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Samish Indian Nation

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Samish Indian Nation
View of Fidalgo Island
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( Washington)
Languages
Samish, English[1]
Religion
Traditional
Related ethnic groups
Lummi, Saanich, Semiahmoo, Songhees, and Sooke peoples[2]

The Samish Indian Nation is a Coast Salish nation. It is a signatory to the Treaty of Point Elliott and has a government-to-government relationship with the United States of America.[5] The Samish are a Northern Straits branch of Central Coast Salish peoples.[2] The Samish Nation is headquartered in Anacortes, Fidalgo Island, in Washington, north of Puget Sound.

Other Samish people are enrolled in the Lummi Nation and the Swinomish Tribe.[6]

The Washington state ferry Samish, dedicated in summer 2015, is named for the Samish Nation.

Through cooperative agreements and cultural exchanges fostered by the Samish Nation, numerous ancestral objects have been returned to Samish, among them a house post from the last longhouse on Guemes Island (Burke Museum); a canoe believed to date from before 1810 (San Juan Island Historical Museum); and 11 baskets, four hats, two cattail mats, two weaving shuttles, two mesh sticks used in making nets, a wooden serving dish, a wooden water bucket, a piece of twine, and a stone hammer (Karshner Museum and Center for Culture and Arts).

Samish master carver Tsul-ton leads the Beaver Lodge Carving Circle, where Samish people can learn carving and other traditional arts. Language program coordinator George Adams (Syélpxen) teaches the Samish language and leads a language camp. The Nation hosts Camp Samish on Samish Island every summer. Regularly-scheduled classes give Samish people the opportunity to learn basket making, hat making, and other cedar work. The Samish Canoe Family participates in the annual Canoe Journey and, with the Swinomish Canoe Family, presents a cultural day that is open to the public at Deception Pass State Park.

Land base

The Samish Nation's historical territory includes west Fidalgo Island, Guemes Island, Samish Island, Lopez Island, and southeast San Juan Island.[7] A 19th century promise of a reservation was not fulfilled, but the Samish Nation has been building a land base since the 1990s. The Samish Nation's land base includes 78 acres held in trust at Campbell Lake on Fidalgo Island.

The following has been acquired but is not held in trust: the Fidalgo Bay Resort, 160.4 acres; Huckleberry Island, which was granted to Samish by the State of Washington with the provision that it remain open for public use; an additional 46 acres on Campbell Lake; 45.7 acres of agricultural land on Thomas Creek; 15 acres on Highway 20 and Thompson Road in Anacortes; the Samish Nation administration complex on Commercial Avenue in downtown Anacortes, four parcels on 1.02 acre; Samish Longhouse preschool and child care center, two parcels on .52 acre; the Samish Health and Human Services building and property on Commercial Avenue in downtown Anacortes; and 3.57 acres of oyster beds on Mud Bay on Lopez Island.[8]

Government

The Nation's headquarters is in Anacortes, Washington. The Nation is governed by a democratically-elected council:

  • Chairman: Thomas Wooten
  • Vice Chairman: Tim King
  • Secretary: Dana Matthews
  • Treasurer: Tamara Rogers
  • Council Member: David Blackinton
  • Council Member: Gary D. Hatch
  • Council Member: Jenna Strand.[9]

Government departments: Cultural Resources, Education, Elders, Head Start/ELC, Health, Housing, Social Services, Natural Resources, Vocational Rehabilitation. The general manager of the Samish Nation is Leslie Eastwood, a Samish citizen.

Language

While English is commonly spoken, the traditional language is Samish, a dialect of Straits Salish, a Central Salish language. The Nation is developing a second-language program to revive the language.[1] The Nation's language preservation program has recorded more than 60 hours of interviews with fluent speakers.[3]

History

The Samish Nation is a signatory to the Point Elliot Treaty of 1855; ravaged by introduced diseases, only 150 Samish people remained of an earlier population of 2,000.[4] The treaty established several reservations in the area, including nearby Swinomish, but many Samish chose to remain on islands in their ancestral areas, among them Fidalgo, Guemes and the San Juans. The Samish Nation was mistakenly left off of a BIA list of federally recognized indigenous nations in the 1960s, and subsequently was left out of a court ruling upholding treaty fishing rights. Samish won restoration of its federal recognition in 1996 and began acquiring land and working toward restoration of its treaty rights.[8]

Notable Samish

Herman “Jinks” Blackinton (1892-1974), member of the Samish Tribal Council. His grandson, Jeff Morris, Tsimshian, has served in the Washington state House of Representatives since 1997.[10]

Charles Edwards (1866-1948), master carver and political leader. Edwards carved The Telegraph, a famous racing canoe, circa 1905, now on display at a museum on nearby Whidbey Island; the Question Mark 2, a racing canoe carved in 1936 after the original Question Mark went into retirement; and a 60-foot pole in 1938 that depicted important cultural figures. He represented the Samish before the U.S. Court of Claims in 1926 in “The Duwamish, et al Tribes of Indians vs. United States.” His son, Alfred, served as chairman of the Samish Indian Nation. A great-granddaughter, Barbara James, is treasurer and former vice chairwoman of the Swinomish Tribe[11]

Margaret Cagey Greene (1924-2016), chairwoman of the Samish Nation during its successful fight for restoration of its government-to-government relationship with the United States. She was chairwoman from 1971-74 and 1987-1996. Three federal cases bear her name: Greene v. Lujan, No. C89-645Z, 1992 WL 533059; Greene v. United States, 996 F.2d 973 (9th Cir.1993), and Greene v. Babbitt, 64 F.3d 1266,1269 (9th Cir. 1995). "Our Samish people have survived," she told New York Times reporter Tim Egan in 1992. "We have conquered the urban area. We have people working at Boeing. We have teachers. We have pilots. But we still want our Indian identity."

Ken Hansen (1952-2006), longtime chairman of the Samish Indian Nation, led the effort to restore Samish’s government-to-government relationship with the United States.[12]

Tsul-ton, also known as William Bailey, master carver.[13]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Salish, Straits." Ethnologue. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013.
  2. ^ a b Pritzker 189
  3. ^ a b "Samish Indian Nation." Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013.
  4. ^ a b Johnson, Jean. "Homeless No More: Samish Land Restored." Indian Country Today. 8 Dec 2004. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013.
  5. ^ List of federally recognized tribes
  6. ^ http://www.swinomish-nsn.gov/
  7. ^ Pritzker 202
  8. ^ a b http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/07/06/legislation-would-provide-permanent-protection-samish-land-121859
  9. ^ "Tribal Government." Samish Indian Nation. Retrieved 17 Sept 2013.
  10. ^ Jeff Morris (Washington politician)
  11. ^ http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/06/25/culture-bearers-5-carvers-who-kept-northwest-coast-carving-alive-part-1-155460?page=0%2C1
  12. ^ http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Ken-Hansen-1952-2006-Samish-leader-fought-to-1210165.php
  13. ^ http://www.goskagit.com/news/carvers-offer-solace-in-pole-that-will-watch-over-repaired/article_7f0b7e3d-3ef8-5e02-b211-dd5acaae17b6.html

References

  • Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
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