# Thermoeconomics

Thermoeconomics, also referred to as biophysical economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory.[1] Thermoeconomics can be thought of as the statistical physics of economic value[2] and is a subfield of econophysics.

It is the study of the ways and means by which human societies procure and use energy and other biological and physical resources to produce, distribute, consume and exchange goods and services, while generating various types of waste and environmental impacts. Biophysical economics builds on both social sciences and natural sciences to overcome some of the most fundamental limitations and blind spots of conventional economics. It makes it possible to understand some key requirements and framework conditions for economic growth, as well as related constraints and boundaries.[3]

## Thermodynamics

"Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se transforme"

"Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed."

-Antoine Lavoisier, one of the fathers of chemistry

Thermoeconomists maintain that human economic systems can be modeled as thermodynamic systems. Thermoeconomists argue that economic systems always involve matter, energy, entropy, and information.[4][5] Then, based on this premise, theoretical economic analogs of the first and second laws of thermodynamics are developed.[6] The global economy is viewed as an open system.

Moreover, many economic activities result in the formation of structures. Thermoeconomics applies the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to model these activities.[1] In thermodynamic terminology, human economic activity may be described as a dissipative system, which flourishes by consuming free energy in transformations and exchange of resources, goods, and services.[7][8]

A comprehensive and accurate model of how real economic systems work.

## Energy Return on Investment

${\displaystyle EROI={\frac {\text{Energy returned to society}}{\text{Energy required to get that energy}}}}$

Thermoeconomics is based on the proposition that the role of energy in biological evolution should be defined and understood not through the second law of thermodynamics but in terms of such economic criteria as productivity, efficiency, and especially the costs and benefits (or profitability) of the various mechanisms for capturing and utilizing available energy to build biomass and do work.[9][10][dubious ]

Quality EROI

## Peak Oil

Current US/Global Oil/Energy situation

### Political Implications

"[T]he escalation of social protest and political instability around the world is causally related to the unstoppable thermodynamics of global hydrocarbon energy decline and its interconnected environmental and economic consequences."[11]

### Energy Backed Credit

Under this analysis, a reduction of GDP in advanced economies is now likely:

1. when we can no longer access consumption via adding credit, and
2. with a shift towards lower quality and more costly energy and resources.

The 20th  century experienced increasing energy quality and decreasing energy prices. The 21st century will be a story of decreasing energy quality and increasing energy cost.[12]

## References

1. ^ a b Sieniutycz, Stanislaw; Salamon, Peter (1990). Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-8448-1668-X.
2. ^ Chen, Jing (2005). The Physical Foundation of Economics - an Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific. ISBN 981-256-323-7.
3. ^ "What is biophysical economics?". BiophysEco. 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
4. ^ Baumgarter, Stefan. (2004). Thermodynamic Models, Modeling in Ecological Economics (Ch. 18) Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ Pokrovskii, Vladimir (2020). Thermodynamics of Complex Systems: Principles and applications. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK.
6. ^ Burley, Peter; Foster, John (1994). Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1.
7. ^ Raine, Alan; Foster, John; Potts, Jason (2006). "The new entropy law and the economic process". Ecological Complexity. 3 (4): 354–360. doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.02.009.
8. ^ Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley (2009). "Economies evolve by energy dispersal". Entropy. 11 (4): 606–633. Bibcode:2009Entrp..11..606A. doi:10.3390/e11040606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
9. ^ Peter A. Corning 1*, Stephen J. Kline. (2000). Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: Thermoeconomics and Control information Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Apr. 07, Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 453 – 482
10. ^ Corning, P. (2002). "Thermoeconomics – Beyond the Second Law Archived 2008-09-22 at the Wayback Machine"
11. ^ Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq (2017). Failing states, collapsing systems : biophysical triggers of political violence. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-47816-6. OCLC 965142394.
12. ^ Hagens, N. J. (2020-03-01). "Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism". Ecological Economics. 169: 106520. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106520. ISSN 0921-8009.