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PA regt[edit]

209th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
State Flag of Pennsylvania, circa 1863.
Active16 September 1864–2 June 1865
CountryUnited States of America
AllegianceUnion
BranchUnion Army
RoleInfantry
EngagementsAmerican Civil War

The 209th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War. Raised in southern and eastern Pennsylvania in September 1864, the regiment initially served with the Army of the James during the Siege of Petersburg, holding trenches at Bermuda Hundred. In late November it transferred to the Army of the Potomac and during the northern hemisphere spring campaign fought in the counterattack during the Battle of Fort Stedman and the Union breakthrough at Petersburg. During last days of the Appomattox Campaign it guarded trains, and participated in the Grand Review of the Armies following the end of the war before mustering out.

History[edit]

Formation and Army of the James service[edit]

The 209th Pennsylvania was raised in western Pennsylvania during August and September 1864 in response to President Abraham Lincoln's call for 500,000 men. A large number of its soldiers were veterans on their second enlistment.[1] Companies E, H, I, and K were composed of men recruited in Westmoreland County, Company A recruited in Crawford County, Company B in Jefferson County, Company C in McKean and Jefferson Counties, Company D in Mercer County, Company F in Erie County, and Company G in Warren County. The ten companies of the regiment moved to Camp Reynolds near Pittsburgh, where they were organized on 16 September under the command of volunteer officer Colonel James H. Trimble. After completing its organization, the 209th Pennsylvania was sent to the front and took up positions in the trenches at Bermuda Hundred on 20 September; it joined the Provisional Brigade of the Defenses of Bermuda Hundred of the Army of the James in the Siege of Petersburg.[2][3]

Soon after its arrival at the front, the regiment mounted the parapets of its trenches and exposed itself to Confederate fire to divert attention from the successful Union attack on Fort Harrison; two men of Company F were killed by a single shell during this action. The regiment held a picket line from the James River opposite Dutch Gap through dense woods to its camp in a cleared area whose apex projected near the Confederate line. Fraternization between the opposing pickets was routine, but this state of affairs ended when Confederate division commander George Pickett launched a night attack on 17 November that captured 54 Union pickets and the angle, where a redoubt was constructed. Union commander Ulysses S. Grant considered retaking it inadvisable, and from this point hostilities in earnest resumed in the regimental sector, forcing its soldiers to remain under cover while in the trenches.[2]

Army of the Potomac service during late 1864 and early 1865[edit]

The regiment and the rest of the Pennsylvania regiments which formed the Provisional Brigade were relieved by a United States Colored Troops brigade on 27 November and transferred to the IX Corps of the Army of the Potomac, holding positions on the southern bank of the Appomattox River. The brigade was organized during December into the 3rd Division of the corps, commanded by Brigadier General John F. Hartranft. The 209th became part of the 2nd Brigade of Colonel Joseph A. Mathews alongside the 205th and 207th Pennsylvania. During the northern hemisphere winter of 1864–1865, the regiment conducted training and participated in several forays without participating in fighting, including support of the Weldon Railroad expedition between 7 and 11 December, although it did much fortifying during the Battle of Hatcher's Run from 5 to 7 February 1865.[3] Trimble resigned on 18 March, and was replaced in command by Lieutenant Colonel Levi A. Dodd. The regiment encamped in the rear of IX Corps halfway between Fort Howard and Fort Alexander Hayes on the Army Line Railroad, a supporting position on the far left of the division.[4]

Fort Stedman[edit]

A bombproof at Fort Stedman

When Fort Stedman was captured by a Confederate attack before dawn on 25 March, the regiment was in camp almost four miles away. Command devolved on Captain William A. Coulter of Company D as Dodd was sick in hospital and Major Augustus A. Mechling was absent. The regiment was ordered to march to the division headquarters, arriving there by 06:30. Having formed up on the high open ground near Meade Station to the rear of Fort Stedman,[5] the relatively large regiment with almost 600 men advanced in line in accordance with Hartranft's plan to use it to draw Confederate artillery fire. Hartranft led the advance, which was the signal for the attack of the rest of the division.[4] The fort was quickly recaptured after the Union counterattack resulted in the retreat of the exhausted Confederate troops; the 209th Pennsylvania lost one killed and ten wounded in the fighting[6] while capturing the rear of the fort.[7]

Petersburg breakthrough and Appomattox[edit]

Confederate defenses of Fort Mahone at Petersburg, Virginia, 1865, where the regiment fought on 2 April

The regiment fought in the Appomattox Campaign between 28 March and 9 April, during which it participated in the Union breakthrough at Petersburg on 2 April. The regiment prepared for the assault along with the rest of the division on the night of 30 March, but it was postponed until the morning of 2 April. After marching to the camp of the 207th Pennsylvania just before midnight on 1 April, the 209th moved to the front at 03:30 on 2 April, and took positions alongside the brigade with its left on the Jerusalem Plank Road. Lieutenant Albert Alexander of Company D commanded a detail of pioneers from the brigade, which cut down the abatis and chevaux de frise in front of the Confederate positions despite artillery fire. Behind the pioneers, the division advanced, with the 209th closely behind the 207th and 205th Pennsylvania in the column of the brigade.[8] Dodd led the 209th and elements of the 207th towards Fort Mahone after the initial breakthrough and captured it, then brought artillerymen up to turn the guns around.[9] The regiment repulsed multiple counterattacks in fierce fighting, suffering a total of 135 casualties: four officers and seventeen men killed, four officers and 89 men wounded, and 21 missing. Among the dead were Lieutenant Colonel Charles McLain and Alexander, while Major Elias B. Lee was mortally wounded.[6] Privates John C. Ewing of Company E and Amzi D. Harmon of Company K were awarded the Medal of Honor for capturing the flags of the 61st Alabama and the 45th North Carolina, respectively.[10]

On the night of 3 April, the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia retreated from Petersburg, which the division entered on the following morning, meeting little resistance. The 209th picketed the bank of the Appomattox River and saved the railroad bridge and part of the foot bridge from fires started by Confederate forces before marching back to camp in midday.[11] During the pursuit of the Confederate forces it guarded the trains as the army advanced along the Southside Railroad, receiving news of the Confederate surrender at Nottoway Court House on 9 April. The 209th remained there Nottoway Court House until 20 April, then moved to City Point and lastly Alexandria between 20 and 28 April, where it remained until mustering out. After participating in the Grand Review of the Armies on 23 May, it mustered out on 2 June.[12] During it service, the regiment lost six officers and 38 men killed or mortally wounded, and 53 men to disease, for a total of 97.[3]

Monuments[edit]

The designation of the 209th Pennsylvania is inscribed on the monument to Hartranft's division on the site of Fort Mahone in Petersburg. Its 1909 dedication was attended by veterans of the regiment and the entire division.[13]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Huidekoper 1913, pp. 1–2.
  2. ^ a b Bates 1871, p. 751.
  3. ^ a b c Dyer 1908, p. 1625.
  4. ^ a b Bates 1871, p. 752.
  5. ^ Bearss 2014, p. 288.
  6. ^ a b Bates 1871, p. 753.
  7. ^ Bearss 2014, p. 290.
  8. ^ Huidekoper 1913, p. 19.
  9. ^ United States War Department 1894, p. 1069.
  10. ^ United States War Department 1894, pp. 1064–1065.
  11. ^ Huidekoper 1913, p. 22.
  12. ^ Bates 1871, p. 754.
  13. ^ Embick 1913, p. 73. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFEmbick1913 (help)

Bibliography[edit]

  • Bates, Samuel P. (1871). History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5. Vol. V. Harrisburg: State Printer.
  • Bearss, Edwin C. (2014). The Petersburg Campaign. Vol. 2: The Western Front Battles, September 1864 – April 1865. With Bryce A. Suderow. Savas Beatie. ISBN 978-1-61121-104-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Des Moines, IA: Dyer Publishing Company.
  • Embick, Milton A., ed. (1913). History of the Third Division. Ninth Corps, Army of the Potomac. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: C.E. Aughinbaugh, State Printer.
    • Embick, Milton A. (1913). "Dedication of the Monuments to the Third Division Ninth Army Corps at Forts Mahone and Stedman, Petersburg, Virginia, May 19, 1909". In Embick, Milton A. (ed.). History of the Third Division. Ninth Corps, Army of the Potomac. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: C.E. Aughinbaugh, State Printer.
    • Huidekoper, A.C. (1913). "Sketch of the Military Record of the Third Division of the Ninth Army Corps". In Embick, Milton A. (ed.). History of the Third Division. Ninth Corps, Army of the Potomac. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: C.E. Aughinbaugh, State Printer.
  • United States War Department (1894). The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. Series I, Volume XLVI, Part I. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

External links[edit]

Category:Military units and formations established in 1864 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 Category:Pennsylvania Civil War regiments

70th AA Division[edit]

70th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division
ActiveOctober 1943–c. 1950s
CountrySoviet Union
BranchRed Army (later Soviet Army)
TypeAnti-Aircraft Artillery

The 70th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division (Russian: 70-я зенитная артиллерийская дивизия) was an anti-aircraft artillery division of the Soviet Union's Red Army (later the Soviet Army) during World War II and the early postwar period.

Formed in the Volga Military District in late 1943, the division was moved forward to the Kiev Military District in March 1944. It did not see combat and was disbanded by the end of the 1950s.

World War II[edit]

A 37 mm AA gun of the type used by the division during World War II

The division began forming around 3 October 1943, when Colonel Ivan Kurenkov was appointed commander.[1] It was part of the Volga Military District, and included the 1997th, 2001st, 2005th, and 2009th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiments.[2] In May 1944, the division was relocated to Zhitomir in the Kiev Military District.[3][4] From 2 September, Colonel Konstantin Popov served as division commander, leading it for the rest of the war.[1] The division remained at Zhitmoir for the rest of the war.[5]

Postwar[edit]

In late 1945, the division relocated to Transcaucasia. The 2005th Regiment, the first echelon of the division, arrived at Kutaisi in late November.[6] Popov commanded it until March 1948, when he was transferred to command a brigade.[5] The division was among those anti-aircraft artillery divisions disbanded without being converted into another unit by the end of the 1950s.[7]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union 1964, p. 393.
  2. ^ Gurkin et al. 1972, p. 294.
  3. ^ Tsapayev, Vvedensky & Hayrapetyan 2014, p. 182.
  4. ^ Gurkin et al. 1988, p. 180.
  5. ^ a b Gurkin et al. 1990, p. 179.
  6. ^ Mikheyev & Dezhkov 1945, p. 1.
  7. ^ Feskov et al 2013, p. 287.

Bibliography[edit]

Military documents[edit]

Category:Anti-Aircraft Artillery divisions of the Soviet Union Category:Military units and formations established in 1943 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in the 1940s

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