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Karkin language

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Karkin
Native toUnited States (California)
EthnicityKarkin people
Extinct19th century
Language codes
ISO 639-3krb
Glottologkark1259

The Karkin language (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) is one of eight Ohlone languages. It was extinct by the 1950s and was formerly spoken in north central California.[1]

Karkin is an Ohlone/Costanoan language, in the Utian language family,[2][3] which is a Yok-Utian language, in the Penutian language family.[1]

It was historically spoken by the Karkin people, who lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.[4] Its only documentation is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821.[5] Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo Ohlone language and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south.[6] Karkin has probably not been spoken since the 19th century.

All Costanoan languages became extinct, but some are being studied and revived.[7]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Karkin." Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  2. ^ Callaghan 1997
  3. ^ Golla 2007:73
  4. ^ Milliken 1995:238
  5. ^ Milliken 2008:6
  6. ^ Beeler 1961
  7. ^ Hinton, Leanne. 2001. The Ohlone Languages, in The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice, pp. 425–432. Emerald Group Publishing ISBN 0-12-349354-4.

References

  • Beeler, Madison S. 1961. "Northern Costanoan." International Journal of American Linguistics 27: 191–197.
  • Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." International Journal of American Linguistics 63:18–64.
  • Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0872-1.
  • Milliken, Randall T. 1995. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
  • Milliken, Randall T. 2008. Native Americans at Mission San Jose. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. ISBN 978-0-87919-147-4.

Further reading

  • Callaghan, C.A. 1988. "Karkin Revisited." International Journal of American Linguistics 54: 436–452.
  • Karkin language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
  • Costanoan/Ohlone Indian Language
  • "OLAC resources in and about the Karkin language". Retrieved 2012-12-09.
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