Piura
Piura | |
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Flag of Piura Flag Coat of arms of Piura Coat of arms | |
| Nickname(s): La Primera Ciudad (The First City) La Ciudad del eterno calor (The City of The Eternal Heat) | |
  Piura Location in Peru | |
| Coordinates: 5°12′S 80°38′W / 5.200°S 80.633°W | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Piura |
| Province | Piura |
| Founded | 1532 |
| Government | |
| • Alcalde | Oscar Raúl Miranda Martino |
| Area | |
| • Total | 621.2 km2 (239.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 55 m (180 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Estimate (2015)[1] | 436,440 |
| Time zone | UTC/GMT-5 |
| Area code | 73 |
| Website | munipiura.gob.pe |
Piura is a city in northwestern Peru. It is the capital of the Piura Region[2] and the Piura Province. Its population is 377,496.
It was here that Spanish Conqueror Francisco Pizarro founded the third Spanish city in South America and first in Peru, San Miguel de Piura, in July 1532.[3]: 27 Piura declared its independence from Spain on 4 January 1821.[4]
History
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Like most of northern Peru, the territory of Piura has been inhabited by their autochthonous group of natives called tallanes and yungas. These groups lived without an organization or single leader to rule until the Muchik culture eventually took control, and the mixture of these evolved into the Vicús culture. Centuries later, Piura came under the rule of Tupac Inca Yupanqui for at least 40 years before the Spanish arrived.
With the arrival of the Spanish in 1532, the current mestizo and creole cultures of Piura were born. This mestizo culture includes influences from Spanish Extremadura and Andalucia; African influence, owing to the arrival of slaves from Madagascar (Malgache slaves); Chinese coolies who migrated from Canton to work the rice fields and replace the slaves; and also Roma Gypsies who came as pirates looking for pearls, or incognito as Spanish horsemen.
The Spanish named the city from the Quechuan word pirhua, meaning "abundance". Nowadays, Piura is known as the "Ciudad del eterno calor" meaning "The city of eternal heat" because it is hot all year round.
Geography
Climate
Piura Department has a desert and semi-desert climate on the coast and the western slopes of the Andes, whereas on the eastern slopes the climate is subtropical. Precipitation is sparse except during El Niño events, when rainfall is abundant and water flows through normally dry watercourses, causing flooding and large-scale land movements.
| Climate data for Piura (FAP Captain Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport) 1961–1990, extremes 1932–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.9 (100.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
39.9 (103.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.1 (93.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
36.6 (97.9) |
39.9 (103.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.3 (93.7) |
33.2 (91.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.8 (80.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.2 (54.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.9 (0.67) |
19.0 (0.75) |
32.4 (1.28) |
24.4 (0.96) |
15.1 (0.59) |
5.0 (0.20) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (0.04) |
0.8 (0.03) |
1.2 (0.05) |
116.4 (4.58) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.8 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 12.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 55 | 51 | 55 | 59 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 59 |
| Source 1: NOAA,[5] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (mean temperatures 1961–1990, precipitation days 1970–2003 and humidity 1955–1969)[7] | |||||||||||||
Hydrography
The hydrography of Piura Department is determined mainly by the amount of rainfall originating in the Pacific Ocean. This rainfall is itself determined by the meeting of two ocean currents on the southern coast of the department, around the bay of Sechura: the cold Humboldt current at 13-19 °C, and the warm El Niño at 21-27 °C. These conditions lead to fluctuations in offshore sea temperatures, which are 18-23 °C in winter and spring, and 23-27 °C in summer and sometimes in autumn.
The mean annual humidity is 66%. The mean atmospheric pressure is 1008.5 hPa, while winds are mainly from the north at an average speed of 3 m/s. Annual rainfall varies between 10 and 200 mm at altitudes of 100-500 m; between 200 and 800 mm at altitudes of 500-1500 m; and averages 1,550 mm at altitudes above 1500 m.
Most of the region is arid, with rainfall concentrated in the high Andean areas, while on the wide plains the main water sources are seasonal rivers flowing from the north: the Chira and the Piura. The southern half of the plain consists of the Sechura Desert, which supports herbaceous vegetation.
The main rivers are the Piura, the Huancabamba and the Chira. The reservoir of Poechos has been created within the course of the Chira. It has a capacity of 1,000,000,000 cubic metres and irrigates large portions of the coastal region. The river Quiroz, a tributary of the Piura, supplies the huge artificial lake of San Lorenzo. On the Huancabamba, in the mountains, there is a hydroelectric power station supplying energy to the region.
Tourism
One of the best-known tourist attractions in Piura is La Esmeralda beach, known as Colan beach for it is located near the town of Colan. It is a very long beach with warm waters. Local people like to go there during holidays.
There are also great spots for surfers, like Playa Cangrejos, Mancora Beach and Cabo Blanco. Cabo Blanco made be famous by visitor Ernest Hemingway in 1956, where he supervised the filming of "The Old Man and the Sea".[8]
Transportation
Piura is served by the Cap. FAP Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport.
Culture and folklore
Piura is host to a stunning mestizo culture (one of the oldest in South America, for Piura is the third Spanish city founded on that continent) most famous for gastronomical dishes like Seco de chabelo, algarrobina-based drinks, many types of seafood and fish, like ceviche and Natilla Sweets. Popular crafts are the Chulucana Pottery and Catacaos is famous for its "Hats" and "Silversmith" arts. The small town of Simbila, is very popular for its handcrafts and pottery. The tondero and cumanana are the traditional music of mestizo Piura and northern parts of Lambayeque. There are also several famous Peruvian Waltz that came from these regions (northern Peruvians have their own style).
Universities
Branches of:
- Peruvian Wings University (UAP)
- César Vallejo University (UCV)
- The Angels of Chimbote University (ULADECH)
- Antenor Orrego Private University (UPAO)
- Saint Peter University (USP)
Churches
- Iglesia Catedral de Piura was founded in 1588, located in the Plena Plaza de Armas, is an icon of the city
- Iglesia San Francisco was founded by the Franciscan Order
- Iglesia San Sebastian was founded in 1911
- Iglesia Alianza Cristiana and Missionary of Piura
- Iglesia Maria auxiliadora
- Powerhouse Peru Powerhouse Peru
Sister cities
Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Trujillo, Spain.
Empalme, Mexico.
Salt Lake City, United States.
Loja, Ecuador.
References
- ^ Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "Departamento de Piura", travelsradiate.com, accessed March 25th, 2011.
- ^ Hemming, J., 1970, The Conquest of the Incas, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., ISBN 0151225605
- ^ Box, Ben (2004). The South American Handbook (80 ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 1132. ISBN 978-1-903471-70-8.
- ^ "Piura Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ "Station Capitan Fap" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Piura, Prov. Piura / Peru" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ http://hemingwayswelt.de/cabo-blanco-ist-hemingways-herbst/
External links
Piura travel guide from Wikivoyage- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
- . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
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