Lino Brocka
Lino Brocka | |
|---|---|
| File:Lino brocka.jpg | |
| Born | Catalino Ortiz Brocka April 3, 1939 |
| Died | May 21, 1991 (aged 52) Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Occupation | Film director |
| Years active | 1970-1991 |
| Relatives | Q. Allan Brocka (nephew) |
| Awards |  Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas |
Catalino Ortiz Brocka (April 3, 1939 – May 22, 1991) was a Filipino film director. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential and significant Filipino filmmakers in the history of Philippine cinema. In 1983, he founded the organization Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP), dedicated to helping artists address issues confronting the country.
Brocka was openly gay and often incorporated LGBT themes into his films. He directed landmark films including Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974), Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1975), Insiang (1976), Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim (1984), and Orapronobis (1989). In 1997, he was posthumously given the National Artist of the Philippines for Film award for "having made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts."
Biography
Life
Brocka was born in Pilar, Sorsogon.[1] He directed his first film, Wanted: Perfect Mother, based on The Sound of Music and a local comic serial, in 1970. It won an award for best screenplay at the 1970 Manila Film Festival. Later that year he also won the Citizen’s Council for Mass Media's best-director award for the film Santiago!.
In 1974, Brocka directed Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (literally: "You Were Weighed but It's Not Enough"), which told the story of a teenager growing up in a small town amid its petty and gross injustices. It was a box-office success, and earned Brocka another best-director award, this time from the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS).
The following year he directed Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag ("Manila in the Claws of Light"), which is considered by many critics to be the greatest Philippine film ever made, including British film critic and historian Derek Malcolm [1]. The film tells the allegorical tale of a young provincial named Julio Madiaga who goes to Manila looking for his lost love, Ligaya Paraiso. The episodic plot has him careering from one adventure to another until he finally finds Ligaya. Much of the film's acclaim is directed towards the excellent cinematography by Mike de Leon, who would later on direct landmark films such as Kisapmata and Batch '81. The film won the FAMAS Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Supporting Actor in 1976.
Insiang (1976) was the first Philippine film ever shown at the Cannes Film Festival. It is considered to be one of Brocka's best films — some say his masterpiece. The film centers on a young woman named Insiang who lives in the infamous Manila slum area, Tondo. It is a Shakespearean tragedy that deals with Insiang's rape by her mother's lover, and her subsequent revenge.
The film Jaguar (1979) was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. It won Best Picture and Best Director at the 1980 FAMAS Awards. It also won five Gawad Urian Awards, including Best Picture and Best Direction.
In 1981, Brocka returned to the Cannes' Director's Fortnight with his third entry, Bona, a film about obsession.
In 1983, Brocka created the organization Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP), which he led for two years. His stand was that artists were first and foremost citizens and, as such, must address the issues confronting the country. His group became active in anti-government rallies after the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr., eventually becoming one of the progressive organizations representing artists and cultural workers in the country.
The following year, Bayan Ko ("My Country") was deemed subversive by the government of Ferdinand Marcos, and underwent a legal battle to be shown in its uncut form. At the 1984 Cannes Film Festival however, it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It garnered four honors at the 1986 Gawad Urian Awards, including Best Picture.
Brocka directed over forty films. Some of his other notable works are Macho Dancer (1988), which had to be secretly smuggled out of the country to avoid government censorship, Orapronobis (international title: Fight for Us) (1989), and Gumapang Ka sa Lusak (1990).
For his fight against the Marcos regime, Brocka, in 1986 was appointed by President Corazon Aquino to the 1986 Constitutional Commission to draft a new constitution for the country. During his tenure in the commission, he eventually resigned.
In 1987, a documentary entitled Signed: Lino Brocka was directed by Christian Blackwood. It won the 1988 Peace Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival.
Death
On May 22, 1991, Brocka and actor William Lorenzo left the Spindle Music Lounge, where they watched a show starring Malu Barry, in a 1991 Toyota Corolla being driven by Lorenzo, heading home to Tandang Sora in Quezon City, Metro Manila. At around 1:30 a.m., the car crashed into an electric post made of concrete along East Avenue, after Lorenzo tried to avoid a tricycle suddenly swerving towards their path. Both Brocka and Lorenzo were rushed to the East Medical Center, where Brocka was declared dead on arrival, with Lorenzo in critical condition but declared out of danger by doctors.[2] In 1997, Brocka was given the posthumous distinction of National Artist for Film.
Awards
| Year | Group | Category | Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | British Film Institute Awards | Sutherland Trophy | Bayan Ko: Kapit Sa Patalim (1984) | Won |
| 1984 | Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | Bayan Ko: Kapit Sa Patalim (1984) | Nominated |
| 1980 | Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | Jaguar (1979) | Nominated |
| 1992 | FAMAS Awards | Hall of Fame | Director | Won |
| 1991 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak (1990) | Won |
| 1990 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Macho Dancer (1988) | Nominated |
| 1986 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Bayan Ko: Kapit Sa Patalim (1984) | Nominated |
| Best Director | Miguelito: Batang Rebelde (1985) | Nominated | ||
| 1983 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Cain At Abel (1982) | Nominated |
| 1980 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Jaguar (1979) | Won |
| 1979 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Gumising Ka... Maruja (1978) | Nominated |
| 1978 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Tahan Na Empoy, Tahan (1977) | Nominated |
| 1977 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Insiang (1976) | Nominated |
| 1976 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Maynila: Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag (1975) | Won |
| 1975 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974) | Won |
| 1973 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Villa Miranda (1972) | Nominated |
| 1972 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Stardoom (1971) | Nominated |
| 1971 | FAMAS Awards | Best Director | Tubog Sa Ginto (1970) | Won |
| 1991 | FAP Awards, Philippines | Best Director | Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak (1990) | Won |
| 1986 | FAP Awards, Philippines | Best Director | Bayan Ko: Kapit Sa Patalim (1984) | Won |
| 1992 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Sa Kabila Ng Lahat (1991) | Nominated |
| 1991 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak (1990) | Nominated |
| 1990 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Macho Dancer (1988) | Nominated |
| 1986 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Bayan Ko: Kapit Sa Patalim (1984) | Nominated |
| Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Miguelito: Batang Rebelde (1985) | Nominated | ||
| 1984 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Hot Property (1983) | Nominated |
| 1983 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Cain At Abel (1982) | Nominated |
| 1981 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Film of the Decade (Natatanging Pelikula ng Dekada) | Insiang (1976) 1970-1979 | Won |
| Best Film of the Decade (Natatanging Pelikula ng Dekada) | Jaguar (1979) 1970-1979 | Won | ||
| Best Film of the Decade (Natatanging Pelikula ng Dekada) | Maynila: Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag (1975) 1970-1979 | Won | ||
| Best Film of the Decade (Natatanging Pelikula ng Dekada) | Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974) 1970-1979 | Won | ||
| Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Bona (1980) | Nominated | ||
| 1980 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Jaguar (1979) | Won |
| 1979 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Mananayaw (1978) | Nominated |
| 1978 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Tahan Na Empoy, Tahan (1977) | Nominated |
| 1977 | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Direction (Pinakamahusay na Direksyon) | Insiang (1976) | Nominated |
| 1985 | Metro Manila Film Festival | Best Director | Ano Ang Kulay Ng Mukha Ng Diyos? (1985) | Won |
| 1979 | Metro Manila Film Festival [3] | Best Director | Ina ka ng Anak Mo (1979) | Won |
| 1983 | Nantes Three Continents Festival | Golden Montgolfiere | Angela Markado (1980) | Won |
| 1992 | Young Critics Circle, Philippines | Best Film | Sa Kabila Ng Lahat (1991) | Won |
| 1991 | Young Critics Circle, Philippines | Silver Prize | Hahamakin Lahat (1990) | Won |
Further reading
- An extensive biography from a Lino Brocka fan site at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)
- Lino Brocka: Legendary Filmmaker, First LDS Convert in the Philippines (About Brocka's conversion to Mormonism)
- Mission Impossible 1: Filmmaking in the Philippines 1896-1986 (historical overview)
- Guardian Unlimited (UK) feature on Derek Malcolm's Century of Films, which includes Brocka's "Manila: In The Claws of Darkness"
- Lino Brocka : the artist and his times, ed. by Mario A. Hernando, Manila : Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1993.
- Who are we to judge the insane? - "Tinimbang ka ngunit Kulang"
- "Director Lino Brocka: Stronger than Life"
References
- ^ The Magsaysay Award XI, 1985-1987, Manila, The Magsaysay Award Foundation, 1989, online via this link
- ^ Lo, Ricky (1991-05-22). "Lino Brocka killed in car accident". The Philippine Star. Philstar Daily Inc. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
- ^ "Metro Manila Film Festival:1979". IMDB. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
External links
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