Miloš Crnjanski

Miloš Crnjanski
Miloš Crnjanski on a 2010 Serbian stamp
Born	26 October 1893 Csongrád, Austria-Hungary
Died	30 November 1977(1977-11-30) (aged 84) Belgrade, SFR Yugoslavia
Occupation	Poet, writer, journalist, diplomat
Language	Serbian
Nationality	Serbian
Alma mater	University of Vienna, University of Belgrade
Period	Avant Garde
Literary movement	Expressionism
Notable works	Migrations, Lament over Belgrade, The Journal of Carnojevic, A novel about London
Spouse	Vida Ružić

Miloš Crnjanski (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Црњански, pronounced [mîlɔʃ t͡srɲǎnskiː]; 26 October 1893 – 30 November 1977) was a poet of the expressionist wing of Serbian modernism, author, and a diplomat. From his beginnings as a journalist whose social-political stance was at one moment openly opposed to freedom and progress, he gradually arose to become a poet and romanticist.

Biography

Early years

Miloš Crnjanski in 1914

Crnjanski was born in Csongrád, Hungary, to an impoverished family which moved in 1896 to Temesvár (today Timişoara, Romania) where he grew up in a patriarchal-patriotic community with the implanted cult of Serbia and Serbian heritage in his soul as a precious relic. One of the deepest and longest lasting sensations of his childhood were those with national and religious content: church school, St. Sava icon, incense, the Serbian Orthodox cemetery with its burial ceremonies, evening stories and songs about Serbia, hajduks, and Ottoman Turkish oppression – all of it in a boy's emotions transferred into continual unrest, but also became an everlasting source of hope, joy, doubt, disappointment and rebelliousness. He completed the elementary school in Pančevo, and Grammar school in Timişoara. Then he started attending the Export academy in Rijeka in 1912, and in the autumn of the following year he started studying in Vienna.

At the beginning of World War I, Crnjanski was persecuted as part of the general anti-Serbian retribution of Austria to Princip's assassination in Sarajevo, but instead of being sent to jail, he was drafted to army and sent to Galician frontline to fight against the Russians where he was wounded in 1915. During most of these tragic war days, Crnjanski spent time alone in a Vienna war hospital, although just before the end of the war he was sent to the Italian front. In his memory, sights of the havoc of war were impressed unerasably. After the war, he completed his studies of art history and philosophy in Vienna and graduated from the University of Belgrade as one of the students of the famous literature critic Bogdan Popovic.

Middle years

Thirty million innocent young war dead found their place in the anti-war verses of this unfortunate young soldier, ideas which he brought from the war, then to Zagreb and to Belgrade, where he stayed for the longest time. From this point on, Crnjanski lived like Homer's unfortunate hero, who returns to his poem Ithaca after his long odyssey. Odysseus, this hero found a way to preserve the vital strength of life, unlike Crnjanski who (along with his generation) returned to their destroyed homeland with the feeling of tiredness and resignation. Both in his wartime and post-war verses, this tired poet wrote sincerely of his resignation and lost illusions.

From his ramble across bloody frontlines of Europe, Crnjanski returned to thoughts about the necessity of dispelling the false myths of the "eternal" values of civil ethics. Both in poetry and life, he lives as a sentimental anarchist and tired defeatist who remembered sorrowfully the relics of his youth, now in his eyes discarded, bloodied, and spat upon. At the time he considered himself a member of progressive social forces and argued for socialism, but his rebellion from those days was only perhaps a strong reaction to the horrors of the recent wars.

The literary work of Miloš Crnjanski from that period was a significant contribution to the effort of his generation to find a new language and expression for new themes and concepts. With completely new verse, and a lot of emotional bitterness, he expressed his discord. In those days, he spoke about futility of war, pugently negated Kosovo battle myths and sarcastically mocked what he saw as the delusion of a "golden century" for mankind.

Using the strength of the compelling poet's word, he may have done away with many civil values, but he wasn't able to see or start something new from the ruins. Both the verse and prose of Crnjanski was strong during post-war years, as long as war-fuelled revolt lived on in him. In time, however, those feelings dwindled, and, Crnjanski still wandered and staggered, gradually growing closer to the ideals of Serbian bourgeoisie, afraid of the approaching proletarian revolution.

Work

Crnjanski published a large number of works of various subjects and contents:

Poetry

• Lyrics of Ithaca (1918)
• Chosen verses (1954)
• Lament over Belgrade (1965);

Tales

• Stories about men (1924)

Novels

• The Journal of Carnojevic (Dnevnik o Čarnojeviću, 1921)
• Migrations (Seobe, 1929)
• Second book of Migrations (Seobe, knjiga druga, 1962)
• Kap španske krvi (1970)
• A Novel about London (Roman o Londonu, 1971)
• Suzni krokodil
• Kod Hiperborejaca
• Podzemni klub (questionable)

Dramas

• Masks (1918)
• Doss-house (1958)
• Nikola Tesla
• Konak (1958)

Itineraries

• Ljubav u Toskani (1930)
• Knjiga o Nemačkoj (1931)
• Pisma iz Pariza
• U zemlji toreadora i sunca

Other

• Sveta Vojvodina (1919)
• Antologojia Kineske lirike, anthology (1923)
• Naše plaže na Jadranu (1927)
• Boka Kotorska – Der golf von Kotor (1928)
• Pesme starog Japana, anthology (1928)
• Sveti Sava (1934)
• Sabrana dela (1966)
• Stražilovo, poem (1973)
• Knjiga o Mikelanđelu, posthumous (1981)
• Embahade, posthumous (1985)
• Naša nebesa

Lost works

• Son of Don Kihot, novel
• O ljubavi, drama
• Gundulić, drama
• Prokleti knez, drama
• Juhahaha, comedy inspired by Peter I of Serbia
• The Shoemakers of London, novel

Some of the works were destroyed by the author himself, while other manuscript of the novel Son of Don Kihot was lost on the way to the print house. Some of his works are said to have been stolen in London. He also wrote many essays, articles and other texts.

Migrations has been translated into English (Harvill 1994, ISBN 0-00-273004-9), but with the author's name transliterated as "Milos Tsernianski". Crnjanski wrote about forty texts about theater.

Crnjanski also founded the newspaper Putevi, with Marko Ristić (1922), and Ideje, a political paper (1934). He also published two books of eastern nations poetry anthology.

See also

• Sumatraism

External links

• Translated works by Miloš Crnjanski
• Sumatra and the Explanation of Sumatra by Miloš Crnjanski