Internal intercostal muscles
| Internal intercostal muscles | |
|---|---|
 Internal intercostal muscles (red) seen from back. | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Rib - superior border |
| Insertion | Rib - inferior border |
| Artery | Intercostal arteries |
| Nerve | Intercostal nerves |
| Actions | Hold ribs steady |
| Antagonist | External intercostal muscles |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Musculi intercostales interni |
| TA98 | A04.4.01.013 |
| TA2 | 2312 |
| FMA | 9757 74085, 9757 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (May 2015) |
The internal intercostal muscles (intercostales interni) are a group of skeletal muscles located between the ribs. They are eleven in number on either side. They commence anteriorly at the sternum, in the intercostal spaces between the cartilages of the true ribs, and at the anterior extremities of the cartilages of the false ribs, and extend backward as far as the angles of the ribs, whence they are continued to the vertebral column by thin aponeuroses, the posterior intercostal membranes.
Structure
Each muscle arises from the ridge on the inner surface of a rib, as well as from the corresponding costal cartilage, and is inserted into the inferior border of the rib above. The internal intercostals are innervated by the intercostal nerve.[1]
Their fibers are also directed obliquely, but pass in a direction opposite to those of the external intercostal muscles.
For the most part, they are muscles of exhalation. In exhalation the interosseous portions of the internal intercostal muscles, (the part of the muscle that is between the bone portion of the superior and inferior ribs), depresses and retracts the ribs, compressing the thoracic cavity and expelling air.[2] The internal intercostals, however, are only used in forceful exhalation such as coughing or during exercise and not in relaxed breathing.[3] The external intercostal muscles, and the intercartilaginous part of the internal intercostal muscles, (the part of the muscle that lies between the cartilage portion of the superior and inferior ribs), are used in inspiration, by aiding in elevating the ribs and expanding the thoracic cavity.[4]
Additional images
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Position of internal intercostal muscles (red). Animation. -
The Obliquus internus abdominis. -
Thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk.
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 403 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Seeley's Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Philip Tate[page needed]
- ^ Basic Human Anatomy - O'Rahilly, Müller, Carpenter & Swenson[page needed]
- ^ Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function 5th Edition by Kenneth Saladin[page needed]
- ^ http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/journey/internal.html[full citation needed]
External links
- . GPnotebook https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-254803891.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Anatomy photo:18:03-0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Internal Intercostal Muscle"
- Anatomy figure: 18:03-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Transverse section of thorax."