Template:Katakana table
Monographs (gojūon) | Digraphs (yōon) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | i | u | e | o | ya | yu | yo | |
∅ | ア a [a] |
イ i [i] |
ウ u [ɯ] |
エ e [e][n 1] |
オ o [o] |
|||
K | カ ka [ka] |
キ ki [ki] |
ク ku [kɯ] |
ケ ke [ke] |
コ ko [ko] |
キャ kya [kʲa] |
キュ kyu [kʲɯ] |
キョ kyo [kʲo] |
S | サ sa [sa] |
シ shi [ɕi] |
ス su [sɯ] |
セ se [se] |
ソ so [so] |
シャ sha [ɕa] |
シュ shu [ɕɯ] |
ショ sho [ɕo] |
T | タ ta [ta] |
チ chi [t͡ɕi] |
ツ tsu [t͡sɯ] |
テ te [te] |
ト to [to] |
チャ cha [t͡ɕa] |
チュ chu [t͡ɕɯ] |
チョ cho [t͡ɕo] |
N | ナ na [na] |
ニ ni [ɲi] |
ヌ nu [nɯ] |
ネ ne [ne] |
ノ no [no] |
ニャ nya [ɲa] |
ニュ nyu [ɲɯ] |
ニョ nyo [ɲo] |
H | ハ ha [ha] |
ヒ hi [çi] |
フ fu [ɸɯ] |
ヘ he [he] |
ホ ho [ho] |
ヒャ hya [ça] |
ヒュ hyu [çɯ] |
ヒョ hyo [ço] |
M | マ ma [ma] |
ミ mi [mi] |
ム mu [mɯ] |
メ me [me] |
モ mo [mo] |
ミャ mya [mʲa] |
ミュ myu [mʲɯ] |
ミョ myo [mʲo] |
Y | ヤ ya [ja] |
[n 2] | ユ yu [jɯ] |
エ ye [je] / [e][n 3] |
ヨ yo [jo] |
|||
R | ラ ra [ɾa] |
リ ri [ɾi] |
ル ru [ɾɯ] |
レ re [ɾe] |
ロ ro [ɾo] |
リャ rya [ɾʲa] |
リュ ryu [ɾʲɯ] |
リョ ryo [ɾʲo] |
W | ワ wa [ɰa] |
ヰ wi [ɰi] / [i][n 4] |
[n 2] | ヱ we [ɰe] / [e][n 4] |
ヲ wo [ɰo] / [o][n 4] |
|||
Monographs with diacritics: gojūon with (han)dakuten | Digraphs with diacritics: yōon with (han)dakuten | |||||||
a | i | u | e | o | ya | yu | yo | |
G | ガ ga [ɡa] |
ギ gi [ɡi] |
グ gu [ɡɯ] |
ゲ ge [ɡe] |
ゴ go [ɡo] |
ギャ gya [ɡʲa] |
ギュ gyu [ɡʲɯ] |
ギョ gyo [ɡʲo] |
Z | ザ za [za] |
ジ ji [(d)ʑi] |
ズ zu [(d)zɯ] |
ゼ ze [ze] |
ゾ zo [zo] |
ジャ ja [(d)ʑa] |
ジュ ju [(d)ʑɯ] |
ジョ jo [(d)ʑo] |
D | ダ da [da] |
ヂ ji [(d)ʑi][n 5] |
ヅ zu [(d)zɯ][n 5] |
デ de [de] |
ド do [do] |
ヂャ ja [(d)ʑa][n 5] |
ヂュ ju [(d)ʑɯ][n 5] |
ヂョ jo [(d)ʑo][n 5] |
B | バ ba [ba] |
ビ bi [bi] |
ブ bu [bɯ] |
ベ be [be] |
ボ bo [bo] |
ビャ bya [bʲa] |
ビュ byu [bʲɯ] |
ビョ byo [bʲo] |
P | パ pa [pa] |
ピ pi [pi] |
プ pu [pɯ] |
ペ pe [pe] |
ポ po [po] |
ピャ pya [pʲa] |
ピュ pyu [pʲɯ] |
ピョ pyo [pʲo] |
Final nasal monograph | Polysyllabic monographs | |||||||
n | iu | koto | shite | toki | tomo | nari | ||
* | ン n [m n ɲ ŋ ɴ ɰ̃] |
![]() iu [jɯː] |
ヿ koto [koto] |
![]() shite [ɕite] |
![]() ![]() toki [toki] |
![]() tomo [tomo] |
![]() nari [naɾi] | |
* | ![]() domo [domo] |
|||||||
Functional graphemes | ||||||||
sokuonfu | chōonpu | odoriji (monosyllable) | odoriji (polysyllable) | |||||
* | ッ (indicates a geminate consonant) |
ー (indicates a long vowel) |
ヽ (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) |
〱 (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) | ||||
* | ヾ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
〱゙ (reduplicates and voices syllable) | ||||||
* | ヽ゚ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
〱゚ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Prior to the e/ye merger in the mid-Heian period, a different character (𛀀) was used in position e.
- ^ a b Theoretical combinations yi and wu are unused . Some katakana were invented for them by linguists in the Edo and Meiji periods in order to fill out the table, but they were never actually used in normal writing.
- ^ The combination ye existed prior to the mid-Heian period and was represented in very early katakana, but has been extinct for over a thousand years, having merged with e in the 10th century. The ye katakana (エ) was adopted for e (displacing 𛀀, the character originally used for e); the alternate katakana 𛄡 was invented for ye in the Meiji period for use in representations of Old and Early Classical Japanese so as to avoid confusion with the modern use of エ for e.
- ^ a b c The characters in positions wi and we are obsolete in modern Japanese, and have been replaced by イ (i) and エ (e). The character wo, in practice normally pronounced o, is preserved in only one use: as a particle. This is normally written in hiragana (を), so katakana ヲ sees only limited use. See Gojūon and the articles on each character for details.
- ^ a b c d e The ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) kana (often romanised as ji and zu) are primarily used for etymological spelling , when the unvoiced equivalents チ (ti) and ツ (tu) (usually romanised as chi and tsu) undergo a sound change (rendaku) and become voiced when they occur in the middle of a compound word. In other cases, the identically-pronounced ジ (ji) and ズ (zu) are used instead. ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) can never begin a word, and they are not common in katakana, since the concept of rendaku does not apply to transcribed foreign words, one of the major uses of katakana.
Usage
[edit]There are several optional parameters, default values – which are shown below – should be fine for the katakana article, but probably not for others.
Colors
[edit]If an article does not need to distinguish certain groups visually their colors can be set to the same value, e.g.: {{katakana table|obsolete color=#EFFAFA}}
(same as normal color).
-
|normal color=#EFFAFA
-
|unused color=#FFFFFF
-
|etymological color=#EFFAFA
-
|extinct color=#E9E9E9
-
|obsolete color=#D0D0D0
-
|yoon color=#F3F5DE
-
|gojuon header color=#BECFEB
-
|yoon header color=#D4D4D4
Table entries
[edit]The notes on unused, obsolete and etymological characters can be changed and combined: {{katakana table|unused text=New text for all three.|obsolete=unused|etymological=unused|legend=}}
|legend= Grey background indicates obsolete characters.
|yi=<big>イ</big><br>i
|wu=<big>ウ</big><br>u
|unused=unused
used in <ref name="unused" group="n" />|unused text=Theoretical combinations yi and wu are unused. Some katakana were invented for them by linguists in the Edo and Meiji periods in order to fill out the table, but they were never actually used in normal writing.
used for <ref name="unused">
|ye=<big>エ</big><br>e
|extinct=extinct
used in <ref name="extinct" group="n" />|extinct text=The combination ye existed in Old Japanese and was represented in very early katakana, but has been extinct for several hundred years, having merged with e. The ye katakana (𛄡) was adopted for e (displacing the 𛀀 glyph originally used for e); this evolved over time to the modern エ.
used for <ref name="extinct">
|wi=[[Wi (kana)|<big>ヰ</big>]]/<big>イ</big><br>wi/i {{IPA-ja|i|}}
|we=[[We (kana)|<big>ヱ</big>]]/<big>エ</big><br>we/e {{IPA-ja|e|}}
|wo=<big>[[Wo (kana)|ヲ]]</big><br>wo/o {{IPA-ja|o|}}
|obsolete=obsolete
used in <ref name="obsolete" group="n" />|obsolete text=The characters in positions wi and we are obsolete. The character wo, in practice normally pronounced o, is preserved in only one use: as a particle. This is normally written in hiragana (を), so katakana ヲ sees only limited use. See Gojūon and the articles on each character for details.
used for <ref name="obsolete"> in notes
|di=
|du=
|dya=
|dyu=
|dyo=
|etymological=etymological
used in <ref name="etymological" group="n" />|etymological text=The ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) kana (often romanised as ji and zu) are primarily used for etymological spelling, when the unvoiced equivalents チ (ti) and ツ (tu) (often romanised as chi and tsu) undergo a sound change (rendaku) and become voiced when they occur in the middle of a compound word. In other cases, the identically-pronounced ジ (ji) and ズ (zu) are used instead. ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) can never begin a word, and they are not common in katakana, since the concept of rendakudoes not apply to transcribed foreign words, one of the major uses of katakana.
used for <ref name="etymological">
Other table entries
|n=<big>[[N (kana)|ン]]</big><br>n {{IPA-ja|n|}} {{IPA-ja|m|}} {{IPA-ja|ŋ|}} before stop consonants;<br>n{{IPA-ja|ɴ|}} {{IPA-ja|ũ͍|}}{{IPA-ja|ĩ|}} elsewhere
|sokuon=<big>[[Sokuon|ッ]]</big><br>(indicates a [[geminate]]<br>consonant)
|choonpu=<big>[[Chōonpu|ー]]</big><br>(indicates<br>a long vowel)
|iteration mark=<big>[[ヽ]]</big><br>(reduplicates and<br>unvoices syllable)
|voiced iteration mark=<big>[[ヾ]]</big><br>(reduplicates and<br>voices syllable)
TemplateData
[edit]TemplateData for Katakana table
This template shows a table of katakana syllabograms. Usually, it would be used without parameters.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
legend | legend | Explanation of colors used
| String | optional |
gojuon header color | gojuon header color | background color for header cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
yoon header color | yoon header color | background color for header cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
normal color | normal color | background color for data cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
unused color | unused color | background color for data cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
extinct color | extinct color | background color for data cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
etymological color | etymological color | background color for data cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
obsolete color | obsolete color | background color for data cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
yoon color | yoon color | background color for data cells, any valid CSS color
| Line | optional |
Group unused | unused | reference group name for <ref> tags
| Line | optional |
Group extinct | extinct | reference group name for <ref> tags
| Line | optional |
Group obsolete | obsolete | reference group name for <ref> tags
| Line | optional |
Group etymological | etymological | reference group name for <ref> tags
| Line | optional |
Yi description | yi | followed by <ref name="{{{unused}}}"|group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Wu description | wu | followed by <ref name="{{{unused}}}"|group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Ye description | ye | followed by <ref name="{{{extinct}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Wi description | wi | followed by <ref name="{{{obsolete}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
We description | we | followed by <ref name="{{{obsolete}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Wo description | wo | followed by <ref name="{{{obsolete}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Di description | di | followed by <ref name="{{{etymological}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Du description | du | followed by <ref name="{{{etymological}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Dya description | dya | followed by <ref name="{{{etymological}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Dyu description | dyu | followed by <ref name="{{{etymological}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
Dyo description | dyo | followed by <ref name="{{{etymological}}}" group="n"/>
| String | optional |
N description | n |
| String | optional |
Sokuon description | sokuon |
| String | optional |
Choonpu description | choonpu |
| String | optional |
Iteration mark description | iteration mark |
| String | optional |
voiced iteration mark description | voiced iteration mark |
| String | optional |
unused text | unused text | text in explanatory notes
| String | optional |
extinct text | extinct text | text in explanatory notes
| String | optional |
obsolete text | obsolete text | text in explanatory notes
| String | optional |
etymological text | etymological text | text in explanatory notes
| String | optional |