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Schuylkill Expressway

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This article is about the section of Interstate 76 in the Philadelphia area. For the entire length of the highway, see Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey).
Schuylkill Expressway
Route information
Length25.2 mi[1] (40.6 km)
Major junctions
West end I-76 / I-276 / Penna Turnpike in King of Prussia
Major intersections US 202 in King of Prussia
I-476 in West Conshohocken
US 1 in Bala Cynwyd
US 13 / US 30 in West Fairmount Park
I-676 / US 30 in University City
PA 611 in Packer Park
I-95 in Whitman
East end I-76 in Gloucester City, NJ
Location
CountryUnited States
StatePennsylvania
CountiesMontgomery, Philadelphia
Highway system
← PA 75I-76→ PA 76

The Schuylkill Expressway /ˈskuːkəl/,[2] locally known as "the Schuylkill", is a 4 to 8 lane freeway through southwestern Montgomery County and the city of Philadelphia, and the easternmost segment of Interstate 76 in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It extends from the Valley Forge exit of the Pennsylvania Turnpike in King of Prussia, paralleling its namesake Schuylkill River for most of the route, to the Walt Whitman Bridge in South Philadelphia. It serves as the primary corridor into Philadelphia from points west. Maintenance and planning are administered through PennDOT District 6. Constructed over a period of ten years from 1949 to 1959, a large portion of the expressway predates the 1956 introduction of Interstate Highway System; many of these portions were not built to contemporary standards.[3] The rugged terrain, limited riverfront space covered by the route and narrow spans of bridges passing over the highway have largely stymied later attempts to upgrade or widen the highway. With the road being highly over capacity, it has become notorious for its chronic congestion.[4] In recent years, it is the busiest road in Philadelphia, as well as in the entire commonwealth of Pennsylvania.[5] An average 163,000 vehicles use the road daily in Philadelphia County,[6] and an average of 109,000 use the highway in Montgomery County.[7] Its narrow lane and left shoulder configuration, left lane entrances and exits (nicknamed "merge or die"), common construction activity and generally congested conditions have led to many accidents, critical injuries and fatalities, leading to the highway's humorous nickname of the "Surekill Expressway" or in further embellishment, "Surekill Distressway".[8][9]

Route description

The Schuylkill Expressway near Conshohocken, close to the interchange with Interstate 476.

The Schuylkill Expressway begins at the Valley Forge Interchange of the Pennsylvania Turnpike in King of Prussia. The Interstate 76 designation continues west on the Turnpike from this point, while the Turnpike from this point east is designated Interstate 276. Immediately southeast of the interchange, the expressway interchanges with U.S. Route 202, U.S. Route 422, and the King of Prussia Mall. It continues eastward though Upper Merion, interchanging with Pennsylvania Route 320 in Gulph Mills. It continues towards Conshohocken, where it interchanges with Interstate 476 and Pennsylvania Route 23.[10][11]

The highway then begins to run along a narrow cliff-top route high above its namesake Schuylkill River, which it parallels from this point. This section of the highway is very prone to flooding and mudslides during periods of heavy rain, due to water runoff from the cliffs above. It is not uncommon to see this section of the highway closed as a result.

East of Conshohocken at about mile marker 331, it curves sharply southeast in a 90-degree turn locally known as the "Conshohocken Curve" or "Conshy Curve", which has a history of traffic congestion and dangerous conditions.[12][13][14][15] The western terminus of the Ten Mile Loop was to be located near this area.

Continuing southeast, interchanges provide access to the Main Line community of Gladwyne and the Philadelphia neighborhood of Manayunk.[16][17]

The expressway then enters the city of Philadelphia, interchanging with City Avenue (US Route 1); US-1 briefly overlaps with the expressway at this point. Entering Fairmount Park, U.S. 1 splits off as the Roosevelt Expressway to the northeast. The Schuylkill Expressway continues south through the park towards Center City, with Boathouse Row on the opposite bank of the river. At the southern end of the park, the Vine Street Expressway (Interstate 676) splits off to the east.[18][19]

The road then dips down below street level, running immediately adjacent to the river on the eastern edge of University City. This section is frequently the most congested because it is at its closest point to Center City, and it is only two lanes wide in each direction, with a few left lane exits and entrances. The road is so narrow because it is squeezed between the River and a large set of passenger railroad tracks. At this narrow point are Amtrak/SEPTA 30th Street Station, Cira Centre, the city's former main Post Office facility, and streets leading to the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University to the west, and Center City Philadelphia to the east. It then crosses the river and skirts the eastern edge of the Philadelphia Gas Works, until its interchange with Pennsylvania Route 291 and Oregon Avenue. South of the interchange, the expressway curves sharply east. It interchanges with Pennsylvania Route 611 and Interstate 95, and crosses the Delaware River on the Walt Whitman Bridge into New Jersey.[20]

History

Plans for a limited-access highway along the west bank of the Schuylkill River originated in 1932, as part of a proposed cars-only parkway system for the Philadelphia area similar to the contemporary system being built in New York City. The "Valley Forge Parkway" was to have run from Fairmount Park to Valley Forge State Park, with plans for a later extension to Reading via Pottstown. However, planning for the proposed parkway system stalled and the plan was eventually abandoned.[3][4]

Skyline of Philadelphia from the Expressway

Planning for today's expressway began in 1947, when the city of Philadelphia approved plans to develop a highway connecting the city with the terminus of the planned Philadelphia Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike near Valley Forge. The highway was designed by engineers Michael Rapuano, who had previously aided in the design of the Garden State Parkway, and Bill Allen of Gannett Fleming. The new expressway largely followed the earlier planned parkway route from Valley Forge to Fairmount Park, while also extending into southern Philadelphia and across the Delaware River into New Jersey. Two alternatives were proposed south of University City: one routing would continue along the west bank of the river into Southwest Philadelphia to its confluence near Philadelphia International Airport, where it would tunnel underneath the Delaware to Paulsboro, New Jersey; the other would cross the Schuylkill south of University City and bisect South Philadelphia, crossing the Delaware into Gloucester City, New Jersey. Planned expansions of the airport in the path of the former proposal led to adoption of the routing through South Philadelphia.[3][4]

Construction of the road began in 1949. The road was completed in stages, with a short segment near King of Prussia opening in 1951 along with the Turnpike's Philadelphia Extension, with the section from King of Prussia to Conshohocken opening a year later. The section between Conshohocken and City Avenue opened in 1954. The Walt Whitman Bridge opened in 1957. The expressway was completed through Fairmount Park in 1959, and in 1960 the entire expressway was complete with the opening of the segment through University City.[4]

Pennsylvania Route 43 marker
Pennsylvania Route 43
LocationKing of Prussia–Philadelphia
Length27.5 mi (44.3 km)
Existed1952–1964

The Schuylkill Expressway was initially designated as PA 43 and was cosigned with I-80S between King of Prussia and Center City Philadelphia and I-680 between Center City Philadelphia and the Walt Whitman Bridge when the Interstate Highway System was designated in 1956.[21][22] On April 16, 1963, Pennsylvania wanted to renumber its Interstate numbers. Part of this was the renumbering from I-80S into I-76, and all of its auxiliary routes into I-x76. The Federal Highway Administration approved the request on February 26, 1964. As a result, I-80S became I-76 and I-680 became I-676.[22] In addition to this renumbering, the PA 43 designation was removed from the Schuylkill Expressway.[23] In 1972, the I-76 and the I-676 designations were switched onto their current routes, with the entire length of the Schuylkill Expressway designated as I-76.[24]

Immediately after its completion, operational studies performed on the Schuylkill Expressway found that the route would be unable to cope with the area's growing traffic demands, due to the many substandard design elements and compromises incorporated to cope with the rugged, difficult routing of the road. In 1962, plans were announced for a parallel expressway along the east bank of the Schuylkill, known as the Manayunk Expressway; however, these plans were quickly withdrawn due to substantial opposition.[3] An alternative plan was then introduced to widen the entire highway to eight lanes in time for the United States Bicentennial in 1976; however, these plans were also shelved due to local disapproval. A scaled-down widening project was successfully undertaken from 1969 to 1972 to widen a short section of the road to six lanes through Fairmount Park.[3]

Approaching the South Street exit

In the decades since its opening, congestion on the expressway has steadily increased. Plans to expand the expressway to eight lanes by building an upper deck, including high-occupancy toll lanes, were advocated by former Pennsylvania House Speaker John Perzel, but have not come to fruition due to a lack of funding.[4] PennDOT has planned a $23.7 million project, with testing by fall 2008, to add 29 webcams on the Schuylkill Expressway between the Conshohocken Curve and Passyunk Avenue.[25] On the afternoon of June 8, 2011, a section of the Schuylkill Expressway near Grays Ferry Avenue buckled from temperatures around 100 °F (38 °C), causing lane closures. The closed lane of the road was later reopened after temporary repairs, but will require full repairs.[26]

On September 8, 2011, heavy rains caused by the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee caused a rockslide in the vicinity of the Conshohocken Curve, flooding near Belmont Avenue and a mudslide by Girard Avenue. For hours, motorists were either stuck between the Blue Route and Girard Avenue or had to get off at the I-476 interchange until the mess could be cleaned up.

In May 2011, a new westbound entrance was completed at South Gulph Road and South Henderson Road in King of Prussia. A westbound exit opened at this same location in November 2011. The new interchange cost $10.5 million and used money from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.[27]

Exit list

Mileposts reflect the distance from the Ohio border (I-76 runs from there along the Pennsylvania Turnpike until exiting the turnpike at Valley Forge). Before the turnpike went to milepost-based exit numbers, exit 24 was the Valley Forge interchange.

CountyLocationmi[1]kmOld exit
[28]		New exit
[28]		DestinationsNotes
MontgomeryUpper Merion Township327.28526.71––

 I-76 west / Penna Turnpike west – Harrisburg		Continuation beyond Valley Forge Interchange
327.28526.7124326


 I-276 east / Penna Turnpike east to I-476 (Northeast Extension) – Allentown, New Jersey		No exit number westbound
Valley Forge Interchange Toll Plaza
327.55527.1425327North Gulph Road / Village Drive – Valley ForgeEastbound access only; serves Valley Forge National Park
327.70527.3825327Mall BoulevardWestbound access only; serves the King of Prussia Mall
327.98527.8326A328A


 US 202 south to US 422 west – West Chester, PottstownModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated
328.23528.2326B328B
 US 202 north – King of Prussia
–329South Gulph Road / South Henderson Road – King of Prussia, NorristownWestbound exit and entrance
330.30531.5727330 PA 320 – Gulph MillsNo westbound entrance
West Conshohocken332.36534.8828331 I-476 – Chester, Plymouth Meeting, ConshohockenSigned as exits 331A (south) and 331B (north); exit 16 on I-476
332.61535.2829332 PA 23 – ConshohockenEastbound access is via exit 331B; originally planned western terminus of the Ten Mile Loop
Lower Merion Township337.39542.9830337GladwyneWestbound exit and eastbound entrance via Hollow Road
338.73545.1331338Belmont Avenue / Green LaneTo Manayunk and Roxborough
Montgomery–Philadelphia
county line		Lower Merion Township–Philadelphia line340.20547.5033339
 US 1 south (City Avenue)		Western terminus of concurrency with US 1; to Saint Joseph's University
PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia340.34547.7232340ALincoln Drive / Kelly DriveTo Germantown, Wissahickon Park
340.92548.6634340B
 US 1 north (Roosevelt Boulevard) – Northeast Philadelphia		Eastern terminus of concurrency with US 1
342.55551.2835341Montgomery Drive / West River DriveTo Mann Music Center; no trucks or buses
343.73553.1836342
 US 13 / US 30 west (Girard Avenue) – Philadelphia Zoo		Western terminus of US 30 concurrency; to East Fairmount Park
344.57554.5337343Spring Garden Street / Haverford AvenueEastbound exit and westbound entrance
345.04555.2938344

 I-676 east / US 30 east – Central Philadelphia		Eastern terminus of US 30 concurrency; western terminus of I-676
345.36555.8039345 30th Street / Market Street (PA 3)To 30th Street Station and Drexel University
346.04556.9040346ASouth StreetTo University of Pennsylvania
346.80558.1241346BGrays Ferry Avenue / University Avenue – Civic CenterOriginally planned eastern terminus of the Five Mile Loop[29]
347.41559.1042346C28th StreetEastbound access only
347.71559.5942346CVare Avenue / Mifflin StreetWestbound access only
348.01560.0743A347A


 To PA 291 (Penrose Avenue) / I-95 south – International Airport		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; access via 26th Street
348.01560.0743B347Passyunk Avenue / Oregon Avenue
349.14561.8944348
 PA 291 west (Penrose Avenue)		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; east end of PA 291
349.65562.7145349 PA 611 (Broad Street) – Sports Complex
350.14563.50463507th Street / Packer AvenueNo westbound entrance
350.53564.1247351 I-95 – Trenton, Chester, Philadelphia InternationalModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecatedWestbound exit and eastbound entrance; exit 19 on I-95
Delaware River351.98566.46Walt Whitman Bridge
(Westbound toll, cash or E-ZPass)
––
 I-76 east – Atlantic City		Continuation into New Jersey
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. ^ a b DeLorme Street Atlas USA 2007, Toggle Measure Tool. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
  2. ^ "Accidents, delayed flights and travel headaches across the region". The Philadelphia Inquirer. March 16, 2007. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e "The Roads of Metro Philadelphia: Schuylkill Expressway (I-76)". Retrieved 2007-03-24.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Pennsylvania Highways: Interstate 76". Retrieved 2007-03-24.
  5. ^ "Schuylkill Expressway Work Entering Time of Worst Jams". The New York Times. February 23, 1986. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
  6. ^ Traffic Volumes for Philadelphia County (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. 2007. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  7. ^ Traffic Volumes for Montgomery County (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. 2007. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  8. ^ Pennsylvania Highways: Interstate 76
  9. ^ ""Penn students propose a plan to connect their campus to the Schuylkill."". Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  10. ^ Pennsylvania Official Tourism and Transportation Map 2007 (Southeast section) (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  11. ^ Overview of Schuylkill Expressway between I-276 and I-476 (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  12. ^ "MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMISSIONERS TO UNVEIL NEW VIDEO MONITORING CAPABILITY FOR AREA HIGHWAYS". Montgomery County Press Release. April 13, 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
  13. ^ "Conshohocken Curve". WPVI. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
  14. ^ "Rain Closes expressway east of Conshohocken Curve". Associated Press. 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-08-09.[dead link‍]
  15. ^ "Rains flood region". Retrieved 2009-08-09.
  16. ^ Pennsylvania County Type 10 Maps — Montgomery County (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  17. ^ Motor Carriers' Road Atlas (Map) (Deluxe ed.). Rand McNally. 2007. p. 90. § B2, C3.
  18. ^ Pennsylvania County Type 10 Maps — Philadelphia County (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  19. ^ Overview of Schuylkill Expressway between US-1 and I-676 (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  20. ^ Transportation Map Metropolitan Areas — Philadelphia Area (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  21. ^ Official Map of Pennsylvania (back) (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1960. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
  22. ^ a b "Was I-76 Numbered to Honor Philadelphia for Independence Day, 1776?". Ask the Rambler. Federal Highway Administration. 2005-01-18. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
  23. ^ Official Map of Pennsylvania (back) (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1970. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  24. ^ U.S. Route Numbering Subcommittee (June 20, 1972). "U.S. Route Numbering Subcommittee Agenda Showing Action Taken by the Executive Committee" (Report). Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. p. 425. Retrieved October 16, 2014 – via Wikisource.
  25. ^ Mucha, Peter (March 14, 2008). "PennDot readies Web cams for Schuylkill Expressway". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  26. ^ McCarthy, Kevin (June 8, 2011). "Excessive Heat Causes I-76 to Buckle: PENNDot". Philadelphia, PA: WCAU-TV. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  27. ^ Nussbaum, Paul (2011-11-04). "New I-76 ramp opens in King of Prussia". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
  28. ^ a b "Pennsylvania Exit Numbering" (PDF). Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
  29. ^ "Cobbs Creek Expressway".
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