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List of Aramean kings

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Aramean kings were kings of the ancient Arameans, and rulers of various Aramean states that existed throughout the Levant and Mesopotamia during the 14th and 13th centuries BC, before being absorbed by various other empires such as the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Achaemenid Empire.[1][2]

Kings

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King Hazael of Aram-Damascus

Aramean kings are known from various inscriptions, and some are also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

Name Reign Notes
Hezion ca. mid-10th century B.C.E.[citation needed]
Tabrimmon ca. late 10th century B.C.E.[citation needed]
Ben-Hadad I ca. early 9th century B.C.E.[citation needed]
Hadadezer (Ben-Hadad II) ca. 865-844 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Hazael ca. 844-805 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Ben-Hadad III ca. 805-780 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Hadianu ca. 780-754 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Rezin ca. 754–732 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Name Reign Notes
Gusi ca. 870 Dynasty founder
Hadram ca. 860–830 son of Gusi (Arame)
Attar-šumki I ca. 830–800 / 805–796[citation needed] son of Hadram, synonym Bar-Guš[citation needed]
Bar-Hadad ca. 800 son of Attar-šumki I, reign unclear
Attar-šumki II 1st half 8th century son of Bar-Hadad
Mati-Ilu mid 8th century son of Attar-šumki II
King Bar Rakib on his throne, before him stands a scribe Bit Gabbari
A stele of the Aramean king Bar-Rakib
King Kilamuwa standing in front of deities symbols
Name Reign Notes
Gabbar ca 920[citation needed]/ca. 900 – 880 Dynasty founder
Bamah ca. 880–865 son of Gabbar
Hayya ca. 865–840[citation needed] son of Bamah
Ša-il ca. 840–830 son of Hayya
Kilamuwa ca. 830–820[citation needed] brother of Ša-il
Qarli ca. 820–790 son of Ahabbu?, he unified Sam'al and Y'DY
Panamuwa I ca. 790–750 son of Qarli, synonym Panammu[citation needed]
Bar-Sur ca. 750 son of Panamuwa I
Panamuwa II ca. 743[3]–727 son of Bar-Sur, synonym Panammu[citation needed]
Bar-Rakib 727[3]–713/711[citation needed] son of Panamuwa II

Kasku

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Name Reign Notes
Bar-Ga'ya mid 8th century Possibly an Assyrian high official
Name Reign Notes
Hadadezer at the time of Saul and David of Israel
Name Reign Notes
Bahianu - -
Abisalmu - -
Kapara 950–875 BC He built a monumental palace in Neo-Hittite style discovered by Max von Oppenheim in 1911, with a rich decoration of statues and relief orthostats
Name Reign Notes
T'oi - -
Hadoram - -
Paratas - -
Irhuleni 853 BC He led a coalition against the Assyrian expansion under Shalmaneser III, alongside Hadadezer of Damascus.[4]
Uratamis - -
Zakkur - -
Eni-Ilu - -
Yaub'di - -
Name Reign Notes
Cushan-rishathaim 1250 BC He was king of Aram-Naharaim, or Northwest Mesopotamia, and the first oppressor of the Israelites after their settlement in Canaan.
Name Reign Notes
Ammi-Ba'al 900–879 BC He was king of Bit-Zamani, or Northwest Mesopotamia known for his rivals against Tukulti-Ninurta II.
Bur-Ramman 879–866 Successor of Ammi-Ba'al
Ilan 879–866 BC Successor and brother of Bur-Ramman
Name Reign Notes
Adin(i) 883–876 BC He was the first king of Bit-Adini[5]
Akhuni Bar-Adin 876–858 BC Successor and descent of Adin and defeated by Ashurnasirpal II[5]
Name Reign Notes
Odaenathus 260–267 Founder of the Palmyrene monarchy, dropped the King title and started using King of Kings by 263
Hairan I 263–267 Made co-King of Kings by his father.[6]
Maeonius 267–267 No evidence exist for his reign,[7] but he allegedly murdered Odaenathus and his son, Hairan and attempted a usurpation
Vaballathus 267–272 Dropped the "King of Kings" title in 270, replacing it with the Latin rex (king) and declared emperor in 271.[8] Reigned under the regency of his mother, Zenobia.[9]
Zenobia 267–272 Ruled as a regent for her children and did not claim to rule in her own right.[9]
Septimius Antiochus 273–273 Possibly a son of Zenobia.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Lipiński 2000.
  2. ^ Younger 2016.
  3. ^ a b Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
  4. ^ Luis Robert Siddall, The Reign of Adad-nīrārī III: An Historical and Ideological Analysis of An Assyrian King and His Times. BRILL, 2013 ISBN 9004256148 p.37
  5. ^ a b "Kingdoms of Syria – Bit Adini".
  6. ^ Maurice Sartre (2005). The Middle East Under Rome. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-674-01683-5.
  7. ^ George C. Brauer (1975). The Age of the Soldier Emperors: Imperial Rome, A.D. 244-284. Noyes Press. p. 163.
  8. ^ Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-19-986110-1.
  9. ^ a b Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-4411-4248-1.

Sources

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