The Horse Soldiers
| The Horse Soldiers | |
|---|---|
 1959 movie poster | |
| Directed by | John Ford |
| Written by | John Lee Mahin (screenplay) Martin Rackin (screenplay) Harold Sinclair (novel) |
| Produced by | John Lee Mahin Martin Rackin |
| Starring | John Wayne William Holden Constance Towers Althea Gibson |
| Cinematography | William H. Clothier |
| Edited by | Jack Murray |
| Music by | David Buttolph |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
Release date |
|
Running time | 119 min. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $4 million (est. US/ Canada rentals)[1] |
The Horse Soldiers is a 1959 drama film set in Mississippi during the American Civil War. Loosely based on Harold Sinclair's 1956 novel by the same name, it was directed by John Ford and starred John Wayne, William Holden and Constance Towers. Althea Gibson, US tennis champion, had a minor role and insisted that her dialogue be rewritten, as she found its dialect demeaning. John Lee Mahin and Martin Rackin produced the movie and wrote its screenplay.
Background
The film was loosely based on Harold Sinclair's 1956 novel of the same name,[2] which in turn was based on the historic 17-day Grierson's Raid and Battle of Newton's Station in Mississippi during the Civil War.
In April 1863, Colonel Benjamin Grierson led 1700 Illinois and Iowa soldiers from LaGrange, Tennessee to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, through several hundred miles of enemy territory, destroying Confederate railroad and supply lines between Newton's Station and Vicksburg, Mississippi. The mission was part of the Union Army's successful Vicksburg campaign to gain control over boat traffic on the Mississippi River, culminating in the Battle of Vicksburg.[3] Grierson's destruction of Confederate-controlled rail links and supplies played an important role in disrupting Confederate General John C. Pemberton's strategies and troop deployments. Union General William Tecumseh Sherman reportedly described Grierson's daring mission as "the most brilliant of the war".[4]
Plot summary
A Union cavalry brigade led by Colonel John Marlowe (John Wayne)—a railroad engineer in civilian life—is sent on a raid behind Confederate lines to destroy a railroad and supply depot at Newton Station. Major Henry Kendall (William Holden), a regimental surgeon who is torn between duty and the horror of war, is constantly at odds with Marlowe.
While the unit rests at Greenbriar Plantation, Miss Hannah Hunter (Constance Towers), the plantation's mistress, and her slave, Lukey (Althea Gibson) eavesdrop on a staff meeting as Marlowe discusses his battle strategy. To protect the secrecy of the mission, Marlowe is forced to take the two women with him. Initially hostile to her Yankee captor, Miss Hunter gradually warms to him. In addition to Kendall and Miss Hunter, Marlowe also must contend with Col. Phil Secord (Willis Bouchey), who continually second-guesses Marlowe's orders and command decisions.
Several battles ensue, including a fire fight during which Lukey is killed, and a skirmish with boy cadets from a local military school (based on the actual Battle of New Market). After destroying the crucial supply line, and with Confederate forces in pursuit, the brigade reaches a bridge that must be stormed in order to access the Union lines. Marlowe's men rig it with explosive charges, and Marlowe bids Hannah farewell. Kendall chooses to remain behind with some badly wounded men—knowing he will be captured with them—rather than leave them, defenseless, to the mercy of the Confederates. Marlowe, though wounded, lights the fuse and leads his troops across the bridge before it is destroyed, halting the Confederate advance. Their mission accomplished, he and his brigade continue on toward Baton Rouge.
Cast
- John Wayne as Colonel John Marlowe
- William Holden as Major Henry 'Hank' Kendall
- Constance Towers as Miss Hannah Hunter of Greenbriar
- Althea Gibson as Lukey, Miss Hunter's fiercely loyal black maid
- Judson Pratt as Sergeant Major Kirby
- Ken Curtis as Cpl. Wilkie
- Willis Bouchey as Col. Phil Secord
- Bing Russell as Dunker, Yankee Soldier Amputee
- O.Z. Whitehead as Otis 'Hoppy' Hopkins (medical assistant)
- Hank Worden as Deacon Clump
- Chuck Hayward as Union captain
- Denver Pyle as Jackie Jo (rebel deserter)
- Strother Martin as Virgil (rebel deserter)
- Basil Ruysdael as The Reverend (Jefferson Military Academy)
- Carleton Young as Col. Jonathan Miles, CSA
- William Leslie as Maj. Richard Gray
- William Henry as Confederate lieutenant
- Walter Reed as Union officer
- Anna Lee as Mrs. Buford
- William Forrest as Gen. Steve Hurlburt
- Ron Hagerthy as Bugler
- Russell Simpson as Acting Sheriff Henry Goodbody
- Hoot Gibson as Sgt. Brown
Production
Exterior scenes were filmed in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, along the banks of Cane River Lake, and in and around Natchez, Mississippi, including at Washington.[5] The film company built a bridge over the Cane River for the pivotal battle scene, and many locals were hired as extras.[5]
The project was plagued from the start by cost overruns, discord, and tragedy. Holden and Ford argued incessantly. Wayne was preoccupied with pre-production logistics for The Alamo.[6] Lukey's dialog was originally written in a stereotypic "Negro" dialect that Althea Gibson, the former Wimbledon and U.S. National tennis champion who was cast in the role, found offensive. She informed Ford that she would not deliver her lines as written. Though Ford was notorious for his intolerance of actors' demands,[7] he agreed to modify the script.[8]
During filming of the climactic battle scene, veteran stuntman Fred Kennedy suffered a broken neck while performing a horse fall and died. "Ford was completely devastated," wrote biographer Joseph Malham. "[He] felt a deep responsibility for the lives of the men who served under him."[9] The film was scripted to end with the triumphant arrival of Marlowe's forces in Baton Rouge, but Ford "simply lost interest" after Kennedy's death. He ended the film with Marlowe's farewell to Hannah Hunter before crossing and blowing up the bridge.[10]
The film was a commercial failure; analysts said this was due largely to Wayne's and Holden's high salaries, and the complex participation of multiple production companies. The response of audiences and critics was "lackluster".[11]
Historical accuracy
Though based loosely on Grierson's Raid, The Horse Soldiers is a fictional account that departs considerably from the actual events. The real-life protagonist, a music teacher named Benjamin Grierson, becomes railroad engineer John Marlowe in the film. Hannah Hunter, Marlowe's love interest, has no historical counterpart. Numerous other details were altered as well, "to streamline and popularize the story for the non-history buffs who would make up a large part of the audience."[12]
See also
References
- ^ "1959: Probable Domestic Take", Variety, 6 January 1960 p 34
- ^ Sinclair, H. The Horse Soldiers. Harper & Brothers (1965). ASIN: B0000CJIT1.
- ^ Jones, Terry L. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the Civil War. Scarecrow Press. p. 621. ISBN 978-0-8108-7811-2.
- ^ Malham, J. John Ford: Poet in the Desert. Lake Street Press (2013), pp. 261-2. ISBN 978-1-936181-08-7.
- ^ a b York, Neil Longley (January 2001). Fiction as Fact: The Horse Soldiers and Popular Memory. Kent State University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-87338-688-3.
- ^ Malham (2013), pp. 262-3.
- ^ Gallagher, T. John Ford: The Man and His Films. University of California Press (1988), p. 93. ISBN 0520063341.
- ^ Gray, FC; Lamb, YR. Born to Win: The Authorized Biography of Althea Gibson John Wiley & Sons (2004), pp. 120-1. ISBN 978-0471471653.
- ^ Malham (2013), pp. 263-4.
- ^ Malham (2013), p. 264.
- ^ Malham (2013), p. 264.
- ^ York, N.L. Fiction as Fact: Horse Soldiers and Popular Memory. Kent State University Press (2001). ISBN 087338685X
External links
