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Piedmont blues

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Piedmont blues
Stylistic originsBlues, ragtime and piano blues
Cultural origins1920s, East Coast of the United States
Typical instrumentsGuitar, vocals, drums, bass
Regional scenes
Piedmont province
Other topics
List of Piedmont blues musicians

Piedmont blues (also known as East Coast, or Southeastern blues) refers primarily to a guitar style, the Piedmont fingerstyle, which is characterized by a fingerpicking approach in which a regular, alternating thumb bass string rhythmic pattern[1] supports a syncopated melody using the treble strings generally picked with the fore-finger, occasionally others.[2] The result is comparable in sound to ragtime or stride piano styles.[2]

Blues researcher Peter B. Lowry coined the term, giving co-credit to fellow folklorist Bruce Bastin.[3] The Piedmont style is differentiated from other styles, particularly the Mississippi Delta blues, by its ragtime-based rhythms.[1]

Origins

Blind Willie McTell recording for John A. Lomax in an Atlanta hotel room, 1940

The basis of the Piedmont style began with the older "frailing" or "framming" guitar styles that may have been universal throughout the South, and was also based, at least to some extent, on formal "parlor guitar" techniques as well as earlier banjo playing, string band, and ragtime. What was particular to the Piedmont was that a generation of players adapted these older, ragtime-based techniques to blues in a singular and popular fashion, influenced by guitarists such as Blind Blake and Gary Davis.[4][5]

Geography

The Piedmont blues was named after the Piedmont plateau region, on the East Coast of the United States from about Richmond, Virginia to Atlanta, Georgia. Piedmont blues musicians come from this area, as well as Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and northern Florida, western South Carolina, central North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama – later the Northeastern cities such as Boston, Newark, New Jersey, and New York.[2][6]

Recordings

Recording artists such as Blind Blake, Josh White, Buddy Moss, and Blind Boy Fuller helped spread the style on the strength of their sales throughout the region.[2] It was nationally popular with the African-American audience for about twenty years from the mid-1920s through to the mid-1940s. Blind Boy Fuller's 1940 recording of "Step It Up and Go" sold over half a million copies.

File:Ettabakerphoto.jpg
Etta Baker with acoustic guitar. Photo taken in the front yard of Baker's home in Morganton, North Carolina, 1995.

Post-World War II

As a form of Black American popular music, Piedmont blues fell out of favor on a national basis after World War II. By the late-1950s, it was being performed at US folk music revivals and festivals initially by established Piedmont blues artists such as Josh White, Rev. Gary Davis, and Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry, as well as Cephas & Wiggins, John Jackson in later years.[2][7]

While musicologists such as George Mitchell, Axel Küstner, Kip Lornell, Peter B. Lowry and Tim Duffy collected recordings by the aging community of Piedmont blues players, younger musicians such as Stefan Grossman, Roy Book Binder, Jorma Kaukonen, Paul Geremia, Keb Mo', Michael Roach, Samuel James, Eric Bibb, Ry Cooder, David Bromberg, Ernest Troost, and Guy Davis have carried on the Piedmont tradition, often having "studied" under some of the old Piedmont masters.[2] The Piedmont style of guitar playing has also influenced other popular musicians such as Doc Watson, Paul Simon, Nick Drake, Ralph McTell, and Mark Knopfler.[citation needed] Arlo Guthrie famously used used a Piedmont blues backing for his "Alice's Restaurant" monologues, as it was easy to play repeatedly for long stretches of time.[8]

Musicians

"In the convict camp in Greene County, Georgia", 1941. Buddy Moss is playing guitar; other men unidentified.
Main article: List of Piedmont blues musicians

References

  1. ^ a b UNC Asheville students (25 October 2005). "East Coast Piedmont Blues". Archived from the original on 8 February 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 169. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  3. ^ Harris, Jeff (6 September 2008). "Some Ramblings On Peter B. Lowry, Field Recording & The Trix Label". Big Road Blues. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  4. ^ Lowry, Pete (1973). "Some Cold, Rainy Day: Part 5 – Robert and Charlie Hicks". Blues Unlimited (103): 15.
  5. ^ Lowry, Pete (1972). "Some Cold, Rainy Day: Part 2 – Curley Weaver". Blues Unlimited (99): 10–11.
  6. ^ Bastin, Bruce (1986). Red River Blues: The Blues Tradition in the Southeast. University of Illinois Press.
  7. ^ Bastin, Bruce (1993). "Truckin' My Blues Away: East Coast Piedmont Styles". In Cohn, Lawrence (ed.). Nothing But The Blues: The Music and the Musicians. New York: Abbeville Press.
  8. ^ Doyle, Patrick (November 26, 2014). Arlo Guthrie looks back on 50 years of Alice's Restaurant. Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 29, 2014.

Further reading

  • Bastin, Bruce (1971). Crying for the Carolines. London: Studio Vista. ISBN 978-0-289-70209-3.
  • Bastin, Bruce (1995). Red River Blues: The Blues Tradition in the Southeast. Urbana; Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06521-7.
  • Cohen, Andrew M. (2008). "The Hands of Blues Guitarists". In Evans, David (ed.). Ramblin' on My Mind: New Perspectives on the Blues. Urbana; Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-03203-9.
  • Lowry, Peter B. (1977). "Atlanta Black Sound: A Survey of Black music from Atlanta During the 20th Century". The Atlanta Historical Bulletin. II (2): 88–113.
  • Lowry, Peter B. (May 2003). "Against the Wind: Tim Duffy and the Music Maker Relief Foundation". Rhythms (130). Melbourne: 48–50.
  • Lowry, Peter B. (June 2009). "DIY Fieldwork: George Mitchell's Southern Trawlings". Rhythms (203). Melbourne: 26–27.
  • Welker, Gayle; Lowry, Peter B. (2006). "Piedmont Blues". In Komera, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of the Blues. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92699-8.
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