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Madhubala
File:Madhubala profile.jpg
Madhubala in Dulari (1949)
Born
Mumtaz Jehan Dehlavi

(1933-02-14)14 February 1933
Delhi,[1] British India
Died23 February 1969(1969-02-23) (aged 36)
Mumbai, India
NationalityIndian
OccupationActress
Years active1942–1960
SpouseKishore Kumar 1960-1969 (Her death)

Madhubala (14 February 1933 – 23 February 1969) (real name Mumtaz Jehan Dehlavi) was an Indian film actress who appeared in classic films of Hindi Cinema.[2][3] She was active between 1942 and 1960. Along with her contemporaries Nargis and Meena Kumari, she is often regarded as one of the most influential personalities of Hindi cinema.[4] She is also considered to be one of the most beautiful actresses to have worked in the industry.[5][6]

Often regarded as the "Marilyn Monroe of Bollywood", Madhubala received wide recognition for her performances in films like Mahal (1949), Amar (1954), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (1955), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Mughal-e-Azam (1960) and Barsaat Ki Raat (1960). Madhubala's performance in Mughal-e-Azam established her as an iconic actress of Hindi Cinema. Her last film, Jwala, although shot in the 1950s, was released in 1971. Madhubala died on 23 February 1969 after a prolonged illness.

Early life

Madhubala was born Mumtaz Jehan Dehlavi,[7] on 14 February 1933 in Delhi, British India.[1] She was a native Pashto-speaker.[8] Her father was Attaullah Khan, a Yusufzai[1] Pashtun from the Swabi District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in British India (present-day Pakistan), and her mother was Ayesha Begum.[9] She belonged to an orthodox middle-class family[10] and was the fifth of eleven children. After her father lost his job at the Imperial Tobacco Company in Peshawar,[11] he relocated to Delhi followed by Mumbai. There, the family endured many hardships. Madhubala's three sisters and two brothers died at the age of five and six. The dock explosion and fire of April 14, 1944 wiped out their small home. The family survived only because they had gone to see a film at a local theater.[12] With his six remaining daughters to provide for, Khan, and the young Madhubala, began to pay frequent visits to Bombay film studios to look for work. At the age of 9, this was Madhubala's introduction to the movie industry, which would provide financial help to her family.[9] Madhubala married Kishore Kumar, who converted to Islam and took up the name Karim Abdul, until her death in 1969.[13]

Early career

Madhubala's first movie, Basant (1942), was a box-office success.[14] She acted as the daughter to a mother played by actress Mumtaz Shanti. As a child actress she went on to play in several movies. Actress Devika Rani was impressed by her performance and potential, and advised her to assume the screen name 'Madhubala',[10] literally meaning "honey belle". Her first lead role, at the age of 14, was with producer Kidar Sharma when he cast her opposite Raj Kapoor in Neel Kamal (1947).[14] This was the last film in which she was credited as Mumtaz before assuming her screen name 'Madhubala'. She achieved stardom and popularity in 1949 when she was cast as the lead in Bombay Talkies studio's Mahal – a role intended for well-known star Suraiya. Madhubala, with established actresses, screen-tested for the role before she was selected by the film's director Kamal Amrohi. The film was the third largest hit at the 1949 Indian box office. Following the success of Mahal, Madhubala appeared in the box office hits Dulari (1949), Beqasoor (1950), Tarana (1951) and Badal (1951).

Hollywood interest

In the early 1950s, as Madhubala became one of the most sought-after actresses in India, she attracted interest from Hollywood. She appeared in the American magazine Theatre Arts where, in its August 1952 issue, she was featured in an article with a full page photograph under the title: "The Biggest Star in the World - and she's not in Beverly Hills". The article described Madhubala's immense popularity in India, and explored her wide appeal and large fan base. It also speculated on her potential international success.[12] Academy Award winner American director Frank Capra, while visiting Bombay for International Film Festival of India, was keen to give her a break in Hollywood, but her father Ataullah Khan declined.[15]

Stardom

Madhubala's co-stars Ashok Kumar, Raj Kapoor, Rehman, Pradeep Kumar, Shammi Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Sunil Dutt and Dev Anand were the most popular of the period. She also appeared with Kamini Kaushal, Suraiya, Geeta Bali, Nalini Jaywant, Shyama and Nimmi, notable leading ladies. The directors she worked with, Mehboob Khan (Amar), Guru Dutt (Mr. & Mrs. '55), Kamal Amrohi (Mahal) and K. Asif (Mughal-e-Azam), were amongst the most prolific and respected. Madhubala also became a producer with the film Naata (1955), in which she also acted.[16]

During the 1950s, Madhubala took starring roles in almost every genre of film being made at the time. Her 1950 film Hanste Aansoo was the first ever Hindi film to get an "A" – adults only – rating from the Central Board of Film Certification.[17] She was the archetypal fair lady in the swashbuckler Badal (1951), and following this, an uninhibited village beauty in Tarana (1951). She played the traditional ideal of Indian womanhood in Sangdil (1952), and produced a comic performance as the spoilt heiress, Anita, in Guru Dutt's satire Mr. & Mrs. '55 (1955). In 1956, she acted in costume dramas such as Shirin-Farhad and Raj-Hath, and played a double role in the social drama Kal Hamara Hai (1959). In the mid-1950s, her films including the major ones like Mehboob Khan's Amar (1954) did not do well commercially.[18] However, she bounced back between 1958 and 1960 when she starred in a series of hit films. These include Howrah Bridge, opposite Ashok Kumar where she played the role of an Anglo-Indian Cabaret singer involved in Calcutta's Chinatown underworld. In the song Aaiye Meherebaan from this film, she lip-synced a torch song dubbed by Asha Bhosle which has remained popular to this day. Among other successful films, she played opposite Bharat Bhushan in Phagun; Dev Anand in Kala Pani; Kishore Kumar in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi; and Bharat Bushan again in Barsaat Ki Raat (1960). Then in 1960, she appeared in the magnum opus Mughal-e-Azam.

Madhubala acted in as many as seventy films from 1947 to 1964, and only fifteen of which were box office successes.[18] Dilip Kumar regrets that "(h)ad she lived, and had she selected her films with more care, she would have been far superior to her contemporaries ..."[19] Kumar also points out that "actresses those days faced a lot of difficulties and constraints in their career. Unable to assert themselves too much, they fell back on their families who became their caretakers and defined everything for them."[20]

Mughal-e-Azam and later work

It was the film Mughal-e-Azam that marked what many consider to be Madhubala's greatest and definitive characterization, as the doomed courtesan, Anarkali. Although the film took nine years to complete, it was not until 1953 when Madhubala was finally chosen to play the role. Bunny Reuben in his Book Dilip Kumar: Star Legend of Indian Cinema claimed that Dilip Kumar's role was instrumental behind this selection.[21] Mughal-e-Azam gave Madhubala the opportunity of fulfilling herself totally as an actress, for it was a role that all actresses dream of playing as Nimmi acknowledges that "as an actress, one gets a lot of roles, there is no shortage of them, but there isn’t always good scope for acting. With Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala showed the world just what she could do."[22]

File:Mohe Panghat Pe Mughal-e-Azam.jpg
Madhubala in Mughal-e-Azam

However, by the late 1950s, her health was deteriorating fast, and Director K. Asif, probably unaware of the extent of Madhubala's illness, required long shooting schedules that made physical demands on her, whether it was posing as a veiled statue in suffocating make-up for hours under the studio lights or being shackled with heavy chains. It was also a time when Madhubala's relationship with Dilip Kumar was fading out, and "the lives of Madhubala and her screen character are consistently seen as overlapping, it is because of the overwhelming sense of loss and tragedy and the unrelenting diktat of destiny that clung to both and which neither could escape".[23]

Mughal-e-Azam was released on 5 August 1960, and became the biggest grossing film at that time, a record that went unbroken for 15 years until the release of the film Sholay in 1975. It still ranks second in the list of all time box-office hits of Indian cinema. Madhubhala was nominated for a Filmfare Award for her performance in Mughal-e-Azam.

In 1960 Madhubala was at the peak of her career and popularity with the release of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat. She did have intermittent releases in the early 1960s. Some of these, like Jhumroo (1961), Half Ticket (1962) and Sharabi (1964), performed above average at the box-office. However, most of her other films released during this time were marred by her absence and subsequent lack of completion due to her prolonged illness. These films suffer from compromised editing, and in some cases the use of "doubles" in an attempt to patch-in scenes that Madhubala was unable to shoot.[24] Her last released film Jwala, although filmed in the late 1950s, was not issued until 1971.

Personal life and controversies

In their 1962 book Self-Portrait, Harish Booch and Karing Doyle commented that "unlike other stars, Madhubala prefers a veiled secrecy around her and is seldom seen in social gatherings or public functions" (p. 76), and went on to say that "(c)ontrary to general belief, Madhubala is rather simple and unassuming" (p. 78).[10][25] This is echoed in Madhubala's sister's interview with the Filmfare: "(Madhubala) became a craze because she was never seen in public. She wasn’t allowed to attend any function, any premiere. She had no friends. But she never resisted, she was obedient. Being protective, my father earned the reputation of being domineering".[26] Dilip Kumar added, "She was extremely popular ... and I think the only star for whom people thronged outside the gates. Very often when shooting was over, there’d be a vast crowd standing at the gates just to have a look at Madhu ... It wasn’t so for anyone else. That was her personal effect on fans. Her personality was vivacious."[27] But, "she was aware of her beauty," reminisces B. K. Karanjia, former Filmfare editor and a close friend of both Madhubala and her father, "and because there were so many in love with her, she used to play one against the other. But it was out of innocence rather than shrewd calculation."[28] Dev Anand recalled in a similar way: "(s)he liked to flirt innocently and was great fun."[29][30] However, with Dilip Kumar she had a long association.

Dilip Kumar and Madhubala first met on the set of Jwar Bhata (1944), and worked together again on the film Har Singaar (1949), which was shelved. Their relationship began two years later during the filming of Tarana (1951). They became a romantic pair appearing in a total of four films together. Actor Shammi Kapoor recalled that "Dilip Kumar would drive down from Bombay to meet Madhubala ... she was committed to Dilip ... he even flew to Bombay to spend Eid with her, taking time off from his shooting stint ..."[31] "They even got engaged", said Madhubala's sister.[26] But, Madhubala's father Ataullah Khan did not give them permission to marry.[32] Dilip Kumar said, "She was a very, very obedient daughter",[33] and who, in spite of the success, fame and wealth, submitted to the domination of her father and more often than not paid for his mistakes.[34] "This inability to leave her family was her greatest drawback", believed Shammi Kapoor, "for it had to be done at some time."[35] The Naya Daur (1957 film) court case happened in 1956 when Dilip Kumar testified against Madhubala and her father in favor of the director B.R. Chopra in open court. This struck a fatal blow to the Dilip-Madhubala relationship as it ended any chance of reconciliation between Dilip Kumar and Madhubala'a father.[36] Reflecting on this, while Dilip Kumar said he was "trapped",[37] Shammi Kapoor felt "this was something which went beyond him (Dilip) and he couldn’t control the whole situation ..." [38] However, Madhubala's sister Madhur Bhushan claimed that "(Madhubala) said she would marry him (Dilip), provided he apologised to her father. He refused, so Madhubala left him. That one 'sorry' could have changed her life."[39]

Madhubala married Kishore Kumar in 1960 after Kishore Kumar converted to Islam and took up the name Karim Abdul,[40] and according to Leena Chandavarkar (Kishore's fourth wife): "When she realized Dilip was not going to marry her, on the rebound and just to prove to him that she could get whomsoever she wanted, she went and married a man she did not even know properly."[41] B. K. Karanjia assumed that "Madhubala may have felt that perhaps this was her best chance" because by this time she became seriously ill, and was about to stop working completely; however, he added that "it was a most unlikely union, and not a happy one either." [42] Madhubala’s illness was known to Kishore, but like all the others, he did not realize its gravity; Ataullah Khan did not approve of his son-in-law at all, but he had lost the courage to disapprove.[43] Ashok Kumar reminisced in a Filmfare interview: "She suffered a lot and her illness made her very bad-tempered. She often fought with Kishore, and would take off to her father's house where she spent most of her time."[44] Madhubala's sister echoes this view albeit in a slightly different tone: "After marriage they flew to London where the doctor told her she had only two years to live. After that Kishore left her at our house saying, ‘I can’t look after her. I’m on outdoors often’. But she wanted to be with him. He’d visit her once in two months though. Maybe he wanted to detach himself from her so that the final separation wouldn’t hurt. But he never abused her as was reported. He bore her medical expenses. They remained married for nine years."[26]

However, Madhubala's love-life continued to be the subject of media speculation. Mohan Deep wrote an unofficial biography of Madhubala titled Mystery and Mystique of Madhubala, published in 1996, where he claims that Kishore Kumar regularly whipped Madhubala, who would show her lashes to Shakti Samanta.[45] Mohan Deep also questions whether Madhubala was really ill or whether her ailing was a fiction.[46] Shammi Kapoor, a long-term colleague of Madhubala, refuted Mohan Deep's claims, which he described as being "in bad taste". Paidi Jairaj, and Shakti Samanta, both of whom worked with Madhubala, rejected Deep's biography emphasizing the glaring difference between fact and fiction, and film journalist M.S.M. Desai, who had worked as a journalist on Madhubala's sets, questioned Deep's method of research saying, "Mohan Deep was not around at the time of Madhubala, so how is he capable of writing about her without resorting to hearsay?"[47]

Final years and death

File:Prithviraj Kapoor visiting the grave of Madhubala.jpg
Prithviraj Kapoor visiting the grave of Madhubala in 1969

Madhubala had ventricular septal defect (a hole in her heart) which was detected while she was shooting for Bahut Din Huwe in Madras in 1954.[48] By 1960, her condition aggravated, and her sister explains that "due to her ailment, her body would produce extra blood. So it would spill out from the nose and mouth. The doctor would come home and extract bottles of blood. She also suffered from pulmonary pressure of the lungs. She coughed all the time. Every four to five hours she had to be given oxygen or else would get breathless. She was confined to bed for nine years and was reduced to just bones and skin".[26] In 1966, with a slight improvement in her health, she made a valiant attempt to complete her work in Chalak opposite Raj Kapoor, which needed only a short spell of shooting, but she could not even survive that strain.[49] When acting was no longer an option Madhubala turned her attention to film direction. In 1969 she was set to make her directorial debut with the film Farz aur Ishq. However the film was never made as during pre-production, she died on February 23, 1969, shortly after her 36th birthday. Her tomb was built with marble and inscriptions included aayats from the Quran and verse dedications. Controversially, her tomb was demolished in 2010 to make space for new graves.[50]

Madhubala's strong presence in the public memory has been evidenced by all recent polls about top actresses or beauties of the Indian cinema.[51][52][53] Every year, on her birthday, numerous articles are printed and television programmes aired to commemorate her, to the present day. Her posters are still in demand and sold alongside contemporary actresses, and modern magazines continue to publish stories on her personal life and career, often promoting her name heavily on the covers to attract sales.[54] Many believe, however, Madhubala remains one of the most underrated actresses as "her beauty attracted more attention than her talent."[55]

In 2004, a digitally-colorized version of the original Mughal-e-Azam was released, 35 years after her death. In 2012, her 1962 release Half Ticket was also remastered, digitally coloured and re-released.

On March 18, 2008, a commemorative postage stamp featuring Madhubala was issued.[56] The stamp was produced by India Post in a limited edition presentation pack. It was launched by veteran actors Nimmi and Manoj Kumar in a ceremony attended by colleagues, friends and surviving members of Madhubala's family. The only other Indian film actress that was honoured in this manner was Nargis Dutt, at that point of time.[57]

Filmography

Year Film Director Notes
1942 Basant Amiya Chakravarty as Manju; credited as Baby Mumtaz
1944 Mumtaz Mahal Kidar Sharma as a child artiste
1945 Dhanna Bhagat Kidar Sharma as a child artiste
1946 Pujari Aspi as a child artiste
1946 Phoolwari Chaturbhuj Doshi as a child artiste
1946 Rajputani Aspi as a child artiste
1947 Neel Kamal (1947 film) Kidar Sharma First film as a heroine
1947 Chittar Vijay Mohan Sinha
1947 Mere Bhagwan Mohan Sinha
1947 Khubsoorat Duniya Mohan Sinha
1947 Dil-Ki-Rani Mohan Sinha as Raj Kumari Singh
1948 Parai Aag Najm Naqvi
1948 Lal Dupatta K.B.Lall
1948 Desh Sewa N.Vakil
1948 Amar Prem N.M.Kelkar
1949 Sipahiya Aspi
1949 Singaar J.K.Nanda
1949 Paras Anant Thakur as Priya
1949 Neki Aur Badi Kidar Sharma
1949 Mahal Kamal Amrohi as Kamini
1949 Imtihaan Mohan Sinha
1949 Dulari A. R. Kardar as Shobha/Dulari
1949 Daulat Sohrab Modi
1949 Aparadhi Y.Pethkar as Sheela Rani
1950 Pardes M.Sadiq as Chanda
1950 Nishana Wajahat Mirza as Greta
1950 Nirala Devendra Mukherjee as Poonam
1950 Madhubala Prahlad Dutt
1950 Hanste Aansoo K.B.Lall
1950 Beqasoor K. Amarnath as Usha
1951 Tarana Ram Daryani as Tarana
1951 Saiyan M. Sadiq as Saiyan
1951 Nazneen N.K.Ziree
1951 Nadaan Hira Singh
1951 Khazana M.Sadiq
1951 Badal Amiya Chakravarty as Ratna
1951 Aaram D. D. Kashyap as Leela
1952 Saqi H. S. Rawail as Rukhsana
1952 Deshabakthan Amiya Chakrabarty
1952 Sangdil R. C. Talwar
1953 Rail Ka Dibba P. N. Arora as Chanda
1953 Armaan Fali Mistry
1954 Bahut Din Huye S.S.Vasan as Chandrakanta
1954 Amar Mehboob Khan as Anju
1955 Teerandaz H.S.Rawail
1955 Naqab Lekhraj Bhakri
1955 Naata D. N. Madhok as Tara
1955 Mr. & Mrs. '55 Guru Dutt as Anita Verma
1956 Shirin Farhad Aspi Irani as Shirin
1956 Raj Hath Sohrab Modi as Raja Beti/Rajkumari
1956 Dhake Ki Malmal J.K.Nanda
1957 Yahudi Ki Ladki S.D. Narang
1957 Gateway of India Om Prakash as Anju
1957 Ek Saal Devendra Goel as Usha Sinha
1958 Police Kali Das
1958 Phagun Bibhuti Mitra as Banani
1958 Kala Pani Raj Khosla as Asha
1958 Howrah Bridge Shakti Samanta as Edna
1958 Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi Satyen Bose as Renu
1958 Baghi Sipahi Bhagwandas Varma
1959 Kal Hamara Hai S.K.Prabhakar as Madhu/Bela
1959 Insaan Jaag Utha Shakti Samanta as Gauri
1959 Do Ustad (1959) Tara Harish as Madhu Sharma
1960 Mehlon Ke Khwab Hyder as Asha
1960 Jaali Note Shakti Samanta as Renu/Beena
1960 Barsaat Ki Raat P.L.Santoshi as Shabnam
1960 Mughal-e-Azam K.Asif as Anarkali; Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
1961 Passport Pramod Chakravorty as Rita Bhagwandas
1961 Jhumroo Shankar Mukherji as Anjana
1961 Boy Friend Naresh Saigal as Sangeeta
1962 Half Ticket Kali Das as Rajnidevi/Asha
1964 Sharabi Raj Rishi as Kamala

References

  1. ^ a b c "Peshawar's contribution to subcontinent's cinema highlighted". The News International. 25 November 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2014. The publication devoted 12 pages to the beauty queen of the Indian cinema, Madhubala, who was born as Mumtaz Jehan in Delhi on February 14, 1933 to Attaullah Khan, a Yusufzai Pakhtun, thus of Afghan origin, from what is now the Maneri area of Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. According to the author, Attaullah Khan first moved to Peshawar from Swabi, where he worked at a tobacco company, but later shifted to Delhi. He married Ayesha Begum, and Mumtaz Jehan, later to be known as Madhubala, was born there. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ Booch, Harish and Doyle, Karing.(1962). Self-Portrait. Bombay: Jai Gujerat Press. pp.75-78.
  3. ^ Lanba, Urmila. (2012). Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema (Patel, B, ed.). pp.114-128.
  4. ^ Gangadhar, V. (17 August 2007). "They now save for the rainy day". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  5. ^ Dhawan, M.L. (6 April 2008). "Mark of Madhubala". The Tribune (Chandigarh). Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  6. ^ Bhagat, Rasheeda (31 May 2011). "Madhubala's timeless beauty". Business Line. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  7. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 432-433). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  8. ^ "Madhubala: From Peshawar with love ..." Dawn. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ a b Lanba, Urmila. (2012). Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema (Patel, B, ed.). p.115.
  10. ^ a b c Patel, B. (1952). Stars of the Indian Screen. Bombay: Parker & Sons.
  11. ^ "Why Dilip Kumar never married Madhubala", Rediff News. Retrieved 19 April 2013
  12. ^ a b Cert, David: "The Biggest Star in the World - and she's not in Beverly Hills", Theatre Arts (August 1952)
  13. ^ [businessofcinema.com/bollywood_news/depth-kishore-kumar-s-four-marriages/163758 In depth: Kishore Kumar ‘s Four Marriages] {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
  14. ^ a b "Madhubala", Upperstall.com. Retrieved 19 April 2013
  15. ^ Karanjia, B.K. (2005). Counting My Blessings. New Delhi: Penguin. p. 246-47
  16. ^ "Madhubala: A sweet seduction". Rediff.com. October 2002. Retrieved 2 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Maine sapna jo dekha hai raat", Atulsongaday.me (31 March 2013)
  18. ^ a b Lanba, Urmila. (2012). Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema (Patel, B, ed.). p.116.
  19. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 1478-1479). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  20. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 1472-1473). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  21. ^ Reuben, Bunny (2004). Dilip Kumar: Star Legend of Indian Cinema. Delhi: Harper Collins
  22. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 1811-1812). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  23. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2200-2202). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  24. ^ Filmfare, May 13–26, 1977, p. 41.
  25. ^ Booch, H. & Doyle, K. (1962). Star Portrait. Bombay:Jai Gujerat Press
  26. ^ a b c d http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/madhubala-was-sad-when-dilip-kumar-got-married--madhur-bhushan-3309.html
  27. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 804-806). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  28. ^ http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?201689
  29. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 1370-1371). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  30. ^ Lanba, Urmila. (2012). Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema (Patel, B, ed.). p. 121
  31. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2506-2510)
  32. ^ Karanjia, B. K. (2005). Counting My Blessings. New Delhi: Harper Collins. pp. 246
  33. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2551-2552). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  34. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 721-722). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  35. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Location 2555). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  36. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Location 1164-1178). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  37. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Location 1157). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  38. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2764-2765). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  39. ^ http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/25sd1.htm
  40. ^ Kishore Kumar, First Post
  41. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2692-2696). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  42. ^ Karanjia, B.K. (2005). Counting My Blessings. New Delhi: Penguin. p. 246
  43. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2706-2708). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  44. ^ Filmfare, November, 1992. p.71
  45. ^ Deep, Mohan (1996)The mystery and mystique of Madhubala, p. 109.
  46. ^ Deep, Mohan (1996)The mystery and mystique of Madhubala.
  47. ^ "It's in Bad Taste", Outlookindia.com. Retrieved 14 April 2012
  48. ^ Filmfare, August 30, 1957, p. 7
  49. ^ Akbar, Khatija (2011). I Want to Live: The Story of Madhubala (Kindle Locations 2754-2755). Hay House. Kindle Edition.
  50. ^ Jaisinghani, Bella (11 February 2010). "Rafi, Madhubala don't rest in peace here". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 February 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. ^ http://www.filmfare.com/features/poll-most-popular-actress-3003-5.html#descArticle
  52. ^ "Bollywood's best actresses. Ever. (Wet, wild and on the run, honey)". Rediff.com. Retrieved 2 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. ^ Lanba, Urmila. (2012). Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema (Patel, B, ed.). p. 126.
  54. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/happy-birthday-madhubala/911991/
  55. ^ Lanba, Urmila. (2012). Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema (Patel, B, ed.). p.118.
  56. ^ Bhagria, Anupam (18 May 2008). "Postal stamp released on the legendary Madhubala". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  57. ^ Mihir, Trivedi (19 March 2008). "Postal Dept. stamps yesteryear star Madhubala". IBN Live. Retrieved 2 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

Further reading

  • Akbar, Khatija (1997). Madhubala: her life, her films. UBS Publishers Distributors. ISBN 978-81-7476-153-8.
  • Akbar, M. J. Sunday Magazine, 5 Aug 1996
  • Bajaj, Rajiv K. (ed.). The Daily, 26 May 1996
  • Deep, Mohan. Madhubala: The Mystery and Mystique, Magna Publishing Co. Ltd.
  • Joshi, Meera. Madhubala: Tears in Heaven Filmfare, 14 May 2008
  • Karanjia, B.K. Dates with Diva, Deccan Chronicle, 17 December 2006
  • Raheja, Dinesh. The Hundred Luminaries of Hindi Cinema, India Book House Publishers
  • Reuben, Bunny. Follywood Flashback, Indus publishers
  • Singh, Khushwant. Sunday Observer 23–29 June 1996
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  • Cort, David. Theatre Arts magazine, Issue Date: August 1952; Vol. XXXVI No. 8
  • Kamath M.V. The Daily, June 1996
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