Surgeon: Difference between revisions
ClueBot NG (talk | contribs) m Reverting possible vandalism by 96.5.161.165 to version by 86.42.0.9. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot NG. (661935) (Bot) |
Tag: repeating characters |
||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
In 1800, the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] (RCS) in London began to offer surgeons a formal status via RCS membership. The title ''Mister'' became a badge of honour, and today after someone graduates from medical school with the degrees MBBS or MB ChB, (or variants thereof) in these countries they are called "Doctor" until they are able, after at least four years' training, to obtain a surgical qualification: formerly [[Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons|Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons]] but also [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons|Member of the Royal College of Surgeons]] or a number of other diplomas, they are given the honour of being allowed to revert back to calling themselves [[Mr]], [[Miss]], [[Mrs]] or [[Ms.|Ms]] in the course of their professional practice, but this time the meaning is different. Patients in the [[UK]] may assume that the change of title implies [[Consultant (medicine)|Consultant]] status (and some mistakenly think non-surgical consultants are Mr too), but the length of postgraduate medical training outside North America is such that a Mr (etc.) may be years away from obtaining such a post: many doctors used to obtain these qualifications in the Senior House Officer grade, and remain in that grade when they began sub-specialty training. The distinction of Mr (etc) is also used by surgeons in the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]] and some other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries.<ref>[http://www.cosmeticsurgeryaustralia.com.au/keith_mutimer.htm Mr. Keith Mutimer]</ref> |
In 1800, the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] (RCS) in London began to offer surgeons a formal status via RCS membership. The title ''Mister'' became a badge of honour, and today after someone graduates from medical school with the degrees MBBS or MB ChB, (or variants thereof) in these countries they are called "Doctor" until they are able, after at least four years' training, to obtain a surgical qualification: formerly [[Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons|Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons]] but also [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons|Member of the Royal College of Surgeons]] or a number of other diplomas, they are given the honour of being allowed to revert back to calling themselves [[Mr]], [[Miss]], [[Mrs]] or [[Ms.|Ms]] in the course of their professional practice, but this time the meaning is different. Patients in the [[UK]] may assume that the change of title implies [[Consultant (medicine)|Consultant]] status (and some mistakenly think non-surgical consultants are Mr too), but the length of postgraduate medical training outside North America is such that a Mr (etc.) may be years away from obtaining such a post: many doctors used to obtain these qualifications in the Senior House Officer grade, and remain in that grade when they began sub-specialty training. The distinction of Mr (etc) is also used by surgeons in the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]] and some other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries.<ref>[http://www.cosmeticsurgeryaustralia.com.au/keith_mutimer.htm Mr. Keith Mutimer]</ref> |
||
fhdsjkal hfuioewagraand allied fields== |
|||
[[Image:EakinsTheGrossClinic.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''[[The Gross Clinic]],'' 1875, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] and the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]]]] |
[[Image:EakinsTheGrossClinic.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''[[The Gross Clinic]],'' 1875, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] and the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]]]] |
||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
*[[Organ transplant|Transplant surgery]] |
*[[Organ transplant|Transplant surgery]] |
||
*[[Upper gastrointestinal surgery]] |
*[[Upper gastrointestinal surgery]] |
||
*[[Vascular |
*[[Vascular sugfdsgfsdbrgery]] |
||
*[[ shtrs htgynaecology]] |
|||
*[[Maxillofacial surgery]] |
|||
*[[Neurological surgery]] |
|||
*[[Obstetrics and gynaecology]] |
|||
*[[Orthopaedic surgery]] |
*[[Orthopaedic surgery]] |
||
*[[Ophthalmtrshtrshtrology]] |
|||
*[[Ophthalmology]] |
|||
*[[Otolaryngfdshfshology]] |
|||
*[[Otolaryngology]] |
|||
*[[Pediatric surgery]] |
*[[Pediatric surgery]] |
||
*[[Plastic surgery]] |
*[[Plastic surgery]] |
||
*[[ |
*[[Podiatrirs htrs htrshtrsh trshtrshc surgery]] |
||
*[[Surgical oncology]] |
*[[Surgical oncology]] |
||
*[[Trauma surgery]] |
*[[Trauma surgery]] |
||
Revision as of 18:29, 18 October 2011
 | The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (December 2010) |
 Surgeons in an operating room | |
| Occupation | |
|---|---|
Occupation type | Profession |
Activity sectors | Medicine |
| Description | |
Education required | Degree in medicine |
Fields of employment | Hospitals |
Related jobs | Doctor |
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage. Surgeons may be physicians, dentists, podiatrists or veterinarians.
Minimally invasive procedures such as the procedures of interventional radiology are sometimes described as "minimally invasive surgery." The field traditionally described as interventional neuroradiology, for instance, is increasingly called neurointerventional surgery.
Robotic surgery is an area of growing interest.[citation needed]
Titles in the United Kingdom
In 1800, the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) in London began to offer surgeons a formal status via RCS membership. The title Mister became a badge of honour, and today after someone graduates from medical school with the degrees MBBS or MB ChB, (or variants thereof) in these countries they are called "Doctor" until they are able, after at least four years' training, to obtain a surgical qualification: formerly Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons but also Member of the Royal College of Surgeons or a number of other diplomas, they are given the honour of being allowed to revert back to calling themselves Mr, Miss, Mrs or Ms in the course of their professional practice, but this time the meaning is different. Patients in the UK may assume that the change of title implies Consultant status (and some mistakenly think non-surgical consultants are Mr too), but the length of postgraduate medical training outside North America is such that a Mr (etc.) may be years away from obtaining such a post: many doctors used to obtain these qualifications in the Senior House Officer grade, and remain in that grade when they began sub-specialty training. The distinction of Mr (etc) is also used by surgeons in the Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and some other Commonwealth countries.[1]
fhdsjkal hfuioewagraand allied fields==
- Cardiac surgery (in the USA considered part of cardiothoracic surgery)
- Colon and rectal surgery
- Dental surgery
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Transplant surgery
- Upper gastrointestinal surgery
- Vascular sugfdsgfsdbrgery
- shtrs htgynaecology
- Orthopaedic surgery
- Ophthalmtrshtrshtrology
- Otolaryngfdshfshology
- Pediatric surgery
- Plastic surgery
- Podiatrirs htrs htrshtrsh trshtrshc surgery
- Surgical oncology
- Trauma surgery
- Thoracic surgery (in the USA considered part of cardiothoracic surgery)
- Urology
- Veterinary surgery
There are only about 1200 transplant surgeons.
Some medical doctors who are general practitioners or specialists in family medicine or emergency medicine may perform limited ranges of minor, common, or emergency surgery. Anesthesia often accompanies surgery, and anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists may oversee this aspect of surgery. First assistants, surgical nurses, surgical technologists and operating department practitioners are trained professionals who support surgeons.
Pioneer surgeons
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (considered the father of modern surgery,[2])
- Sushruta (the first to document an operation of open rhinoplasty[3])
- Charles Kelman (Invented phacoemulsification, the technique of modern cataract surgery)
- William Stewart Halsted (initiated surgical residency training in U.S., pioneer in many fields)
- Alfred Blalock (first modern day successful open heart surgery in 1944)
- C. Walton Lillehei (labeled "Father of modern day open heart surgery")
- Christiaan Barnard (cardiac surgery, first heart transplantation)
- Victor Chang Australian pioneer of heart transplantation
- John Hunter (Scottish, viewed as the father of modern surgery, performed hundreds of dissections, served as the model for Dr. Jekyll.)
- Sir Victor Horsley (neurosurgery)
- Lars Leksell (neurosurgery, inventor of radiosurgery)
- Joseph Lister (discoverer of surgical sepsis, Listerine named in his honour)
- Harvey Cushing (pioneer, and often considered the father of, modern neurosurgery)
- Gholam A. Peyman (Inventor of LASIK,[4])
- Nikolay Pirogov (the founder of field surgery)
- Lall Sawh (Trinidadian Urologist, pioneer of Kidney transplant surgery and early proponent of Viagra usage)
- Valery Shumakov (pioneer of artificial organs implantation)
- Svyatoslav Fyodorov (creator of radial keratotomy)
- Gazi Yasargil (Turkish neurosurgeon, founder of microneurosurgery)
- Rene Favaloro (first surgeon to perform bypass surgery)
- Michael R. Harrison (pioneer of fetal surgery)
- Michael DeBakey (educator and innovator in the field of cardiac surgery)
- Fidel Pagés (pioneer of epidural anesthesia)
- Derek McMinn (Inventor of [[Birmingham Hip Resurfacin
Organizations and fellowships
References
- ^ Mr. Keith Mutimer
- ^ A. Martin-Araguz, C. Bustamante-Martinez, Ajo V. Fernandez-Armayor, J. M. Moreno-Martinez (2002)
- ^ Ira D. Papel, John Frodel, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- ^ US Patent 4,840,175, "METHOD FOR MODIFYING CORNEAL CURVATURE", granted June 20, 1989