Israel Land Administration
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The Israel Land Administration (ILA; Template:Lang-he; Template:Lang-ar) is an Israeli government authority responsible for managing land in Israel which is in the public domain.[1] It manages 93% of the land in the country.[2] As a result of reforms soon it will be transformed into Israel Land Authority.
Creation
Israel Land Administration was created in 1960 as a result of the Knesset legislature to oversee the distribution and protection of all lands in Israel. According to the Basic law: Israel lands (חוק יסוד: מקרקעי ישראל), ILA manages the land in Israel that is either property of the state, the Jewish National Fund (JNF) or the Development Authority. Today it is responsible for some 4,820,500 acres (19,508,000 dunams) that constitute 93% of Israel's lands.[3] The remaining 7% of land is either privately owned or under the protection of religious authorities.
Functions
- Guarantee that the national land is used in accordance with Israeli laws,
- Actively protect and supervise state lands,
- Make state land available for public use,
- Plan, develop and manage state land reserves,
- Initiate planning and development (including relocation of existing occupants),
- Regulate and manage registration of state lands,
- Authorize contracts and agreements with other parties,
- Provide services to the general public.[3]
Policy objectives
- Designating land areas for public and state requirements
- Assuring land reserves for future needs
- Preservation of agricultural lands
- Land usage in accordance with the law
- Safeguarding the state lands[3]
Legal framework
Four Israeli laws form the legal basis of its land policy:
- Basic Law: Israel lands (1960) states that all the lands owned by the state of Israel will remain in state ownership, and will not be sold or given to anyone.
- Israel Lands Law (1960) details several exceptions to the basic law.
- Israel Land Administration Law (1960) describes the details of establishing and operating the Israel Land Administration.[4]
- Covenant between the State of Israel and the World Zionist Organization (establishing the Jewish National Fund) (1960)[3]
Structure
The Israel Land Council sets policy for the ILA. It is chaired by Israel's Vice Prime Minister, the Minister of Industry, Trade, Labor and Communications. The Council has 22 members; 12 represent government ministries and 10 represent the Jewish National Fund. The Director General of the ILA is appointed by the government.[3]
Departments
- Planning and Development
- Mapping
- Finance Transactions
- Land Assessment
- Inspection and Supervision
- Legal Counsel, Ownership and Registration
- Personnel and Administration
- Information Technology
- Urban Marketing
- * Internal AuditCite error: The
<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page). In practice though the rights granted to leaseholders under the current Israeli leasehold system closely resemble full property rights.[5]
Under Israeli law, the Israel Land Administration cannot lease land to foreign nationals. In practice foreigners may be allowed to lease if they show that they are eligible to immigrate to Israel in accordance with the Law of Return.[6] In 2000, the High Court ruled that the State may not allocate land to its citizens on the basis of religion or nationality, even if it allocates the land through a third party such as the Jewish Agency. The Court's decision precludes any restrictions on the leasing or sale of land based on nationality, religion, or any other discriminatory category.[7]
Reforms
As a part of reforms started in 2009 the Israel Land Administration will be dismantled and Israel Land Authority will be created instead. A long-time land tenancy should turn into private land ownership.[5]
According to the official press-release, "The reforms are designed to reduce bureaucratic impediments for homeowners who wish to enlarge their homes and the involvement of the Government in the real estate market, and enable the ILA to focus on developing and marketing state lands, as opposed to dealing with leased residential units."[8] The reforms are meant to offer a greater supply of residential units that would cause housing prices to decline.
Upon the agreement reached after negotiations were held between ILA management, Ministry of Finance and Trade unions, some 200 of ILA staff will leave their job voluntarily, as for the rest they will be embedded in the structure of a new Israel Land Authority organization.
Kahlon's appointment
On January 21, 2013 prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has appointed former Communications and Welfare Minister Moshe Kahlon as a new ILA chairman.[9] Kahlon's candidacy was chosen since he enjoyed public support since he managed to reduce dramatically cellphone bills by setting major reforms at the communications market.[10] It is expected that his appointment will contribute to lowering the cost of housing for Israelis as he is a person capable to do it.[9]
This Netanyahu's decision has been highly criticized by other politicians since it was taken only two days before the elections.[11] The head of the Central Election Committee, Supreme Court Justice Elyakim Rubinstein, barred Israeli media to broadcast the press conference at which the appointment was announced, ruling that it could be regarded as election propaganda, which is banned.[12] The Israeli Labor Party leader Shelly Yachimovich said that Kahlon's appointment was illegal since according to law, the ILA chairman is appointed not by PM but rather by the Housing and Construction Minister.[13] She filed a petition to the High Court of Justice.[14]
See also
References
- ^ Pfeffer, Anshel; Stern, Yoav (2007-09-24). "High Court delays ruling on JNF land sales to non-Jews". Haaretz. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
- ^ Ilan Ben Zion, Lands chief position reportedly forced on Likud minister
- ^ a b c d e Israel Land Administration. General Information
- ^ Israel Land Administration Law
- ^ a b Israel Lands: Privatization or National Ownership?
- ^ Hasson, Nir (2009-07-21). "Most Arabs can't buy most homes in West Jerusalem". Haaretz.
- ^ Israel and the Occupied Territories. International Religious Freedom Report 2005. United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2006)
- ^ Israel Land Administration Reforms Underway, Prime Minister's Office, October 6, 2010
- ^ a b Zvi Zrahia, Nimrod Bousso, Netanyahu taps popular Likud ex-minister to head Israel Land Administration, Haaretz, January 21, 2013
- ^ Ron Friedman, Kahlon to the rescue?, The Times of Israel, January 21, 2013
- ^ Boaz Fyler, Shiri Hadar, Parties slam PM over Kahlon appointment, Ynet, January 21, 2013
- ^ Elie Leshem, Netanyahu decried for ‘populist’ move to promote Kahlon, The Times of Israel, January 21, 2013
- ^ Lahav Harkov, Melanie Lidman, Yonah Jeremy B, PM to appoint Kahlon chairman of Lands Authority, The Jerusalem Post, January 20, 2013
- ^ Labor to petition appointment of Kahlon, The Jerusalem Post, January 20, 2013