also been reported as a part of hemorrhagic syndrome in the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, suggesting a viral etiology to the bleeding in a joint space.[2][3]
Treatment
In hemophilia it may occur spontaneously, and recurrent hemarthroses are a major cause of disability in that patient group due to hemophilic arthropathy, requiring synovectomy, joint replacement[4] and increased medical therapy to prevent further bleeding episodes, although it is controversial whether clotting factor administration adequately prevents hemarthroses.[5][needs update]
Complications
Up to a quarter of all severe ligament or capsular knee injuries leading to a haemarthrosis are associated with cartilage damage that can lead to progressive degenerative arthritis.[6]
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X-ray of Hemarthrosis -
X-ray of Hemarthrosis
References
- ^ Ohdera T, Tokunaga M, Hiroshima S, Yoshimoto E, Matsuda S (2004). "Recurrent hemarthrosis after knee joint arthroplasty: etiology and treatment". J Arthroplasty. 19 (2): 157–61. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2003.09.009. PMID 14973857.
- ^ Ahmeti, Salih; Ajazaj-Berisha, Lindita; Halili, Bahrije; Shala, Anita (Apr 2014). "Acute arthritis in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever". Journal of Global Infectious Diseases. 6 (2): 79–81. doi:10.4103/0974-777X.132052. PMC 4049045. PMID 24926169.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Heyman, Paul; Cochez, Christel; Hofhuis, Agnetha; van der Giessen, Joke; Sprong, Hein; Porter, Sarah Rebecca; Losson, Bertrand; Saegerman, Claude; Donoso-Mantke, Oliver; Niedrig, Matthias; Papa, Anna (2010). "A Clear and Present Danger: Tick-borne Diseases in Europe". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 8 (1): 33–50. doi:10.1586/eri.09.118. PMID 20014900.
- ^ Dunn AL (Sep 2005). "Management and prevention of recurrent hemarthrosis in patients with hemophilia". Current Opinion in Hematology. 12 (5): 390–4. doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000169285.66841.c8. PMID 16093785.
- ^ Stobart K, Iorio A, Wu JK (2006). Stobart K (ed.). "Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD003429. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003429.pub3. PMID 16625581.
- ^ Goldberg A, Stansby G "Surgical Talk" 2nd edition
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