Treaty of Pyzdry
The Treaty of Pyzdry (Peisern) was signed on 2 November 1390 between Jogaila, king of Poland and Wartislaw VII of Pomerania-Stolp.[1] The treaty, signed in Pyzdry, contained an oath of vassalage of Wartislaw to Jogaila, the obligation to support the latter in the Polish-Teutonic War, and mutual trade alleviations for Pomeranian and Polish merchants.[2] Wartislaw VII, who with his brothers was allied with the Teutonic Order before,[3] received the Polish castellany of Nakło (Nakel) and probably some adjacent areas as a fief.[4][5]
Interpretation of the treaty
Since the treaty does not specify the oath of vassalage of Wartislaw VII to Jagiello,[6] different interpretations of the treaty are offered by historians:
- Gòrski (1947),[7] Labuda (1948),[7] Bardach (1960),[8] Fenrych (1961)[7] and Czaplinski (1970)[6] said the oath was for all territory held by Wartislaw VII, including Pomerania-Stolp;
- Mitkowski (1946),[7] Zientara (1969)[7] and Jasienica (1978)[9] said the oath was for the territory Waritislaw received as fiefs from Jagiello (especially Naklo/Nakel);
- Mielcarz (1976)[7] said the oath was binding only Wartislaw himself, as a person, to Jogaila;
- Gumowski (1951)[7] said the document shows Wartislaw giving a general solemn promise of service.
In recent historiography, Kosman (1995) interprets the treaty in a way that Pomerania-Stolp became a Polish fief,[10] while Dzięgielewski (1995),[11] Czacharowski (2001)[12] and Buchholz (1999)[4] say the treaty was an alliance and the oath refers to Naklo being held as a Polish fief. Piskorski (1999) says that after the Duchy of Pomerania retained the Imperial immediacy it had gained in 1348 throughout the 14th and 15th centuries.[13] With respect to the discourse in Polish historiography, Branig and Buchholz (1997) say that however the treaty is interpreted, it did not have any significance for the future.[14]
Aftermath
During the Polish-Teutonic wars, the Pomeranian dukes changed sides between Poland and the knights very frequently.[15] Wartislaw's brothers Barnim V and Bogislaw VIII took on a friendly attitude towards the Teutonic Order, and Naklo returned to the Polish Crown after Wartislaw's death.[15] Wartislaw went on a pilgrimage in 1392/1393,[16] and died either in 1394 or 1395.[17]
References
- ^ Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (in German). Münster-Berlin: Koehler&Amelang. p. 187. ISBN 3-7338-0195-4.
- ^ Inachin, Kyra T. (2008). Die Geschichte Pommerns (in German). Rostock: Hinstorff. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-356-01044-2.
- ^ Michael Müller-Wille, ed. (1995). Slawen und Deutsche im südlichen Ostseeraum vom 11. bis zum 16. Jahrhundert. Wachholtz. p. 153. ISBN 3-529-06452-1.
- ^ a b Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.157, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
- ^ Czacharowski, Antoni (2001). Bürgertum und Rittertum im Spätmittelalter. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. p. 146. ISBN 83-231-1304-1.
- ^ a b Władysław Czapliński, Tadeusz Ładogórski, Atlas historyczny polski, Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych, 1970, p.12
- ^ a b c d e f g Branig, Hans; Werner Buchholz (1997). Werner Buchholz (ed.). Geschichte Pommerns, Volume I, Vom Werden des neuzeitlichen Staates bis zum Verlust der staatlichen Selbständigkeit, 1300-1648. Böhlau. pp. 29–30. ISBN 3-412-07189-7.
- ^ Juliusz Bardach, Historia państwa i prawa Polski, Volume 1, Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe, 1964, p.589
- ^ Jasienica, Paweł (1978). Jagiellonian Poland. American Institute of Polish Culture. p. 100.
- ^ Marceli Kosman, Na tropach bohaterów Krzyżaków, Książka i Wiedza, 1995, ISBN 83-05-12746-X, p.27
- ^ Dzięgielewski, Jan (1995). Encyklopedia historii Polski: dzieje polityczne. Vol. II. Morex. p. 520. ISBN 83-904121-2-8.
- ^ Czacharowski, Antoni (2001). Bürgertum und Rittertum im Spätmittelalter. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. pp. 146–148. ISBN 83-231-1304-1.
- ^ Piskorski, Jan Maria (1999). Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten. Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich. p. 103. ISBN 83-906184-8-6. OCLC 43087092.
- ^ Branig, Hans; Werner Buchholz (1997). Werner Buchholz (ed.). Geschichte Pommerns, Volume I, Vom Werden des neuzeitlichen Staates bis zum Verlust der staatlichen Selbständigkeit, 1300-1648. Böhlau. p. 30. ISBN 3-412-07189-7.
- ^ a b Czacharowski, Antoni (2001). Bürgertum und Rittertum im Spätmittelalter. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. p. 148. ISBN 83-231-1304-1.
- ^ Piskorski, Jan Maria (1999). Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten. Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich. p. 117. ISBN 83-906184-8-6. OCLC 43087092.
- ^ Zdrenka, Joachim (1995). "Die Pilgerfahrten der pommerschen Herzöge ins Heilige Land in den Jahren 1392/1393 und 1406/1407". Baltische Studien. 81 (127). Marburg: Elwert: 10–11.