Talk:Cluster decay
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How is cluster decay different from spontaneous fission? --Smack (talk) 02:47, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- SF happens as fission, where the daughter products are fairly random. You will never know if any single atom will decay into Tc-100 and Sb-124 or something else. In cluster decay there is always the same particle emitted. --metta, The Sunborn 18:28, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Could someone add a definition for "decay percentage"?
Barium-114
[edit]Although I found some references suggesting that 114Ba might cluster-decay, subsequent studies seem to rule it out. See, for example, [1] or [2]. I've commented it out of the table. -- Xerxes (talk) 22:03, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
OE91Pa231?
[edit]A cluster emission decay mode is not shown in my 15th edition isotopes chart. And other than that, the rest of the emitted nuclides are noted to be of even numbered element nuclei with possibly an odd number of neutrons. This brings up the possibility that the emitted particle is that of a structure that is an accumulation of a (2Z)times an integer nuclide which might be sheared off from the top of the original nucleus. This would be an indication of the existence of a shear strength fault in the structure due to the nature of their physical construction properties. This possibility is not apparent under the assumption of a spherical shape for the parent nucleus. However if the shape of the parent nucleus were 4 sided the possibility of a stressed nuclear corner condition becomes apparent.WFPM (talk) 18:28, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
"24Ne" CD as decay mode - full set
[edit]In current text:
Penetrability theory predicted eight decay modes: 14C, 24Ne, 28Mg, 32,34Si, 46Ar, and 48,50Ca from the following parent nuclei: 222,224Ra, 230,232Th, 236,238U, 244,246Pu, 248,250Cm, 250,252Cf, 252,254Fm, and 252,254No.
However, {{NUBASE2020}} has a different set (defined as "24Ne = heavy cluster decay"). Below is a table to gather & hunt the complete set. Technically, I am working in {{Isotopes/decay-mode/overview}} (content documentation), and this tech set. -DePiep (talk) 06:48, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
CD
[edit]- developing table as of 06:48, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
- to improve: source by examplary isotope from NUMBASE, enwiki?
decay | source | example | note |
---|---|---|---|
14C | NUBASE | ||
20Ne | NUBASE | ||
24Ne | NUBASE | ||
25Ne | NUBASE | ||
26Ne | NUBASE | only as part of 24Ne+26Ne | |
24Ne+26Ne | NUBASE | 234U | |
28Mg | NUBASE | ||
30Mg | NUBASE | ||
32Si | NUBASE | ||
34Si | 242Cm | NUBASE | |
46Ar | ? (enwiki) | ||
48Ca | ? (enwiki) | ||
50Ca | ? (enwiki) |
DePiep (talk) 06:48, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
- The explanation re
34Si, 46Ar, 48Ca, and 50Ca is that those decay modes were predicted here, but have never been seen yet. Double sharp (talk) 15:21, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
Theoretical calculation of cluster decay half-lives
[edit]If the formula given here is also true for cluster decays, then to find the lowest stable cluster decay mode is to find the emission nuclide with the smallest , where is the mass number of , is the Q value of the decay mode, and is respectively the charge number of the parent nuclide and .
Although the nuclide ejected in cluster decays seems to be arbitrary, fortunately, the formula shows that it is enough to consider the following 10 cluster decay modes in addition to alpha decay: 12C, 14C, 16O, 24Ne, 26Mg, 30Si, 32Si, 36S, 46Ca and 48Ca.
Suppose that one wants to find the most stable nuclide that is energetically allowed to decay, and fission into at least three parts is ignored. That nuclide must have the lowest energy among its isobars, because cluster decays are neglegible compared to beta decays and double beta decays. Now suppose that the formula given in the above link also applies to cluster decays. For nuclides having the lowest energy among their isobars, there are several regions:
For mass numbers ≤ 92 (other than 5 and 8), no cluster decay can occur.
For mass numbers 93-142 (starting from 3 neucleons above 90Zr with semi-magic Z and magic N), 36S emission kicks in, but these nuclides are among the most stable ones, so only emission of relatively heavier nuclides can occur. The lowest stable cluster decay modes are among emission of 16O, 26Mg, 30Si, 32Si, 36S, 46Ca and 48Ca. But of course, such processes take long time beyond imagination.
Note that all isotopes of zirconium with N ≥ 50 (this includes all (almost) beta-stable ones), plus 100Mo, are still stable to 36S emission; this is somewhat like that all N = 82 isotones with Z ≤ 62 (includes all beta-stable ones) are stable to alpha decay. Still, none of 94Zr, 96Zr and 100Mo is stable to 48Ca emission (with a half-life greater than 102000 years, perhaps).
For mass numbers ≥ 143 (starting from 3 neucleons above 140Ce with semi-magic Z and magic N), alpha decay kicks in. Alpha half-lives for nuclides in this region are usually short enough (≤ Tα1/2(161Dy) ~ 10132.24 y), so cluster decays can be ignored. But still, 152Sm, 153Eu, 155,156,157,158Gd, 159Tb, 162,163,164Dy, 165Ho, 201,202Hg, and 205Tl have long enough alpha half-lives (≥ Tα1/2(153Eu) ~ 10144.69 y), so their main decay modes will be cluster decay. The least stable cluster decay modes are among emission of 12C, 14C or 24Ne.
In a nutshell, there's no need to consider cluster decay in general, unless the nuclide has the lowest anergy among its isobars, has mass number ≥ 93 and either is stable to alpha decay or has alpha decay half-life > Tα1/2(161Dy), or ≥ Tα1/2(153Eu).
In order not to make this comment too long, the theoretical calculations are posted in the following comments. 14.52.231.91 (talk) 03:25, 29 August 2024 (UTC)
Theoretical calculation of cluster decays for mass numbers 93-142
[edit]Warning: I should have used nuclear masses to substitute in the formula here, but actually I used atomic masses for all decay modes including alpha decay. I think it is OK because all are theoretical, so there's nothing serious.
The table lists common logarithm values of theoretical half-lives in years. Red means that the corresponding value is within 10000 times the minimal value.
Nuclide | 16O | 26Mg | 30Si | 32Si | 36S | 46Ca | 48Ca | Minimum | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
93Nb | - | - | - | - | 1013.38 | 2334.79 | - | 1013.38 | |
94Mo | - | - | 473.29 | 564.63 | 461.86 | 666.06 | - | 461.86 | |
95Mo | - | - | 629.59 | 646.02 | 514.86 | 592.97 | 1040.10 | 514.86 | |
96Mo | - | - | 670.21 | 568.18 | 542.92 | 484.55 | 612.53 | 484.55 | |
97Mo | - | - | 1111.73 | 690.54 | 701.44 | 506.58 | 523.06 | 506.58 | |
98Ru | - | 1058.78 | 346.68 | 418.49 | 331.29 | 385.35 | 521.24 | 331.29 | |
99Ru | - | - | 382.25 | 440.17 | 344.97 | 375.67 | 453.56 | 344.97 | |
100Ru | - | 1251.32 | 402.36 | 413.00 | 345.32 | 374.78 | 392.77 | 345.32 | |
101Ru | - | 2360.51 | 456.44 | 429.00 | 362.67 | 386.08 | 370.45 | 362.67 | |
102Ru | - | - | 480.00 | 429.08 | 369.91 | 408.29 | 361.65 | 361.65 | |
103Rh | 395.64 | 548.70 | 363.40 | 374.04 | 329.06 | 360.43 | 349.00 | 329.06 | |
104Pd | 238.64 | 405.10 | 311.92 | 353.30 | 317.97 | 329.50 | 343.45 | 238.64 | |
105Pd | 277.91 | 413.08 | 325.20 | 362.22 | 328.38 | 335.80 | 336.59 | 277.91 | |
106Pd | 542.66 | 392.56 | - | 344.60 | 334.62 | 345.44 | 330.87 | 330.87 | |
107Ag | 277.17 | 331.83 | 294.04 | 329.82 | 312.38 | 323.96 | 327.59 | 277.17 | |
108Pd | - | 381.43 | 354.72 | - | 355.62 | 377.83 | 335.16 | 335.16 | |
109Ag | 1042.77 | 309.93 | 304.80 | 317.95 | 323.93 | 339.43 | 323.90 | 304.80 | |
110Cd | 377.02 | 277.43 | 274.45 | 301.75 | 305.05 | 314.81 | 315.99 | 274.45 | |
111Cd | 464.70 | 274.76 | 278.30 | 301.96 | 311.30 | 323.16 | 317.22 | 274.76 | |
112Cd | - | 266.19 | 280.00 | 293.73 | - | 327.60 | 314.87 | 266.19 | |
113In | 520.08 | 236.16 | 255.91 | 282.95 | 297.55 | 316.57 | 315.63 | 236.16 | |
114Sn | 329.65 | 219.40 | 241.90 | 274.35 | 287.05 | 316.08 | 324.19 | 219.40 | |
115Sn | 652.09 | 232.08 | 245.88 | - | 292.96 | 325.06 | 328.36 | 232.08 | |
116Sn | - | 254.67 | 243.17 | 264.62 | 289.38 | 328.12 | 323.01 | 243.17 | |
117Sn | - | 273.03 | 257.11 | 262.85 | 291.85 | 338.46 | 326.88 | 257.11 | |
118Sn | - | 314.78 | 284.08 | 257.49 | 292.37 | 342.79 | 327.80 | 257.49 | |
119Sn | - | 348.37 | 307.41 | 267.49 | 299.47 | 352.85 | 333.48 | 267.49 | |
120Sn | - | 450.41 | 360.03 | 292.36 | 304.26 | 362.61 | 335.43 | 292.36 | |
121Sb | - | 314.42 | 291.54 | 260.75 | 273.60 | 333.00 | 322.03 | 260.75 | |
122Te | 648.32 | 259.82 | 251.33 | 238.86 | 253.11 | - | 311.92 | 238.86 | |
123Sb | - | 516.79 | 383.61 | 302.59 | 316.56 | 352.77 | 328.88 | 302.59 | |
124Te | - | 345.70 | 298.18 | 266.65 | 280.99 | 324.48 | - | 266.65 | |
125Te | - | 419.70 | 333.40 | 279.88 | 295.82 | 331.06 | - | 279.88 | |
126Te | - | 580.98 | 410.67 | 308.21 | 323.98 | 339.73 | 320.98 | 308.21 | |
127I | - | 381.04 | 322.73 | 275.91 | 293.46 | 319.46 | 312.78 | 275.91 | |
128Xe | 521.12 | 297.57 | 277.80 | 253.86 | 269.03 | 303.48 | 303.99 | 253.86 | |
129Xe | - | 326.27 | 305.49 | 264.83 | 280.65 | 309.95 | 305.15 | 264.83 | |
130Xe | - | 374.21 | 341.40 | 292.79 | 300.69 | 313.52 | 305.03 | 292.79 | |
131Xe | - | 434.39 | 374.98 | 318.27 | 322.98 | 327.22 | 309.53 | 309.53 | |
132Xe | - | 577.85 | 448.68 | 349.93 | 361.01 | 348.30 | 311.04 | 311.04 | |
133Cs | - | 366.52 | 341.73 | 307.38 | 317.03 | 325.55 | 300.10 | 300.10 | |
134Ba | 364.09 | 295.96 | 294.02 | 276.81 | 290.21 | 306.63 | 291.42 | 276.81 | |
135Ba | 686.30 | 327.24 | 317.17 | 291.00 | 309.86 | 318.09 | 298.13 | 291.00 | |
136Ba | - | 374.20 | 351.18 | 308.80 | 330.99 | 334.36 | 308.30 | 308.30 | |
137Ba | - | 455.69 | 401.00 | 332.50 | 353.58 | 354.57 | 319.05 | 319.05 | |
138Ba | - | 570.63 | 472.18 | 359.72 | 384.84 | 377.61 | 331.59 | 331.59 | |
139La | 643.77 | 370.85 | 359.32 | 312.25 | 336.36 | 349.58 | 319.57 | 312.25 | |
140Ce | 256.65 | 300.21 | 304.28 | 283.12 | 307.33 | 325.89 | 307.72 | 256.65 | |
141Pr | 210.85 | 262.41 | 270.94 | 264.10 | 286.95 | 312.32 | 301.63 | 210.85 | |
142Nd | 185.32 | 234.57 | 249.11 | 249.10 | 270.65 | 301.90 | 297.73 | 185.32 | 12C = 188.35 |
14.52.231.91 (talk) 03:40, 29 August 2024 (UTC)
Theoretical calculation of cluster decays for mass numbers 152-165, 201-205
[edit]Nuclide | α | 12C | 14C | 24Ne | Decay mode(s) | Minimum | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
152Sm | 164.24 | 115.84 | 111.23 | 187.96 | 14C to 138Ba | 111.23 | |
153Eu | 144.69 | 108.55 | 110.99 | 186.92 | 12C to 141La or 14C to 139La | 108.55 | |
154Gd | 54.37 | 101.00 | 109.65 | 185.24 | α | 54.37 | |
155Gd | 304.37 | 111.31 | 117.55 | 184.32 | 12C to 143Ce | 111.31 | |
156Gd | - | 127.89 | 130.31 | 182.19 | 12C to 144Ce or 14C to 142Ce | 127.89 | |
157Gd | - | 150.39 | 144.38 | 181.80 | 14C to 143Ce | 144.38 | |
158Gd | - | 175.63 | 159.36 | 178.65 | 14C to 144Ce | 159.36 | |
159Tb | - | 159.93 | 157.32 | 179.61 | 12C to 147Pr, 14C to 145Pr or 16O to 143La | 157.32 | 16O = 157.48 |
160Dy | 110.29 | 135.61 | 144.68 | 177.93 | α | 110.29 | |
161Dy | 132.24 | 156.10 | 160.63 | 175.85 | α | 132.24 | |
162Dy | 336.47 | 171.38 | 175.29 | 173.99 | 12C to 150Nd, 14C to 148Nd, 16O to 146Ce or 24Ne to 138Ba | 171.00 | 16O = 171.00 |
163Dy | - | 193.71 | 202.49 | 181.18 | 24Ne to 139Ba | 181.18 | |
164Dy | - | 204.89 | 210.06 | 187.41 | 24Ne to 140Ba | 187.41 | |
165Ho | 242.65 | 169.21 | 194.22 | 187.58 | 12C to 153Pm | 169.21 | |
201Hg | 171.10 | 174.61 | 173.33 | 210.54 | α, 12C to 189W or 14C to 187W | 171.10 | |
202Hg | 305.64 | 188.90 | 186.02 | 215.28 | 12C to 190W or 14C to 188W | 186.02 | |
203Tl | 80.46 | 166.47 | 176.50 | 214.19 | α | 80.46 | |
204Pb | 35.56 | 144.36 | 163.00 | 211.38 | α | 35.56 | |
205Tl | 283.07 | 201.02 | 201.97 | 226.19 | 12C to 193Re or 14C to 191Re | 201.02 |