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List of power stations in Hawaii

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Sources of Hawaii's utility-scale electricity generation, :full-year 2023[1]

  Petroleum (77%)
  Solar (6.8%)
  Wind (6.8%)
  Geothermal (3.7%)
  Biomass (3%)
  Hydroelectric (0.9%)
  Other (1.9%)
Hawaii electricity production by type

This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Hawaii, sorted by type and name. In 2022, Hawaii had a total summer capacity of 2,906 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 9,337 GWh.[2] The utility-scale electrical energy generation mix in 2023 was 77% petroleum-derived fuels, 6.8% solar, 6.8% wind, 3.7% geothermal, 3% biomass, 0.9% hydroelectric, and 1.9% other.[1] Hawaii's one geothermal plant, which previously supplied about 2% of the state's and 10% of the Big Island's electricity, was offline during 2019 to repair damage from the 2018 lower Puna eruption. The plant came back online in late 2020, slowly ramping up to its full operational level.[3]

Small-scale distributed solar including customer-owned photovoltaic panels delivered an additional 1,409 GWh to the six separate electrical grids serving Hawaii's major islands in 2023.[1] This was more than twice the amount generated by the state's utility-scale photovoltaic plants. Considering large and small installations together, solar produced almost one-fifth of Hawaii's electricity in 2023. In 2021, solar energy accounted for three-fifths of Hawaii's electricity generation by renewables.

The state's renewable portfolio standard is the most ambitious in the U.S. at 30% of capacity by 2020, ramping to 100% by 2045. The large dependence on imported petroleum liquids contributes to Hawaii having the highest average retail electricity prices of any U.S. state.[3] The island of Hawaii generates 52.1% renewable energy and reached a peak of 92.3% on April 25, 2023.[4]

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

Fossil-fuel power stations

[edit]
Kahe Power Plant on Farrington Hwy., Kapolei, Oahu

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[5]

Coal

[edit]

Hawaii closed its last coal-fired power plant in September 2022.[6] AES Hawai‘i was a 180 MW coal-fired power plant.[4]

Petroleum

[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Technology Year
opened		 Refs
Campbell Industrial Park Honolulu County 21°18′09″N 158°06′06″W / 21.3025°N 158.1017°W / 21.3025; -158.1017 (Campbell Industrial Park) 113 Simple cycle[A] 2009
Gay Robinson Kauai County 21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W / 21.9178°N 159.6294°W / 21.9178; -159.6294 (Gay Robinson) 1.0 Reciprocating engine (x2) 2010
Hamakua Energy Plant Hawaii County 20°05′38″N 155°28′16″W / 20.0939°N 155.4711°W / 20.0939; -155.4711 (Hamakua) 66 2x1 combined cycle 2000
Hana Substation Maui County 20°45′57″N 155°59′46″W / 20.7658°N 155.9961°W / 20.7658; -155.9961 (Hana) 2.0 Reciprocating engine (x2) 2001
Hawaii Cogen Honolulu County 21°18′42″N 158°06′50″W / 21.3117°N 158.1139°W / 21.3117; -158.1139 (Hawaii Cogen) 12.2 Simple cycle (x4) 1990/2011
Kahe Honolulu County 21°21′23″N 158°07′44″W / 21.3564°N 158.1289°W / 21.3564; -158.1289 (Kahe) 609.7 Steam turbine (x6) 1963-1981
Kahului Maui County 20°53′49″N 156°27′46″W / 20.8969°N 156.4627°W / 20.8969; -156.4627 (Kahului) 34 Steam turbine (x4) 1954-1966
Kalaeloa Cogen Plant Honolulu County 21°18′08″N 158°05′47″W / 21.3021°N 158.0963°W / 21.3021; -158.0963 (Kalaeloa) 299.4 2x1 combined cycle 1989/1991
Kanoelehua Hawaii County 19°42′19″N 155°03′45″W / 19.7052°N 155.0625°W / 19.7052; -155.0625 (Kanoelehua) 21 Simple cycle,
reciprocating engine		 1962,
1972
Kapaia Power Station
(KIUC)		 Kauai County 21°59′47″N 159°22′33″W / 21.9965°N 159.3758°W / 21.9965; -159.3758 (Kapaia Station) 39.1 Simple cycle[B] 2002 [7][8]
Keahole Hawaii County 19°43′54″N 156°01′42″W / 19.7317°N 156.0283°W / 19.7317; -156.0283 (Keahole) 89.1 Reciprocating engine (x3),
simple cycle,
2x1 combined cycle		 1984/1988,
1989,
2004/2009
Maalaea Maui County 20°48′04″N 156°29′35″W / 20.8012°N 156.4930°W / 20.8012; -156.4930 (Maalaea) 229.8 Reciprocating engine (x15),
2x1 combined cycle (x2)		 1971–1989,
1993/2006
Miki Basin Maui County 20°47′24″N 156°56′03″W / 20.7900°N 156.9342°W / 20.7900; -156.9342 (Miki Basin) 10.2 Reciprocating engine (x8) 1990/1996
Palaau Power Hybrid Maui County 21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W / 21.1060°N 157.0647°W / 21.1060; -157.0647 (Palaau) 14 Reciprocating engine (x9),
simple cycle		 1985–1996,
Port Allen Kauai County 21°53′59″N 159°35′06″W / 21.8996°N 159.5850°W / 21.8996; -159.5850 (Port Allen) 99.5 Reciprocating engine (x9),
steam turbine,
simple cycle (x2)		 1964–1991,
1969,
1973/1977		 [9]
Puna Hawaii County 19°37′54″N 155°01′53″W / 19.6316°N 155.0313°W / 19.6316; -155.0313 (Puna) 39.1 Steam turbine,
simple cycle		 1988,
1992
Tesoro Hawaii Honolulu County 21°18′12″N 158°05′29″W / 21.3033°N 158.0914°W / 21.3033; -158.0914 (Tesoro) 20 Simple cycle 1982
W H Hill Hawaii County 19°42′15″N 155°03′39″W / 19.7041°N 155.0607°W / 19.7041; -155.0607 (W H Hill) 37.1 Reciprocating engine (x3) 1965/1974
Waiau Honolulu County 21°23′20″N 157°57′41″W / 21.3890°N 157.9615°W / 21.3890; -157.9615 (Waiau) 474.6 Steam turbine (x6),
simple cycle (x2)		 1947–1968,
1973
Waimea Hawaii County 20°01′31″N 155°41′44″W / 20.0252°N 155.6955°W / 20.0252; -155.6955 (Waimea) 7.5 Reciprocating engine (x3) 1970/1972

A Campbell burned biomass liquids exclusively from 2011 to 2017, and shifted to primarily burn distillate fuel oil by 2019.[10]
B Kapaia station's GE LM2500 gas turbine primarily burned jet fuel from its commissioning until 2008 and has since shifted to burn a mixture of other petroleum distillates.[11]

Retired

[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Technology Years Refs
Honolulu Oahu County 113 1954-2014 [12][4]
Shipman Hawaii County 15.2 1920s-2015 [4]

Natural gas

[edit]

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants primarily fueled by fossil gas in 2024.

Renewable power stations

[edit]

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[5]

Biomass and municipal waste

[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Primary fuel Technology Year
opened		 Refs
Biomass to Energy Facility, Kauai Kauai County 21°57′55″N 159°27′38″W / 21.9653°N 159.4606°W / 21.9653; -159.4606 (Kauai Biomass) 6.7 Biofuel,
wood		 Reciprocating engine (x2),
steam turbine		 2014,
2016		 [13]
H Power Honolulu County 21°18′00″N 158°05′55″W / 21.3000°N 158.0986°W / 21.3000; -158.0986 (H Power) 97.3 Municipal solid waste
(biogenic and non-biogenic)		 Steam turbine (x2) 1989/2013 [14]
HNL Emergency Power Facility
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport		 Honolulu County 21°20′11″N 157°55′10″W / 21.3364°N 157.9194°W / 21.3364; -157.9194 (HNL EP Facility) 10 Biofuel Reciprocating engine (x4) 2017 [15]
Schofield Generating Station Honolulu County 21°28′43″N 158°03′29″W / 21.4785°N 158.0581°W / 21.4785; -158.0581 (Schofield) 50.4 Biofuel Reciprocating engine (x6) 2018 [16]

Geothermal

[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Technology Year
opened		 Refs
Puna Geothermal Venture I Hawaii County 19°28′44″N 154°53′18″W / 19.4790°N 154.8884°W / 19.4790; -154.8884 (Puna Geothermal) 38 Flash steam cycle (x10),
binary cycle (x2)		 1992,
2012

A The plant was shut down shortly after the start of the May 2018 lower Puna eruption.[17][18] The plant was repaired and back online by late 2020.

Hydroelectric

[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Number of
turbines		 Year
opened		 Refs
Gay Robinson Kauai County 21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W / 21.9178°N 159.6294°W / 21.9178; -159.6294 (Gay Robinson Hydro) 8.7 2 1982/2019
Kaheka Hydro Maui County 20°53′19″N 156°21′25″W / 20.8886°N 156.3569°W / 20.8886; -156.3569 (Kaheka Hydro) 4.5 3 1925
Kalaheo Hydro Kauai County 21°56′10″N 159°31′44″W / 21.9361°N 159.5289°W / 21.9361; -159.5289 (Kalaheo Hydro) 2.0 1 2016
Paia Hydroelectric Plant Maui County 20°53′12″N 156°20′16″W / 20.8867°N 156.3378°W / 20.8867; -156.3378 (Paia Hydro) 1.3 1 1912
Puueo Hawaii County 19°43′35″N 155°05′27″W / 19.7265°N 155.0908°W / 19.7265; -155.0908 (Puueo Hydro) 3.1 2 1918/2005 [19]
Waiau Hydro Hawaii County 19°43′13″N 155°07′08″W / 19.7203°N 155.1189°W / 19.7203; -155.1189 (Waiau Hydro) 1.0 2 1921/1928 [19]
Wailuku River Hydroelectric Hawaii County 19°42′47″N 155°08′55″W / 19.7130°N 155.1486°W / 19.7130; -155.1486 (Wailuku River Hydro) 10.4 2 1993 [19]
Wainiha Hydro Kauai County 22°11′47″N 159°33′22″W / 22.1963°N 159.5561°W / 22.1963; -159.5561 (Wainiha) 3.6 2 1906/2010

Solar photovoltaic

[edit]
See also: Solar power in Hawaii
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MWAC)		 Year
opened		 Refs
Aloha Solar Energy Fund 1 and 2 Honolulu County 21°24′25″N 158°09′05″W / 21.4069°N 158.1514°W / 21.4069; -158.1514 (Aloha Solar) 10 2017
EE Waianae Solar Project Honolulu County 21°27′07″N 158°11′16″W / 21.4520°N 158.1879°W / 21.4520; -158.1879 (EE Waianae Solar) 27.6 2017
Kalaeloa Renewable Energy Park Honolulu County 21°19′41″N 158°02′24″W / 21.3281°N 158.0400°W / 21.3281; -158.0400 (Kalaeloa RE Park) 5.0 2014
Kalaeloa Solar Two Honolulu County 21°19′12″N 158°05′13″W / 21.3200°N 158.0869°W / 21.3200; -158.0869 (Kalaeloa Solar Two) 5.0 2012
Kapaa Photovoltaic Project Kauai County 22°04′49″N 159°19′54″W / 22.0804°N 159.3316°W / 22.0804; -159.3316 (Kapaa PV) 1.0 2010
Kapolei Solar Energy Park Honolulu County 21°19′16″N 158°07′03″W / 21.3211°N 158.1175°W / 21.3211; -158.1175 (Kapolei Solar) 1.0 2012
Kawailoa Solar Honolulu County 21°37′26″N 158°03′18″W / 21.6240°N 158.0550°W / 21.6240; -158.0550 (Kawailoa Solar) 49 2019
Kekaha Solar Kauai County 22°00′02″N 159°45′44″W / 22.0006°N 159.7621°W / 22.0006; -159.7621 (Kekaha Solar) 14 2019
Kihei Solar Farm Maui County 20°47′37″N 156°26′02″W / 20.7937°N 156.4339°W / 20.7937; -156.4339 (Kihei Solar) 2.9 2018
KIUC Kapaia PV Kauai County 21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W / 21.9973°N 159.3792°W / 21.9973; -159.3792 (KIUC Kapaia PV) 13 2017 [20]
KRS I Anahola Solar Hybrid Kauai County 22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W / 22.1317°N 159.3031°W / 22.1317; -159.3031 (KRS I Anahola Solar) 12 2015 [21]
KRS II Koloa Solar Kauai County 21°54′03″N 159°27′00″W / 21.9008°N 159.4500°W / 21.9008; -159.4500 (KRS II Koloa Solar) 12 2014
Ku'ia Solar Maui County 20°53′10″N 156°39′28″W / 20.8860°N 156.6579°W / 20.8860; -156.6579 (Ku'ia Solar) 2.9 2018 [4]
Kuihelani Solar Maui County 60 2024 [22]
Kūpono Solar Honolulu County 42 2024
Lanai Solar-Electric Plant Maui County 20°46′00″N 156°55′24″W / 20.7667°N 156.9233°W / 20.7667; -156.9233 (Lanai Solar) 1.2 2008
Lanikuhana Solar LLC Honolulu County 21°25′43″N 158°01′25″W / 21.4287°N 158.0236°W / 21.4287; -158.0236 (Lanikuhana Solar) 14.7 2019
Lawai Solar Hybrid Kauai County 21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W / 21.9082°N 159.4920°W / 21.9082; -159.4920 (Lawai Solar) 20 2018 [23]
Mauka FIT 1 Honolulu County 3.5 2020
Mililani Solar I Honolulu County 39 2022 [24][25]
Pearl City Peninsula Solar Park Honolulu County 21°22′32″N 157°58′05″W / 21.3756°N 157.9681°W / 21.3756; -157.9681 (Pearl City Peninsula Solar) 1.0 2012
Port Allen Solar Kauai County 21°54′07″N 159°34′54″W / 21.9019°N 159.5817°W / 21.9019; -159.5817 (Port Allen Solar) 6.0 2012
Waihonu North Solar Honolulu County 21°28′14″N 158°00′48″W / 21.4706°N 158.0133°W / 21.4706; -158.0133 (Waihonu North Solar) 5.0 2016
Waihonu South Solar Honolulu County 21°28′08″N 158°00′59″W / 21.4689°N 158.0164°W / 21.4689; -158.0164 (Wihonu South Solar) 1.5 2016
Waikoloa Solar + Storage Hawaii County 30 2023 [26][27]
Waipio Solar Honolulu County 21°27′22″N 157°58′55″W / 21.4560°N 157.9820°W / 21.4560; -157.9820 (Waipio Solar) 49.9 2019
Waiawa Solar Honolulu County 36 2023
West Loch Solar One Honolulu County 21°20′25″N 158°00′54″W / 21.3403°N 158.0151°W / 21.3403; -158.0151 (West Loch Solar One) 20 2019

Wind

[edit]
See also: Wind power in Hawaii
Wind power in Hawaii
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Number of
turbines		 Year
opened		 Refs
Auwahi Wind Energy Hybrid Maui County 20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W / 20.5960°N 156.3180°W / 20.5960; -156.3180 (Auwahi Wind) 24 8 2012
Hawi Wind Farm Hawaii County 20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W / 20.2573°N 155.8504°W / 20.2573; -155.8504 (Hawi Wind) 10.6 16 2006
Kaheawa Wind Power Maui County 20°48′51″N 156°33′04″W / 20.8142°N 156.5510°W / 20.8142; -156.5510 (Kaheawa Pastures Wind) 30 20 2006
Kaheawa Wind Power II Maui County 20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W / 20.7947°N 156.5360°W / 20.7947; -156.5360 (Kaheawa Wind) 21 14 2012
Kahuku Wind Power Honolulu County 21°40′52″N 157°58′30″W / 21.6810°N 157.9750°W / 21.6810; -157.9750 (Kahuku Wind) 30 12 2011
Kawailoa Wind Honolulu County 21°36′37″N 158°02′27″W / 21.6103°N 158.0408°W / 21.6103; -158.0408 (Kawailoa Wind) 69 30 2012
Lalamilo Wells Hawaii County 3.3 5 2017 [28]
Nā Pua Makani Honolulu County

21°40′19″N 157°57′08″W / 21.67187°N 157.95225°W / 21.67187; -157.95225 (Nā Pua Makani)

24 8 2021 [29]
Pakini Nui Wind Farm Hawaii County 18°58′27″N 155°41′29″W / 18.9742°N 155.6914°W / 18.9742; -155.6914 (Pakini Nui Wind) 21 14 2007

Nuclear power stations

[edit]

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants fueled by fissile material in 2024.

Battery storage facilities

[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Discharge
capacity
(MW)		 Storage
capacity[A]
(MWh)		 Year
opened		 Refs
Anahola Solar Hybrid Kauai County 22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W / 22.1317°N 159.3031°W / 22.1317; -159.3031 (Anahola Solar BESS) 6 4.6 2015 [21]
Auwahi Wind Storage
(A123 BESS)		 Maui County 20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W / 20.5960°N 156.3180°W / 20.5960; -156.3180 (Auwahi Wind BESS) 11 4.4 2012 [30]
Campbell Industrial Park BESS Honolulu County
(Kapolei)		 21°18′23″N 158°06′18″W / 21.3064°N 158.1050°W / 21.3064; -158.1050 (Campbell BESS) 1.0 0.25 2016 [31]
Hawi Wind BESS Hawaii County 20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W / 20.2573°N 155.8504°W / 20.2573; -155.8504 (Hawi Wind BESS) 1.0 0.25 2012
Kaheawa Wind II Storage Maui County 20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W / 20.7947°N 156.5360°W / 20.7947; -156.5360 (Kaheawa Wind BESS) 10 20 2012
Kapolei Energy Storage Honolulu County 185 565 2023 [32]
KIUC Kapaia PV Storage
(Tesla BESS)		 Kauai County 21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W / 21.9973°N 159.3792°W / 21.9973; -159.3792 (Kapaia PV Storage) 13 52 2017 [20]
Kūpono Solar Storage Honolulu County 168 2024 [4]
Kuihelani Solar Storage Maui County 240 2024 [22]
Lawai Solar Storage
(AES Lawai Solar Hybrid)		 Kauai County 21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W / 21.9082°N 159.4920°W / 21.9082; -159.4920 (Lawai Solar Storage) 20 100 2018 [23]
Palaau Power Hybrid
(Molokaii BESS)		 Maui County 21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W / 21.1060°N 157.0647°W / 21.1060; -157.0647 (Palaau Storage) 2.0 0.375 2017 [33]
Waiawa Solar Storage Honolulu County 36 144 2023 [34]
Waikoloa Solar + Storage Hawaii County 30 120 2023 [35]

A Battery storage power stations stabilize an electrical grid against fluctuations in solar and wind generation for periods extending from less than a minute to as long as several hours.[36]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Hawaii, Fuel Type-Check all, Annual, 2001–23". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
  2. ^ "Hawaii Electricity Profile". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2021-01-03.
  3. ^ a b "Hawaii Electricity Profile Analysis". U.S. EIA. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Power Facts, Hawaii Electric, March 2024
  5. ^ a b Energy Information Administration (15 September 2020). "Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (EIA-860A/860B)". eia.gov. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020.
  6. ^ Jones, Caleb (September 1, 2022). "Hawaii quits coal in bid to fight climate change". Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  7. ^ "Kapaia Power Station". ostg.com. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  8. ^ "Kapaia Power Station Oil Plant". Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  9. ^ "Port Allen Oil Power Plant". IndustryAbout. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  10. ^ "Campbell Industrial Park". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  11. ^ "Kapaia Power Station". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  12. ^ Hawaiian Electric to deactivate Honolulu Power Plant, Hawaii News Now, September 3, 2013
  13. ^ "Firing up biomass facility". thegardenisland.com. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  14. ^ "Reworld Honolulu". Reworld. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
  15. ^ "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Emergency Power Facility In Full Operation". Hawaii.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  16. ^ "Hawaiian Electric, U.S. Army announce completion of Schofield Generating Station". Hawaiian Electric Company. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  17. ^ "Lava speeds up, forcing evacuations and covering well at Puna Geothermal plant". Star Advertiser. May 27, 2018.
  18. ^ "Puna Geothermal Venture faces challenges amid uncertainty". Star Advertiser. July 8, 2018.
  19. ^ a b c "Hydroelectricity". www.hawaiianelectric.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  20. ^ a b "Tesla built a huge solar energy plant on the island of Kauai". theverge.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  21. ^ a b "Kauai utility to start work on $54M Anahola solar farm this spring". bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  22. ^ a b AES Hawai‘i begins operations of the state’s largest solar facility, Honolulu Star Advertiser, June 10, 2024
  23. ^ a b "AES Completes Record-Breaking Solar and Battery Plant on Kauai". greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  24. ^ Hill, Joshua S (1 April 2019). "Hawaii approves six low-priced solar and battery storage projects". RenewEconomy. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  25. ^ Clearway completes 39-MW solar, 156-MWh storage project on O’ahu, Solar Power World, Kelly Pickerel, August 11, 2022
  26. ^ "First large-scale solar farm on Hawaiʻi Island now activated". Hawai'i Public Radio. 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  27. ^ "Waikoloa Solar + Storage Project". AES. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  28. ^ "California company plans to build $13M wind farm on Hawaii's Big Island". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  29. ^ "Nā Pua Makani". www.aes-hawaii.com. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  30. ^ "Auwahi Wind" (PDF). Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2019-05-01.
  31. ^ Robert Walton (2016-09-28). "In pursuit of 100% renewables, HECO installs 1st utility-scale battery on Oahu". Utility Dive.
  32. ^ Pioneering 565-MWh battery storage facility now online in Hawai’i, Plus Power says, Utility Dive, January 16, 2024
  33. ^ "$3.1M Battery Proposed for Power Plant". themolokaidispatch.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  34. ^ New central Oʻahu solar and battery farm said to benefit 7,600 homes, Hawaiʻi Public Radio, January 13, 2023
  35. ^ AES Corp.’s Waikoloa Solar + Storage Project online, Hawaii Electric, May 1, 2023
  36. ^ "Grid Modernization". Hawaii State Energy Office. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
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