List of United States House of Representatives elections (1856–present)
This provides a summary of the results of elections to the United States House of Representatives from the elections held in 1856 to the present. This time period corresponds to the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Party Systems of the United States. For the purposes of counting partisan divisions in the U.S. House of Representatives, "Independent Democrats", "Independent Republicans", and other members loosely affiliated with the two main parties have been included in the "Democrat" and "Republican" member tallies in the table below, though the details of such are included in the accompanying 'Notes'. Parties with a majority, or which controlled the U.S. House of Representatives after the election, are shown in bold.
| Election year |
Democrats | Republicans | Other parties | Total apportionment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Populist | Independents | Others | ||
| 1856 | 133[a] | +50 | 90 | –10[b] | – | – | 14[c] | 237 |
| 1858 | 98[d] | –35 | 116 | +26 | – | – | 24[e] | 238 |
| 1860 | 45[a] | –53[f] | 108 | –8 | – | – | 30[g] | 183[f] |
| 1862 | 72 | +27 | 87[h] | –21 | – | – | 25[g] | 184 |
| 1864 | 38 | –34 | 137[i] | +50 | – | – | 18[g] | 193 |
| 1866 | 47 | +9 | 175[j] | +38 | – | – | 4[k] | 226 |
| 1868 | 67 | +20 | 171 | –4 | – | – | 5[l] | 243 |
| 1870 | 104 | +37 | 139[m] | –32 | – | – | – | 243 |
| 1872 | 89[a] | –15 | 203[n] | +44 | – | – | – | 292 |
| 1874 | 183[a] | +94 | 106[o] | –97 | – | 4 | – | 293 |
| 1876 | 157[p] | –26 | 136 | +30 | – | – | – | 293 |
| 1878 | 148[q] | –9 | 132 | –4 | – | – | 13[r] | 293 |
| 1880 | 131[s] | –17 | 151 | +19 | – | 1 | 10[t] | 293 |
| 1882 | 199[u] | +68 | 118[i] | –33 | – | 2 | 6[v] | 325 |
| 1884 | 183[a] | –16 | 141 | +23 | – | – | 1[w] | 325 |
| 1886 | 167 | –16 | 154[h] | +13 | – | 1 | 3[x] | 325 |
| 1888 | 152 | –15 | 179 | +25 | – | – | 1[y] | 332 |
| 1890 | 238 | +86 | 86 | –93 | 8 | – | – | 332 |
| 1892 | 220[p] | –18 | 124 | +38 | 11 | – | 1[z] | 356 |
| 1894 | 93 | –127 | 254 | +130 | 9 | – | 1[z] | 357 |
| 1896 | 124 | +31 | 210[aa] | –44 | 22 | – | 1[z] | 357 |
| 1898 | 161 | +37 | 189[ab] | –21 | 6[ac] | – | 1[z] | 357 |
| 1900 | 151 | –10 | 201[ad] | +12 | 5 | – | – | 357 |
| 1902 | 176 | +25 | 210[o] | +9 | – | – | – | 386 |
| 1904 | 135 | –41 | 251 | +41 | – | – | – | 386 |
| 1906 | 167 | +32 | 224[i] | –27 | – | – | – | 391 |
| 1908 | 172 | +5 | 219 | –5 | – | – | – | 391 |
| 1910 | 230 | +58 | 163[ae] | –56 | – | – | 1[af] | 394 |
| 1912 | 291 | +61 | 134 | –29 | – | 1 | 9[ag] | 435 |
| 1914 | 230 | –61 | 196 | +62 | – | 1 | 8[ah] | 435 |
| 1916 | 214[ai] | –16 | 216[i] | +20 | – | – | 5[aj] | 435 |
| 1918 | 192 | –22 | 240 | +24 | – | 1 | 2[ak] | 435 |
| 1920 | 131 | –61 | 303[i] | +63 | – | – | 1[af] | 435 |
| 1922 | 207 | +76 | 225 | –78 | – | – | 3[al] | 435 |
| 1924 | 183 | –24 | 247 | +22 | – | – | 5[am] | 435 |
| 1926 | 194 | +11 | 238 | –9 | – | – | 3[al] | 435 |
| 1928 | 164 | –30 | 270 | +32 | – | – | 1[an] | 435 |
| 1930 | 216[ao] | +52 | 218 | –52 | – | – | 1[an] | 435 |
| 1932 | 313 | +97 | 117 | –101 | – | – | 5[ap] | 435 |
| 1934 | 322 | +9 | 103 | –14 | – | – | 10[aq] | 435 |
| 1936 | 334 | +12 | 88 | –15 | – | – | 13[ar] | 435 |
| 1938 | 262 | –72 | 169 | +81 | – | – | 4[as] | 435 |
| 1940 | 268[a] | +6 | 162 | –7 | – | – | 5[at] | 435 |
| 1942 | 222 | –46 | 209 | +47 | – | – | 4[as] | 435 |
| 1944 | 244 | +22 | 189 | –20 | – | – | 2[au] | 435 |
| 1946 | 188 | –56 | 246 | +57 | – | – | 1[av] | 435 |
| 1948 | 263 | +75 | 171 | –75 | – | – | 1[av] | 435 |
| 1950 | 235 | –28 | 199 | +28 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 1952 | 213 | –22 | 221 | +22 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 1954 | 232 | +19 | 203 | –18 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1956 | 232 | 0 | 203 | 0 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1958 | 283[a] | +51 | 153 | –50 | – | – | – | 436[aw] |
| 1960 | 264 | –19 | 173 | +20 | – | – | – | 437[ax] |
| 1962 | 259[2] | –5 | 176[2] | +3 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1964 | 295 | +36 | 140 | –36 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1966 | 248 | –47 | 187 | +47 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1968 | 243 | –5 | 192 | +5 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1970 | 255 | +12 | 180 | –12 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1972 | 243 | –12 | 192 | +12 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1974 | 291 | +48 | 144 | –48 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1976 | 292 | +1 | 143 | –1 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1978 | 277[3] | –15 | 158[3] | +15 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1980 | 243 | –34 | 192 | +34 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1982 | 269 | +26 | 166 | –26 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1984 | 253[4] | –16 | 182[4] | +16 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1986 | 258 | +5 | 177 | –5 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1988 | 260[5] | +2 | 175[5] | –2 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 1990 | 267 | +7 | 167 | –8 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 1992 | 258 | –9 | 176 | +9 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 1994 | 204[6] | –54 | 230[6] | +54 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 1996 | 206[7] | +2 | 228[7] | –2 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 1998 | 211 | +5 | 223 | –5 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 2000 | 212[8] | +1 | 221[8] | –2 | – | 2 | – | 435 |
| 2002 | 205 | –7 | 229 | +8 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 2004 | 202[9] | –3 | 232[9] | +3 | – | 1 | – | 435 |
| 2006 | 233 | +31 | 202 | –30 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2008 | 257 | +24 | 178 | –24 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2010 | 193 | –63 | 242 | +63 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2012 | 201 | +8 | 234 | –8 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2014 | 188 | –13 | 247 | +13 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2016 | 194 | +6 | 241 | –6 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2018 | 235 | +41 | 199 | –42 | – | – | 1[ay] | 435 |
| 2020 | 222 | –13 | 213[az] | +14 | – | – | – | 435 |
| 2022 | 213 | –9 | 222 | +9 | – | – | – | 435 |
See also
[edit]- List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
- List of United States House of Representatives elections (1824–1854)
- Third Party System
- Fourth Party System
- Fifth Party System
- Sixth Party System
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Includes one Independent Democrat.
- ^ Compared to the number of seats for "Opposition Party" in the 34th United States Congress.
- ^ Fourteen members of the American Party (Know Nothing).
- ^ Includes eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes nineteen "Opposition" members, and five members of the American Party (Know Nothing).
- ^ a b Much of this loss is due to the secession of the Confederate States of America.
- ^ a b c Includes various factions of Constitutional Unionists.
- ^ a b Includes two Independent Republicans.
- ^ a b c d e Includes one Independent Republican.
- ^ Includes one Independent Republican and one conservative Republican.
- ^ Includes two Conservative members, and also two vacant U.S. House districts.
- ^ Includes five Conservative members.
- ^ Includes two Liberal Republicans and one Independent Republican.
- ^ Includes four Liberal Republicans.
- ^ a b Includes three Independent Republicans.
- ^ a b Includes two Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes seven Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes thirteen members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
- ^ Includes two Readjuster Democrats and one Independent Democrat.
- ^ Includes ten members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
- ^ Includes three Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes four members of the Readjuster Party, two members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
- ^ One National Independent (Greenback) Party member.
- ^ Includes two members of the Labor Party, one member of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
- ^ One Labor Party member.
- ^ a b c d Includes one Silver Party member.
- ^ Includes three Silver Republican Party members (a GOP splinter group), and one Independent Republican.
- ^ Includes two Silver Republican Party members (a GOP splinter group).
- ^ Includes one Independent Populist.
- ^ Includes one Silver Republican Party member.
- ^ Includes one Progressive Republican member.
- ^ a b Includes one Socialist member.
- ^ Includes nine Progressive Party members.
- ^ Includes six Progressive Party members, one Socialist member, and one Prohibition Party member.
- ^ Democrats maintained control of the U.S. House after the 1916 elections by forming a 218-member coalition with the three Progressive members and the one Socialist member.
- ^ Includes three Progressive Party members, one Socialist member, and one Prohibition Party member.
- ^ Includes one Union-Labor member, and one Prohibition Party member.
- ^ a b Includes two Farmer–Labor Party members and one Socialist Party member.
- ^ Includes three Farmer–Labor Party members, one American-Labor member, and one Socialist Party member.
- ^ a b Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member.
- ^ Before the 72nd United States Congress convened for its first day, 14 representatives-elect died, and the results of the intervening special elections caused party control of the House to change, and Democrats organized with the majority of an initial majority 218 House seats.
- ^ Includes five Farmer–Labor Party members.
- ^ Includes three Farmer–Labor Party members, and seven Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
- ^ Includes five Farmer–Labor Party members, and seven Wisconsin Progressive Party and on California Progressive Party members.
- ^ a b Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member, one American Labor Party member, and two Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
- ^ Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member, one American Labor Party member, and three Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
- ^ Includes one American Labor Party member and one Wisconsin Progressive Party member.
- ^ a b Includes one American Labor Party member.
- ^ Alaska was admitted as a state and entered Congress at the beginning of the 86th Congress.
- ^ Hawaii was admitted as a state and entered Congress on August 21, 1959 during the preceding 86th Congress.
- ^ Results from North Carolina's 9th congressional district were voided, leading to a September 2019 special election.
- ^ Includes the results of the election for NY-22 which were not certified until February 5, 2021 after a judicial review of the election results.
References
[edit]- ^ "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 88th Congress (1963–1965)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 96th Congress (1979–1981)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 99th Congress (1985–1987)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 101st Congress (1989–1991)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 104th Congress (1995–1997)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 105th Congress (1997–1999)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 107th Congress (2001–2003)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ a b "Congress Profiles 109th Congress (2005–2007)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 17, 2015.