Mangifera caesia
| Mangifera caesia | |
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| Species: | M. caesia
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| Binomial name | |
| Mangifera caesia Jack ex Wall.
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Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Common names include jack, white mango, binjai (Malay language), wani (Balinese language), yaa-lam (Thai language), bayuno (Filipino language) and mangga wani (Cebuano language). It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea, Kerala and the Philippines.
Plant description
These are restricted to lowlands about 400m to 800m, requires rainfall. It is found rare in forests and abundant in marshy places. Grows up to 30 m (98 ft) tall with a dense crown of round-shaped leaves. The flowers are purple or pink, 0.7 cm long with five sepals. The fruit is a large, edible, elliptical drupe 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 6–8 cm (2.5–3 in) wide. The skin is thin and brown with darker patches, and the flesh is yellow-white, mushy, and strongly odorous with an acid-sweet or sour taste. The binjai is believed to originate from the island of Borneo, but is commonly grown elsewhere for its edible fruit. The tree is one of the most common and valuable Mangifera species in western Malaysia, where it is cultivated extensively in orchards. It is also widely grown in Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo.
Reproduction
This tree produces thousand of fruits, ripening three months after anthesis. The fruit matures during the rainy season, this is a deciduous, stands erect and bare before shedding large bud scales that envelops twigs and inflorscence.
Propagation method
It is propagated from seeds. Grafting on the seedling stock is also possible through inarching potted rootstocks onto twigs of mother trees. The mature tree requires abundant space, about 12m to 16m in either direction.[1]
Used in dishes
The fruit can be eaten dipped in chili and dark soy sauce. It is excellent ingredient for the creamy juices, also for making spice base for chillies sambal which is eaten with river fish. it can also be used in making pickles The wood is used for light construction. Binjai is almost always propagated by seed. It is a possible candidate for wider cultivation in the future.
Nutritional value
The following is the nutritional value of binjai fruit per 100 grams that is
- Water 86.5g,
- Protein 1g,
- Fats 0.2g,
- Carbohydrates including fibers 11.9g,
- Ash 0.4g,
- Thiamine 0.08 mg,
- Beta-carotene 0.005 mg and
- Vitamin C 58 mg.
- Total Energy 200kJ/100g.
As poison
White juice of the immature jack fruit is poisonous, and can be an irritant if it comes into contact with the skin as well as when ingested. It has been used to kill enemies. A lot of care is needed when harvesting, and laborers should protect themselves using gloves and by covering the entire body.
References
- Kwan, TY. "Sightings: A Mysterious Tree Bears Fruit". Green Dot Internet Services. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- "IUCN Red List - Mangifera caesia". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resourcesitritr. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- "Anacardiaceae". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
- "Flora of Anacardiaceae". Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2012-03-03.