Parsi–Muslim riots

Parsi–Muslim Riots of 1851, 1857 , 1874 and 1885
Parsi–Muslim Riots of 1851, 1857 , 1874 and 1885
Part of Religious violence in India
Date	17 October 1851, 10 May 1857, 13 February 1874 and 26 November 1885
Location	Bombay (now Mumbai, Maharashtra); 19°04′34″N 72°52′40″E / 19.0760°N 72.8777°E
Caused by	Publication of Muhammad (a Muslim taboo) by the Parsee press, on both occasions.
Casualties
Injuries	7 Muslims and 4 Parsees[citation needed]
	Bombay Location of the riots

The Parsi–Muslim riots occurred in 1851 in Bombay,^[1] and were reprised in 1874 in parts of Gujarat. These marked the beginning of a period of tension in the two communities. The first riot took place over the blurred depiction of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, and his appearance in a public print by a Parsi newspaper, Chitra Gyan Darpan, in October 1851. A second riot place in May 1857,over a Parsi named Bejonji Sheriaiji Bharucha was accused of disrespecting a mosque by some Muslims. A third riot took place on 13 February 1874, over an article on the life of Muhammad in a book entitled Famous Prophets and Communities.^[2]

History

1851

The first Parsi–Muslim riot began on 17 October 1851^[1] and lasted for a month, after a copy of a Gujarati article depicted Muhammad. The article, published by Parsi newspaper Chitra Gyan Darpan, was posted on the wall of the Jama Masjid in Bombay.^[3] People leaving the mosque after Namaz (around 11 a.m.) saw it and were enraged, as Islam forbids the pictorial depiction of Muhammad. Due to the printer, an image of Muhammad was published with a blemish over one of his eyes, making him look blinded in that eye.^[4]

Parsis were attacked by the mob on the streets and in their homes. Shops were looted, Zoroastrian fire temples were ransacked and jewellery was stolen. The kotwal tried stopping the riots but failed to do so. The police were unable to stop the violence. A curfew was declared and the army was posted in various parts of the city.^[4]

One month later, a meeting was held on 24 November 1851 between members of both communities where Cursetji clarified that it was not the intention to hurt Muslim feelings by depicting their prophet. He explained that it was just a piece of information about Muhammad, like all other remarkable personalities that the newspaper was used to publishing. He mentioned that the controversial work was copied from Simon Ockley. To demonstrate goodwill and friendship and to show that the two communities can peacefully coexist, Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy and the Kazi of Bombay rode together, sharing the same carriage through Muslim and Parsi neighbourhoods.^[3]

1857

1874

On 15 June 1873, Rustomjee Hormusjee Jalbhoy published a book in Gujarati that contained biographies of eminent personalities, including Muhammad. The tension was already building up when an article from The Memorial quoted:

"a mob of Seedees and Arabs armed with sticks and stones invaded Abdool Rehman Street"
— The Memorial, Friday, February 13, 1874

Sir Frank Henry Souter, the Commissioner of Police at that time, knew about the tensions, but failed to escalate police presence.^[5] The mob, practically unopposed, started attacking Parsis in their homes and on the streets. The next day, riots again erupted at Khetwadi. The following day, some Parsis began throwing stones at a Muslim funeral procession heading towards a cemetery. Four Parsis and seven Muslims were admitted to Jamsetjee Hospital, where several other injured were also treated.^[4]

Narayan Wassoodew and Dr. Blaney took the initiative to launch a Parsi and Muslim community "Reconciliation Movement".^[4] The Parsis demanded "sincere regret at the conduct of the lower classes of their co-religionists" from the Muslims, but the movement failed.^[4] This was due to the fact that the Muslims had failed to submit to the Parsi leaders an authenticated copy of the resolution, despite the Parsis' insistence on it.

1885

There was another riot between Parsis and Muslims on 26 November 1885 when land to build a Dargah was not granted by the authorities. As there were Parsi members in the Municipal Council, they were accused of not granting it.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Menon, Meena (2018). Riots and After in Mumbai: Chronicles of Truth and Reconciliation. SAGE Publication India Pvt Ltd. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-9352806140. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
^ Palsetia, Jesse S. (1 January 2001). The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City. BRILL. ISBN 9004121145.
^ ^a ^b Chari, Mridula. "How an accidentally distorted drawing of the Prophet led to a riot in 19th-century Mumbai". Scroll.in. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Story of two riots". Frontline. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
^ "The Story of Two Mumbai Riots in the 19th Century". Parsi Khabar. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
^ Alan Williams; Sarah Stewart (16 February 2016). The Zoroastrian Flame: Exploring Religion, History and Tradition. I.B.Tauris. pp. 384–385. ISBN 978-0-85772-886-9.

[Menon_2018_pp33-34-1] Menon, Meena (2018). Riots and After in Mumbai: Chronicles of Truth and Reconciliation. SAGE Publication India Pvt Ltd. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-9352806140. Retrieved 16 March 2020.

[2] Palsetia, Jesse S. (1 January 2001). The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City. BRILL. ISBN 9004121145.

[:0-3] Chari, Mridula. "How an accidentally distorted drawing of the Prophet led to a riot in 19th-century Mumbai". Scroll.in. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[:1-4] "Story of two riots". Frontline. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[5] "The Story of Two Mumbai Riots in the 19th Century". Parsi Khabar. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[WilliamsStewart2016-6] Alan Williams; Sarah Stewart (16 February 2016). The Zoroastrian Flame: Exploring Religion, History and Tradition. I.B.Tauris. pp. 384–385. ISBN 978-0-85772-886-9.

[1]

[2]

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v t e Riots in India
19th century	Bombay Dog Riots Parsi–Muslim riots Indian Rebellion of 1857 1857 Bharuch riot 1882 Salem Malabar rebellion
20th century	1927 Nagpur Direct Action Day 1946 Noakhali 1946 Bihar 1957 Ramnad 1961 Jabalpur 1964 Calcutta 1967 Ranchi-Hatia 1969 Gujarat 1970 Bhiwandi 1974 Worli 1980 Moradabad riots 1983 Nellie massacre 1984 Bhiwandi 1984 anti-Sikh 1985 Gujarat 1985 Karamchedu 1987 Meerut 1990 Hyderabad 1992 Bombay 1994 Anti-Urdu
21st century	2002 Gujarat 2006 Vadodara 2008 Kandhamal 2012 Azad Maidan 2013 Canning 2013 Muzaffarnagar 2015 Ballabhgarh 2016 Kaliachak 2016 Dhulagarh 2017 Saharanpur 2017 Northern India 2017 Baduria 2018 Ambalapattu 2019 Ponparappi 2020 Delhi 2020 Bangalore 2021 Kawardha 2021 Tripura 2023 Manipur
Related topics	Riots Massacres Religious violence Caste violence

v t e Zoroastrianism
Primary topics	Ahura Mazda Zarathustra Asha Vohu Manah Persia/Iran Faravahar Avestan
Divine entities	Amesha Spentas Yazatas Ahuras Daevas Angra Mainyu
Scripture and worship	Avesta Gathas Ashem Vohu Ahuna Vairya Yenghe hatam Airyaman ishya Fire Temples 101 Names of Ahura Mazda Udvada Atash Behram Adur Burzen-Mihr Adur Farnbag Adur Gushnasp Cypress of Kashmar Yasna Vendidad Visperad Yashts Khordeh Avesta The Revayats Ab-Zohr Atash Behram Magi
Accounts and legends	Dēnkard Bundahišn Book of Arda Viraf Book of Jamasp Story of Sanjan Chinvat Bridge Frashokereti Xrafstar Hamistagan Duzakh
Cities	Balkh Kashmar Yazd
History and culture	Parsis Zurvanism Mazdakism Khurramites Three Persian religions Calendar Festivals Marriage Burial
Adherents	Persecution in Afghanistan in Armenia in Azerbaijan in China in India Irani Parsis in Iran in Iraq in Pakistan in Russia in United States in Uzbekistan
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