Talk:Michael Graziano

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Biography: Science and Academia

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	This article was accepted on 20 January 2010 by reviewer MSGJ (talk · contribs).

Comment from author

Dear MSGJ, reviewer of this proposed article:

I have never proposed a wiki page before so I am not entirely certain of the right procedures. I apologize if I’ve put information in the wrong places. Here I describe why I think Graziano is a notable professor/academic. In the main article (below), I also made edits to include more reliable sources (peer-reviewed, academic journals that discuss or cite the work of Graziano).

Michael S. A. Graziano meets the “academic/professor” conditions of notability on the grounds of Criterion 1 as listed on the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PROF

Criterion 1. “The person's research has made significant impact in their scholarly discipline, broadly construed, as demonstrated by independent reliable sources.”

The sources that demonstrate Graziano’s notability can be divided into four categories:

1. Graziano’s work has been reviewed and discussed in written pieces published by other scientists in mainstream, archival journals that are considered to be the highest-ranking academic journals in the field of neuroscience and therefore are considered to be reliable sources. Only notable work of the highest impact is chosen for published commentary and discussion by other scientists in these journals. Several such discussion papers are cited here, demonstrating the widespread impact of Graziano’s work. Links to these articles are also included.

Helmuth L (2002) Redrawing the brain’s map of the body. Science 296: 1587–1588. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5573/1587a

Krauzlis RJ (2002) Reaching for answers. Neuron 34: 673–674. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WSS-4621C50-T&_user=1082852&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000051401&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1082852&md5=2826d62a34f0732b38f47f62f7c4feb4

Strick PL (2002) Stimulating Research on Motor Cortex. Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 8, 714-715. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n8/full/nn0802-714.html

More, T (2004) Homeland defense begins in precentral cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 91, 1456. http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/91/4/1456

Shadmehr R (2009) The motor cortex re-imagined. Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 12, 667. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/full/nn0609-667.html

2. The few articles listed above are not the only ones to cite Graziano’s work. The primary measure of the impact of a scientific contribution is the number of citations of that work in the published work of other scientists. Citation numbers can be obtained by use of the “web of science” page: <http://apps.isiknowledge.com/UA_GeneralSearch_input.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&SID=2FAKDdNgoh7fiMlo6On&preferencesSaved=> using the search term Graziano MS*. The total number of citations for Graziano are 2620. That is, his scientific contributions have been cited by 2620 articles published in scientific journals by other scientists. This citation number is extremely high and indicates a widespread impact on the work of others.

3. Graziano’s work has gained a wide enough impact to be reported not only in the scientific academic arena, but also in the mainstream media. Three notable examples are listed below.

Discover Magazine The Year in Science: Brain 1997 Keeping Track of Things by Sarah Richardson From the January 1998 issue; published online January 1, 1998 http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jan/theyearinscience1374/?searchterm=Michael%20Graziano

Glamour Magazine: March 1998, p. 77, Kristyn Kusek, How You Find you Lover’s Lips in the Dark. (Article on Graziano’s work regarding the brain’s coding of space around the face.)

New York Times article in the SCIENCE WATCH section: Out of Sight, in Mind, By KAREN HSU. Published: July 22, 1997 http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/22/science/out-of-sight-in-mind.html?scp=4&sq=michael%20graziano&st=cse

4. While there are many scientific journals, only work considered to be of the highest impact and importance is selected for publication in the top two journals, Science and Nature. These two journals represent the top tier of science publishing. Only the most accomplished professors or academics publish any work in these journals. Publication of papers in these journals requires independent verification by expert reviewers. Acceptance of articles in top tier journals represents a stringent independent verification of academic significance. Graziano has published six articles in these two journals:

Graziano MSA (2001) An awareness of space. Nature, 411: 903-904. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v411/n6840/full/411903a0.html

Graziano MSA, Cooke DF, and Taylor CSR (2000) Coding the location of the arm by sight. Science, 290: 1782-1786. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;290/5497/1782?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=290&firstpage=1782&resourcetype=HWCIT

Gould E, Reeves AJ, Graziano MSA, and Gross CG (1999) Neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult primates. Science, 286: 548-552. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;286/5439/548?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=286&firstpage=548&resourcetype=HWCIT

Graziano MSA, Reiss LAJ, and Gross CG (1999) A neuronal representation of the location of nearby sounds. Nature, 397: 428-430. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v397/n6718/full/397428a0.html

Graziano MSA, Hu XT, and Gross CG (1997) Coding the locations of objects in the dark. Science, 277: 239-241. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;277/5323/239?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=277&firstpage=239&resourcetype=HWCIT

Graziano MSA, Yap GS, and Gross CG (1994) Coding of visual space by pre-motor neurons. Science, 266: 1054-1057. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;266/5187/1054?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=266&firstpage=1054&resourcetype=HWCIT

Finally, to quote the wiki page for academic notability:

“An alternative standard, "the academic is more notable than the average college instructor/professor" is often cited. This criterion has the advantage of being concise though it is not universally accepted. Determining the notability of an average professor is difficult in itself and usually relies on one of the nine more detailed criteria above. When used, this criterion is generally applied to indicate that a tenured full or associate professor in a high ranking institution in the US, or equivalent rank elsewhere, is above the average.”

Graziano meets this criterion. He is an associate professor at a high ranking US institution (Princeton University) and as indicated above, his work has had a wide impact. Few college instructors or professors have contributed to their academic fields to the extent that Graziano has. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mubbiton (talk • contribs)

I have now created this article for you. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 23:50, 20 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Contributions to artificial consciousness

It has been argued that a whole chapter in the Michael Graziano's book "Consciousness and the Social Brain" ^[1] is about applying Graziano's attention schema to Artificial consciousness, but there are no known primary or secondary sources that confirm this. Please help to solve that, maybe someone here has read the Graziano's book.Tkorrovi (talk) 08:42, 20 December 2015 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ Graziano, Michael (2013). Consciousness and the Social Brain. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199928644.

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[Graziano_Consciousness_and_the_Social_Brain-1] Graziano, Michael (2013). Consciousness and the Social Brain. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199928644.

[1]