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Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday

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Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAdam Marcus
Screenplay by
Story by
  • Jay Huguely
  • Adam Marcus
Based onCharacters
by Victor Miller
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyBill Dill
Edited byDavid Handman
Music byHarry Manfredini
Production
company
Distributed byNew Line Cinema[1]
Release date
  • August 13, 1993 (1993-08-13)
Running time
88 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$3 million[2]
Box office$15.9 million[3]

Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday is a 1993 American supernatural slasher film directed by Adam Marcus from a screenplay by Dean Lorey and Jay Huguely, based on a story by Huguely and Marcus. The ninth installment in the Friday the 13th franchise and a sequel to Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan (1989), it stars John D. LeMay, Kari Keegan, Erin Gray, Allison Smith, Steven Culp, Steven Williams, and Kane Hodder as Jason Voorhees, reprising his role from Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood (1988) and Jason Takes Manhattan. The film follows the ghost of Jason possessing people to continue his killings after his death. To resurrect himself, Jason must possess a member of his bloodline, but he can also be permanently killed by one of his family using a magic dagger.

The film was conceived by co-writer and director Marcus under Sean S. Cunningham, producer and director of the first film. After the low box-office returns of Jason Takes Manhattan, Paramount Pictures sold the character rights of Jason Voorhees to New Line Cinema.

Jason Goes to Hell was theatrically released on August 13, 1993, and grossed $15.9 million at the box office on a budget of $3 million, becoming the second-lowest performing film in the series, after Jason Takes Manhattan. The film was lambasted by critics and fans, criticizing the supernatural elements and lack of Jason Voorhees as a physical character.[4]

The next installment in the series, Jason X, was released in 2001, and a sequel and crossover with A Nightmare on Elm Street, Freddy vs. Jason, was released in 2003.

Plot

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A few years after his apparent death in Manhattan, Jason Voorhees returns to Crystal Lake and stalks a woman. The woman (an undercover FBI agent) leads Jason into a trap where FBI SWAT agents attack and kill him with a grenade launcher. Jason's remains are sent to a morgue, where his beating heart is eaten by the coroner, allowing Jason's soul to possess him. Jason, in the coroner's body, escapes the morgue, killing another coroner and two FBI guards.

Jason finds three teenagers at Crystal Lake and kills them. When two police officers are called to investigate, Jason kills one of them and possesses the other. Bounty hunter Creighton Duke discovers that only members of Jason's bloodline can permanently kill him, and he will return if he possesses a family member. The only living relatives of Jason are his half-sister Diana Kimble, her daughter Jessica, and Stephanie, the young daughter of Jessica and Steven Freeman.

Jason attempts to possess Diana but Steven stops him. Diana is killed, and Jason escapes. Steven is arrested for the murder of Diana. He meets Duke in prison, who gives Steven information about Jason and his connection with Jessica. Determined to get to Jessica before Jason, Steven escapes from prison. He goes to the Voorhees house to find evidence to convince Jessica of her link to Jason. Jessica's boyfriend, TV reporter Robert Campbell, receives a phone call in the house that Steven overhears, which reveals that Campbell is attempting to "spice up" ratings by revealing Jason's return from death. Jason transfers his heart to him through their mouths. Now in Campbell's body, Jason leaves and attempts to possess Jessica. Steven stops him and tries to explain everything to Jessica, but she does not believe him and goes to the police station without him.

Jason arrives and kills the officers while searching for Jessica, who he nearly possesses before Steven stops him again. Duke escapes from his cell in the resulting chaos. Now believing Steven, Jessica goes with him to the diner to get Stephanie. Jason arrives and is attacked by the owners and a waitress. Jessica and Steven discover that Duke has Stephanie, and he demands that Jessica meet him at the Voorhees house alone.

Jessica abandons Steven, meets Duke, and is given a magic dagger which she can use to permanently kill Jason. An officer enters the diner and is possessed by Jason. Duke falls through the floor of the Voorhees house as Sheriff Landis and Officer Randy arrive to confront Jessica. Landis is accidentally killed with the dagger which Jessica drops. Jason, possessing Randy, attempts to be reborn through Stephanie, but Steven arrives and kills him with a machete. Jason's heart becomes a demon which possesses Diana, allowing Jason to be reborn in his original body as Steven and Jessica rescue Duke.

While Steven and Jessica attempt to find the dagger, Duke distracts Jason and is killed. Jason and Steven fight while Jessica retrieves the dagger and stabs Jason. As the souls Jason killed are released, demons drag Jason into Hell. Freddy Krueger laughs as his bladed hand pulls the mask into Hell.

Cast

[edit]
Main article: List of Friday the 13th characters

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

Producer Sean S. Cunningham originally conceived an action-horror film in which Jason Voorhees would battle Freddy Krueger of the A Nightmare on Elm Street series.[4] Paramount Pictures, who had released the previous eight Friday the 13th films, negotiated with New Line Cinema over the rights to the series, and ultimately granted New Line rights to the Jason Voorhees character, but retained control of the Friday the 13th title. New Line placed Cunningham's idea for a Freddy-versus-Jason film on hold, prompting him to generate a different script to precede that plot line. Cunningham's original idea would later manifest as Freddy vs. Jason in 2003.[4] The studio courted John McTiernan and Tobe Hooper to helm the film.[5] Adam Marcus, who served as an apprentice for editor Susan E. Cunningham during post production for Friday the 13th Part 2, was brought in by Cunningham to direct the film under the notion that he must remove Jason's hockey mask.[6][7] Cunningham has denied ever telling Marcus to "find a way to get rid of that fucking mask",[8] however, Marcus rebukes Cunningham's claim and insists that he did not have that level of creative control.[9] Cunningham had also demanded that the events of Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan be ignored.[10] The filmmaker's initial pitch saw Elias Voorhees, Jason's father, digging up his body at the beginning of the film, eating his heart, taking on his supernatural powers and embarking on a similar killing spree. Jay Huguely was hired to flesh out Marcus' ideas into a script. According to Marcus, he had originally written the character of Steven Freeman to be Tommy Jarvis from part 4–6, but New Line Cinema only owned the rights to Jason and not Tommy and so could not legally use that character at the time. Marcus also explains that New Line Cinema did not own the Friday the 13th title, explaining why the film titles after Jason Takes Manhattan did not include the franchise name up until the 2009 remake.[11]

Huguely's draft was reportedly "[...] a hodgepodge of a script"[12] and "unintelligible".[13] Cunningham hired Dean Lorey to scrap Huguely's work and write a completely new script within four days, removing Elias Voorhees from the story as Lorey felt that Jason must be the central character.[14] Lorey's initial idea for the film saw Jason caught in between a gang war in Los Angeles, but an impending production start immediately shot down the writer's pitch.[15] Michael De Luca of New Line disliked Lorey's rewrite but greenlit the film regardless. Lorey moved onto another project, prompting the studio to turn to Leslie Bohem, who provided a polish to the script over a weekend.[13][16] Lewis Abernathy of House IV: The Repossession was enlisted for further rewrites for the opening sequence.[17]

The film marked Adam Marcus' debut film; having graduated from film school, Marcus was originally attached to direct My Boyfriend's Back for Touchstone Pictures, but the studio's parent company, Walt Disney Studios, did not want to hire a first-time director, and Marcus was dropped from the project. Marcus, who was a lifelong fan of the Friday the 13th series, developed a story in which Voorhees is destroyed at the beginning of the narrative, only to manifest in the bodies of other people and continue his rampage. Marcus would later acknowledge the concept's similarity to that of The Hidden, though he stated he had not seen the film at that time, and that the similarity was coincidental.[4] Marcus decided that he wanted to create the most deliberately stereotypical and cliché-ridden opening of the film as possible to toy with the audience's expectations, only for the story to take an unprecedented turn with Jason's unexpected "death" by the hands of the SWAT team.[14] The special effects were provided by Al Magliochetti and effects studio KNB, the former having signed on to the film after friends of his from KNB notified him of its development. The colors of the visual effects were chosen by Marcus.[18]

Casting

[edit]

Tony Todd auditioned for the role of Creighton Duke, which went to Steven Williams.[19] Laurie Holden was Adam Marcus' and Dean Lorey's choice for the role of Jessica Kimble, but Sean Cunningham overruled them and pushed for Kari Keegan instead.[16]

Filming

[edit]

Production began on July 20, 1992, in Los Angeles, California.[20] Cunningham had asked for the film to be shot at twenty two frames per second as opposed to twenty four.[21] Marcus claims he clashed with Cunningham following a dispute over creative decision near the end of filming.[22] A shower scene involving actress Kari Keegan resulted in Marcus being removed from set due to a dispute between the two, as the actress protested from doing nudity for the film. Cunningham would step in as director in place of Marcus for the final few days of the film. Approximately half of the film was reshot as Cunningham was unsatisfied with the initial cut of the film.[23] Filming concluded on September 4, 1992.[20]

Retrospective insight

[edit]

In November 2017, Adam Marcus revealed that an overlooked plot-point of the movie is that Jason Voorhees is actually connected to the Evil Dead franchise. The filmmaker stated, “Pamela Voorhees makes a deal with the devil by reading from the Necronomicon to bring back her son. This is why Jason isn’t Jason. He’s Jason plus The Evil Dead, and now I can believe that he can go from a little boy that lives in a lake, to a full grown man in a couple of months, to Zombie Jason, to never being able to kill this guy. That, to me, is way more interesting as a mashup, and [Evil Dead creator Sam] Raimi loved it! It’s not like I could tell New Line my plan to include The Evil Dead, because they don’t own The Evil Dead. So it had to be an Easter egg, and I did focus on it…there’s a whole scene that includes the book, and I hoped people would get it and could figure out that’s what I’m up to. So yes, in my opinion, Jason Voorhees is a Deadite. He’s one of The Evil Dead.”[24]

In December 2017 on the podcast Cinema Toast Crunchcast,[9] Marcus revealed Creighton Duke's intended backstory, "A teenage Creighton was out on Crystal Lake with his girlfriend. Jason capsized their small boat and pulled the girl down into the lake. Creighton tried to save her but could not. She was never seen again. Creighton vowed revenge and from that moment on he spent his life in the study and pursuit of Jason. He became a bounty hunter just to fund his work in taking down his nemesis."[25]

Music

[edit]
Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday
Soundtrack album by
Harry Manfredini
ReleasedJanuary 29, 2005 (Edel Screen)
Recorded1993
GenreFilm score
Length52:52
LabelEdel Screen

The film's musical score was composed by Harry Manfredini, who had previously composed music for the first seven films in the series.[26] A soundtrack album was released by Edel Screen as a CD in the United States in 1993.[27]

Home media

[edit]

The film was released on DVD in North America by New Line Home Video in 2002, and includes two cuts: the theatrical cut, created to receive an R rating from the MPAA, and the unrated (or director's) cut, which runs three minutes longer than the theatrical version and contains material beyond what is allowed under the R rating.[28] In certain regions of the world, including Australia, the DVD was only released with the R-rated version of the film available to view.

On September 13, 2013, Paramount and Warner Bros. co-released Friday the 13th: The Complete Collection in a Blu-ray box set, featuring each of the twelve films in the franchise;[29] this marked the first Blu-ray release of Jason Goes to Hell. This collection is currently out of print, but the film has been released separately in the higher definition format with its successor, Jason X.[30]

Both the theatrical and unrated versions of the film were added to the Friday the 13th: The Ultimate Collection Blu-ray set that Scream Factory released in October 2020.

The movie was also released on VHS on January 19, 1994.

Reception

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Box office

[edit]

Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday debuted in U.S. theaters on Friday, August 13, 1993, to a weekend box office total of $7.6 million across 1,355 screens.[31] The film would go on to gross a final domestic total of $15.9 million and an approximate total of 3,849,050 admissions, making it the third-least attended film in the franchise, narrowly beating Jason Takes Manhattan (1989) and Jason X (2001). It placed at number 86 on the list of the year's Top 100 earners.[32]

Critical response

[edit]

On the Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday holds a 16% approval rating, based on 19 reviews.[33] On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 17 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".[34]

The Los Angeles Times's Michael Wilmington praised the performance of Gant as well as Harry Manfredini's score, but noted "ludicrous characters", "garbled nonstop gore", and poor lighting as notable faults.[35] Richard Harrington of The Washington Post wrote of the film: "The scriptwriters try to conjure some history/mythology to validate the plot's twists and turns, but the whole thing ends up more confusing than Days of Our Lives on fast-forward."[36] Terry Kelleher of Newsday similarly criticized the plot, referring to it as a "confusing mess," though he conceded the film "offers a little humor."[37]

Stephen Holden of The New York Times noted: "The ninth episode in the phenomenally successful series, which began in 1980, The Final Friday is a largely incoherent movie that generates little suspense and relies for the majority of its thrills on close-up gore...Such gratuitous sadism gives The Final Friday an edge of sourness that is unusual for a horror movie. It doesn't help that Jason's intended victims (and the actors who play them) are pallid sitting ducks."[38] The Boston Globe's Betsy Sherman wrote: "First time director Adam Marcus plays around nicely with the F13 cliches, but doesn't have much original to add. The movie has a crowdpleasing final shot that suggests that the real joy ride to hell will be next time around. Maybe."[39]

Writing for Variety, Greg Evans criticized the screenplay as well as Marcus's direction: "With one or two exceptions, freshman director Adam Marcus forgoes the camp humor and inside jokes that marked the tail end of the slasher craze, opting instead for a straightforward Saturday night drive-in approach...Blame Marcus for the film’s complete lack of tension and style, but also point a machete or two at a bland, occasionally inept cast and scripters unable to contribute a single innovation to the genre."[40]

Robert Cauthorn of the Arizona Daily Star wrote: "Yeah, there's a lot of shower taking and slaughter here. And a plot about evil bloodlines, tabloid TV, soul shifting, and God knows what else. It doesn't make a lick of sense, but it's a definite improvement over the other non-movies in the series."[41] The Statesman Journal's Ron Cowan wrote: "The ninth version of this fitful series is easily the clumsiest, worst acted, most gory and worst written of the bunch, as ready to indulge in sexual titillation as sadism and oozing bodies."[42] Kory Wilcoxson of The Courier-Journal also criticized the film's gratuitous violence, adding that "the plot is ridiculous, the dialogue wooden and the acting a laugh. But you know that going in. The question is: Is it scary? Not really. It's more disgusting than frightening."[43]

Other media

[edit]

Comic books

[edit]
The unmasked Jason Voorhees from Jason Goes to Hell, as depicted in Friday the 13th: The Game.

A three-issue comic adaptation of Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday written by Andy Mangels was published by Topps Comics. As the comics are based upon the original shooting script of the film, elements that were left out of the film are used in them.

Trading card

[edit]

Topps also released a series of trading cards for the film.[citation needed]

Novelization

[edit]

The FBI sting that occurs at the beginning of the film is foreshadowed in the novel Friday the 13th: Hate-Kill-Repeat, which takes place between the events of the seventh and eighth films. The epilogue of the book states that the FBI, upon discovering Jason Voorhees actually exists, have begun making plans to trap him and "send him straight to Hell."[44]

Other references

[edit]

Video games

[edit]

The Jason Goes to Hell depiction of Jason Voorhees is featured in 2017's Friday the 13th: The Game. Because of a continuity error in the film regarding Jason's damaged eye, his in-game character model is mirrored from his movie counterpart. As the Gun Media developers explained, "In [Jason Goes to Hell], everyone kind of knows there was a mistake made with Jason's undermask. It's Jason's left eye that’s supposed to be damaged, 'cause in Part 4 he takes the machete to the head. But in [Jason Goes to Hell], it was reversed by accident. So we decided to fix it." The game officially reveals Jason's facial appearance from underneath the mask, which was not seen in the film.[47]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on November 5, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  2. ^ "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday (1993)". The Numbers. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  3. ^ "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 2023-08-22. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  4. ^ a b c d Daniel Farrands (dir.) (2013). Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th (Blu-ray). Image Entertainment. ASIN B00YT9IS1G.
  5. ^ White, James (September 30, 2009). "The Story Behind Friday The 13th". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  6. ^ Click, Joey (September 4, 2017). "Friday the 13th: Jason Goes to Hell Director Says Cunningham Told Him Get Rid of Jason". 1428Elm. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  7. ^ Cooper, Aaron (October 30, 2020). "Crystal Lake Confessions: Jason Goes to Hell - The Final Friday". BeardedGentlemenMusic. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  8. ^ Sean Cunningham (October 2016). "Sean Cunningham: That's a F*ckin Lie" (live panel). Scarefest 2016, Lexington, Kentucky. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved December 24, 2019 – via YouTube.{{cite interview}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  9. ^ a b "Adam Marcus Interview". Archived from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  10. ^ Martin, Ben (March 6, 2021). "Franchise Expansion (Or Implosion) — Jason Goes To Hell: The Final Friday". Comicon. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  11. ^ "Adam Marcus" (Podcast). Without Your Head. May 18, 2018. Event occurs at 21:22. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  12. ^ John LeMay (2006). "Crystal Lake Memories: Complete History of Friday the 13th" Friday the 13th DVD (Special Features) (DVD (Region 2)). United States: WB.
  13. ^ a b Brack, Peter, pp. 518
  14. ^ a b Marc Shapiro (September 1993). "I Wrote For a Zombie". Fangoria. No. 126.
  15. ^ Kennedy, Michael (January 21, 2020). "Friday the 13th Part 9 's Original Story (Before Jason Goes To Hell)". ScreenRant. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  16. ^ a b Lorey, Dean (May 5, 2011). "FRIDAY THE 13TH PT 9: JASON GOES TO HELL". DeanLorey.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  17. ^ Konda, Kelly (March 28, 2014). "13 Things You May Not Know About Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". WeMinoredInFilm. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  18. ^ Bene, Jason (December 19, 2017). "[Exclusive] Artist Al Magliochetti Talks the Visual Effects of 'Jason Goes to Hell'". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  19. ^ Bracke, Peter (2006-10-11). Crystal Lake Memories - The Complete History of Friday the 13th. United Kingdom: Titan Books. p. 92. ISBN 1-84576-343-2.
  20. ^ a b "Jason Goes to Hell - The Final Friday - Cast and Crew". Lair of Horror. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  21. ^ "Vern's Reviews: Jason Goes to Hell". OutlawVern. October 18, 2021. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  22. ^ Midnight's Edge (August 25, 2018). "Friday the 13th: Jason Goes to Hell 25th Anniversary Interview with Writer and Director Adam Marcus". Youtube. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  23. ^ Konda, Kelly (March 28, 2014). "13 Things You May Not Know About Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". WeMinoredInFilm. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  24. ^ "Friday the 13th's Jason Voorhees is Indeed a Deadite". Screen Rant. 2 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  25. ^ Squires, John (December 27, 2017). "'Jason Goes to Hell' Director Reveals Creighton Duke's History With Jason". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  26. ^ "Harry Manfredini: Filmography". www.harrymanfredini.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  27. ^ "Jason Goes To Hell: The Final Friday- Soundtrack details - SoundtrackCollector.com". www.soundtrackcollector.com. Archived from the original on 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  28. ^ Tyner, Adam (October 7, 2002). "Jason Goes to Hell: DVD Talk Review". DVD Talk. Archived from the original on December 21, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  29. ^ "Friday the 13th: The Complete Collection". High Def Digest. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  30. ^ "FRIDAY THE 13TH THE COMPLETE COLLECTION Coming to Blu-ray, 9/13". Broadway World. June 11, 2013. Archived from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  31. ^ Fox, David J. (August 17, 1993). "Weekend Box Office : 'The Fugitive' Continues Fast Run". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  32. ^ "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  33. ^ "Jason Goes to Hell - The Final Friday". Rotten Tomatoes. 8 October 2002. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  34. ^ "Jason Goes to Hell - The Final Friday". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  35. ^ Wilmington, Michael (August 17, 1993). "'Final Friday' for Jason? Don't Bet on it". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida: Los Angeles Times. p. 3D. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  36. ^ "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". The Washington Post. August 14, 1993. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  37. ^ Kelleher, Terry (August 16, 1993). "'Jason' takes stab at humor". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Cincinnati, Ohio: Newsday. p. C3. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  38. ^ Holden, Stephen (August 14, 1993). "Review/Film; Jason's End? You Gotta Have Heart". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  39. ^ Sherman, Betsy (August 13, 1993). "Latest 'Friday' not very scary or stylish". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. p. 22. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  40. ^ Evans, Greg (August 16, 1993). "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday". Variety. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  41. ^ Cauthorn, Robert S. (August 20, 1993). "'Jason Goes to Hell' zips down hack-and-wink horror road". Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona. p. 6. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  42. ^ Cowan, Ron (August 20, 1993). "Let's hope this really is 'Final Friday'". Statesman Journal. Salem, Oregon. p. 9. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  43. ^ Wilcoxson, Kory (August 14, 1993). "'Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday' Movie Review". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. p. 25. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  44. ^ Arnopp, Jason (2005-10-25). Friday the 13th: Hate-Kill-Repeat. Black Flame. ISBN 1-84416-271-0.
  45. ^ Bracke, Peter, pg. 238
  46. ^ "'Freddy vs Jason vs Ash' Script Treatment!!!". Bloody Disgusting. 2005-03-08. Archived from the original on 2005-04-15. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
  47. ^ "PAX East 2017 Panel: 'Killer' Trailer and Savini-Skin Reveal!". Gun Media. 2017-03-15. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2017-03-15.
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