Lakki Marwat
Lakki Marwat
لکی مروت | |
|---|---|
District Headquarter / City | |
| District Lakki Marwat | |
  Lakki Marwat  Lakki Marwat | |
| Coordinates: 32°36′19″N 70°54′52″E / 32.60528°N 70.91444°E | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Province | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Lakki Marwat District |
| Elevation | 255 m (837 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| Calling code | 0969 |
| Number of Union councils | 2[1] |
Lakki Marwat or Lakki is the headquarters of Lakki Marwat District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.[1]
History
Origins
Lakki was first called by the name of “Thal Daman”, which means an open sandy plain.[2] The first evidence of civilization in the plains of Thal Daman and the spread of Islam in Bannu is indicated by the graves of Ashaab on the left bank of the Kurram River. In addition, contemporary historians write about Bannu in their works. Al-Baladuri wrote that "In the year 44 H. [664 AD], and in the days of the Khalif Muawiya, Muhallib son of Abu Safra made war upon the same frontier, and advanced as far as Banna and Alahwar which lie between Multan and Kabul.”[3][4]
The tribes of Lakki Marwat, such as the [Bannuchi] are mentioned in the memoirs of Mughal Emperor Babur. He considered the whole of the valley which is now the Tahsil of Bannu and Marwat, as ‘Bannu territory'. Babur also stated that when he came to Bannu in 1505, the Niazis were settlers in what now is Marwat.[5][6] In 1602, the Niazis were driven out by Marwat towards Isakhel.
In 1756, Ahmad Shah Durrani incorporated the whole of the Bannu territory into the Durrani Empire centred at Kandahar (later Kabul).[5]
In 1818, the Nawab of the area, Hafiz Ahmed Khan Sado Zai, annexed Isakhel. The following year, he was invited by the White Gund of Marwats to aid him against the Black Gund of Marwats. After doing this, the Nawab, took possession of the whole Marwat area.[6]
In 1836, Maharaja Ranjit Singh formally annexed Marwat and leased it for an annual sum of Rs. 40,000 to a tax collector called Dewan Lakki Mull.[5] Dewan Lakki Mull then settled some of the Hindu inhabitants across the Gambila River towards the north. Eventually, these settlements turned into a small town known as Lakki. It was through Dewan Lakki Mull that the area derived its name 'Lakki'.[2]
After Dewan Lakhi Mull, Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana became the area's tax collector.[5] He belonged to the Tiwana family and was an ancestor of Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana. In 1844, he built and garrisoned a fort in the heart of Marwat which he called Ihsanpur. A town grew up under its walls and became the capital of Marwat.[7] He induced many of the leading classes to settle near it, so a number of families that had moved to Isakhel returned to the region.[5]
British rule
On 20 March 1849, the Punjab region was annexed by the East India Company. The province was divided into the districts of Leiah and Dera Ismail khan. The Isakhel and Marwat, was put into the Dera Ismail Khan District.[8] On January 1, 1861, the Leiah District was broken up and the Dera Jat District was formed with Bannu as its most northern area.
In 1862, Bannu district was expanded to include parts of Mianwali District, such as Pakhar (Kala Bagh), a tract lying along the eastern base of the salt range, and the villages of Harnoli and Wan Bhachran.[5] Therefore, the whole of the North-West Frontier Province, including Bannu, Peshawar, Hazara and Kashmir remained part of the Punjab Province until 1901. Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana's old fort town of Ihsanpur continued to be the capital of Marwat until 1864. That year, it had to be abandoned when the Gambila River flooded the area making it into a marsh. The District Officer, Major Urmston, allowed the inhabitants to move across to the right bank of the Gambila and settle amongst a cluster of villages consisting of Mina Khel, Khoedad Khel and Sayed Khel.
The municipality was constituted in 1874.[9] On the 9 November 1901, the Mianwali District was formed out of the tehsils of Isa Khel and Mianwali from the Bannu District and Bhakkar and Leih from Dera Ismail Khan District.[8] The population in 1901 was 5,218.
Post-Independence
A Narrow gauge (762 mm or 2 ft 6 in) railway line was linked it with Mari Indus, Bannu and Tank, Pakistan, was closed in 1991.
On 1 July 1992, Lakki Marwat became an administrative area.
On 1 January 2010, at least 99 people were killed in the nearby village Shah Hassan Khel when a suicide bomber blew himself up at a volleyball game.[10]
Geography
Lakki Marwat shares borders with districts Karak in the North and Bannu in the North-West. On the other side, districts Dera Ismail Khan in the South and Tank in the South-West. In the West is South Waziristan Agency.
See also
References
- ^ a b Tehsils & Unions in the District of Lakki Marwat - Government of Pakistan[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Sher Mohammad Khan Mohmand, The Marwats, (Peshawar, 1999) pp. 17-22OCLC 62341253
- ^ Elliot H. M. 'The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians' in “The Muhammadan period: Volume 1”
- ^ Briggs, J. trans. Mohammad Kasim Firishta, “History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India Till the Year A.D. 1612“, Volume VI
- ^ a b c d e f Government of North-West Frontier Province. Gazetteer of Bannu District (1883–84). (Lahore. Sang-e-Meel. 1989) pp. 36-226
- ^ a b Thorburn, S.S., Bannu or our Afghan Frontier, (Kessinger, 1876) pp. 19-224
- ^ Hunter, William Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial series, North West frontier Province, Vols. VIII-XVI, 1908, p. 130
- ^ a b Gazetteer of Mian wali District, 1915 p. 40
- ^ Lakki - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 16, p. 130.
- ^ Pakistan volleyball bomb toll climbs to more than 90 from BBC retrieved 19 September 2013
Sources
- Bellew, Henry Walter, “An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan” (Karachi Indus Publications, 1891)
- Edwards, Herbert Benjamin, A Year On the Punjab Frontier 1848-49, Vol. 1
- Hunter, William Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial series, North West frontier Province, Vols. VIII and XVI (1908)
- Rose, Ibbetson and Maclagan, A Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province Vol. I, p. 48 and Vol. III, p. 139
- Thorburn, S.S., Report on the first Regular Land Revenue Settlement Of the Bannu District in the Dera jat Division of the Punjab, (1879)
