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Timeline of events of Jamestown Colony, Virginia (1606-1699)
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[edit]![]() | This article may use tenses incorrectly. |
Timeline of events related to the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia. Dates are New Style (e.g., the first landing occurred May 4 1607 [O.S. 14 May 1607])
- https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- http://www.virtualjamestown.org/masterDW5.html
- http://www.virtualjamestown.org/Timelines/Barbour%20Vol%201%201608-1612.html
- HMS Swan, Tryall, Noah
![]() | This article contains a list that has not been properly sorted. See MOS:LISTSORT for more information. |
Population changes
[edit]pop changes
-
- 1607.05: 104
- 1608.01: 38
- 1608.02: 138
- 1608.10: 116
- 1609.10: 500
- 1610.03: 60
- 1616: 350
- 1619-1621: 42 colony ships
- 1621: 1,200 colonists alive
- 1622.03: -370 deaths (~900 colonists)
Governours/Commanders
[edit]govs
-
- 1607 May Wingfield
- 1607 Sep Ratcliffe
- 1608 Jul ____?
- 1608 Sep J. Smith
- 1608 ___ Matt Scrivener
- 1609 Oct G. Percy
- 1610 May T. Gates
- 1610 Jun T. West
- 1611 Mar G. Percy
- 1612 ___ T. Dale
- 1616 ___ G. Yeardley
- 1617 ___ S. Argall
- 1618 Apr G. Yeardley
- 1621 ___ Frances Wyatt
test
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Before 1606
[edit]- June 1561: Native Virginian Paquiquineo is kidnapped by Antonio Velázquez in Chesapeake Bay. Some historians believe Paquiquineo and Opechancanough are the same individual.[2]
- Sept 8 1565: The Spanish Empire settles St. Augustine, Florida. Spain annexes parts of the Outer Banks, calling the region (as north as Delaware Bay) "La Florida".[3]
- c. Feb 1571: Paquiquineo, now Christened as "Don Luís de Velasco", slays eight Jesuit missionaries attempting to setup Ajacán Mission.[4]
- c. 1585 CE: Walter Raleigh is granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth II, naming the North American coast "Virginia" in tribute to her. This leads to the establishment of a colony on Roanoke Island with 108 men.[5]
- August 18, 1590John White and the Watts expedition men discover the Roanoke Colony abandoned :
- May-June 1602: Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, Captain Bartholomew Gilbert, Captain Gabriel Archer, and others explore the New World coast with the intention of starting a colony but occupy Cuttyhunk Island for only a few weeks before returning to England[6]
- March 24, 1603: Queen Elizabeth I dies. James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England.
1606
[edit]- April 10, 1606Virginia Company of London is formed by Bartholomew Gosnold from a charter from King James I of England, with plans to create a proprietary colony in "Virginia" (which describes coastline that is now known as Carolinas and north to New England)[6] :
- 1606Eastern Virginia and the Tidewater region experiences a severe six-year-long drought, affecting colonists and natives alike – 1612 : [7]
- December 20, 1606105 to 108 men and boys, with 39 crew members board ships in Blackwall, London, set for Virginia colonization :
1607
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Jamestown_BAH.jpg)
- c. 1607Chief Powhatan inherits Powhatan Confederacy of tribes with political domain over much of eastern Tidewater Virginia (Tsenacommacah) :
- February 13, 1607Near the Canary Islands, John Smith is charged with plotting a mutiny by Captain Christopher Newport : [6]
- March 28 1607: John Smith is spared from execution by hanging by the Reverend Robert Hunt and Bartholomew Gosnold[6]
- April 26, 1607First landing of the English settlers occurs at Cape Henry :
- May 4, 1607Fleet meets Rappahannock people and visit a Paspahegh native village where the colonists were entertained :
- May 8, 1607Fleet encounters Appomattoc native up the James River :
- May 12, 1607Archer's Hope is explored as a potential settlement site :
- c. 1607: Settlers deposit three pigs on Hog Island for safekeeping.[8][9]
- May 14, 1607Jamestown Island is selected (by decree of Edward Maria Wingfield) as the settlement site. The settlement is named "James His Towne" in tribute to James I of England. :
- c. May 14, 1607Virginia Company instructions are unsealed to identify the pre-determined Council Members of the settlement: Edward Maria Wingfield (president), Bartholomew Gosnold, John Martin, John Ratcliffe, George Kendall, Christopher Newport (ex officio), and John Smith. Smith is denied a council membership by the president. :
- May 18, 1607A party of 100 Paspahegh attempt to fight the colonists :
- May 21, 1607Christopher Newport, Gabriel Archer, and other explorers visit the Weanock native people :
- May 23, 1607Newport and explorers meet Parahunt "Tanx" Powhatan (son of Powhatan) :
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jamestownzuniga.jpg/200px-Jamestownzuniga.jpg)
- June 15, 1607Initial construction of James Fort concludes :
- c. June 1607Sometime before setting sail, Christopher Newport convinces leaders to free John Smith and appoint Smith to the council : [10]
- June 22, 1607Newport sails for England in the Susan Constant (with cargo of fool's gold and dirt[11]), leaving the Discovery and reassembled shallops for the colonists to use in the rivers and bays :
- c. June 22, 1607Jamestown colonists begin to suffer (and succumb) to diseases (such as "swellings", "fluxes", and "fevers") due to non-potable water and mosquito-borne illnesses :
- c. June 22, 1607Chief Powhatan sends corn and venison to the malnourished Jamestown settlers :
- August 12, 1607The Susan Constant (Newport) arrives back in London, England :
- August 22, 1607Bartholomew Gosnold dies :
- September 10, 1607Council President Edward Maria Wingfield is deposed/impeached and arrested for allegedly hoarding food. John Ratcliffe becomes president. George Kendall is imprisoned for mutiny, and held on the Discovery.[12] :
- 1607-12-10 John Smith takes nine men on a shallop to explore and find food up the Chickahominy River. George Cassen is captured and tortured to death
- c. 1608-01-05: John Smith uses a compass to confound Opecanchanough and his hunting party, avoiding death
- December 1607John Smith is taken by Opechancanough to Werowocomoco, either to be inducted as a ceremonial tribe member or to be executed. Pocahantas participates. :
1608
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/An_illustrated_history_of_the_New_world_-_containing_a_general_history_of_all_the_various_nations%2C_states%2C_and_republics_of_the_western_continent_and_a_complete_history_of_the_United_States_to_the_%2814779081982%29.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg)
- c. January 1608: only 38 to 40 colonists were alive, and Ratcliffe and the Council planned to return to England on Discovery.
- c. January 1608: John Smith returns to Jamestown from his encounter with Powhatan
- c. January 1608: President John Ratcliffe holds John Smith responsible for the deaths of two English explorers, and is sentenced to death by hanging[citation needed]
- January 2, 1608Newport and the "first supply" mission ships (the John and Francis and Phoenix) arrive in Jamestown, adding 60 to 100 settlers to the colony. Newport overturns Smith's death sentence. :
- January 7, 1608: James Fort conflagration occurs through carelessness, burning down most wattle/straw shelters and the food storehouse.[13] Colonists have to live in the ruins to overwinter.[14]
- Feb 1608: Newport and Smith trade with Powhatan. Thomas Savage (a teenaged boy) is sent to live with natives; Namontack is sent to live with English.[15]
- April 10, 1608Newport sails for England again :
- May 21, 1608Newport and supply ships arrive back in England, London, England! :
- June 2, 1608John Smith explores Chesapeake Bay and rivers to find food and passage to the Pacific Ocean – July 22, 1608 :
- c. 1608 Printing of John Smith's True Relation of Virginia in London, England.
- June 8-10 1608: At Roaring Point, natives attempt to repel Smith and English explorers with archers waiting on the shore. The next evening, Smith comes ashore and leaves a basket of trade goods. Eventually, four Nanticoke men unaware of the situation meet with Smith and spread the word that he does not wish to attack. Hundreds of people come down the river to talk and tradeh.
- June 17 1608: At Nomini Bay, two native men invite Smith's shallop crew to go up the creek. They are led into an ambush. However, gunfire disarms the Indians, and ceasing fire, they exchange hostages. The weroance explains that paramount chief Powhatan had ordered the ambush.
- June 18-July 16 1608: voyage continues, with exploration of Potomac River and stops at many towns along the way. They meet a Wighcocomoco man named Mosco. Smith guesses that he is partly of European descent due to facial hair--a European trait. Mosco guides the English along a portion of the Potomac.
- July 17 1608: Smith is wounded by stingray near the mouth of the Rappahannock River. He is treated by a doctor and survives.
- July 18-21 1608: Smith's shallop returns to Jamestown
- July 1608: John Ratcliffe left office (either by resignation or deposition) in July 1608, two months before the end of his term.
- Sept 10, 1608: John Smith is elected to serve a one-year term as president of the council. His term was to end September 10, 1609.[16]
- July 24, 1608Smith's second exploration of Chesapeake Bay and rivers to find food and passage to the Pacific Ocean. Matthew Scrivener is in command in Jamestown while Smith is gone. – September 27, 1608 :
- c. October 1, 1608Newport and the "second supply" mission ships (the Mary and Margaret) arrive in Jamestown, adding about 70 settlers to the colony. Included are Jamestown Polish craftsmen and the first English women in the New World: Mistress Margaret Fox Forrest and Anne Burras. :
- c. October 1608Newport, John Smith, and armed men meet with Powhatan (Wahunsenacawh) to bestow gifts such as a feather mattress. Included is a coronation ceremony (using a metal crown with fake jewels[17]), which attempted to make Wahunsenacawh a vassal of King James I.[18] :
- c. 1608 Hog Island contains a drove of 60 pigs, which go unused by the colonists (out of fear of attack when leaving the fort).[19]
- November 1608: "1608-11: Jamestown's first wedding (of two English): Anne Burras marries John Laydon, a carpenter[20]
- December 1, 1608George Kendall is executed for treason :
1609
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Land_Granted_by_Charter_to_the_Virginia_Company_in_1609.png/220px-Land_Granted_by_Charter_to_the_Virginia_Company_in_1609.png)
- January 7, 1609Matthew Scrivener drowns in the James River, near Hog Island :
- c. springtime 1609: John Smith decrees, "He who does not work, neither shall he eat"
- July 1609 The Spanish reconnaissance ship, La Asunción de Cristo, is driven off by the timely arrival of Mary and John (captained by Samuel Argall), preventing the Spanish Empire from discovering a weakened Jamestown.
- Pedro de Zúñiga y de la Cueva, the Spanish ambassador to England, was desperately seeking this information (in addition to spies) in order to get Philip III of Spain to authorize an attack on the colony.
- June 2, 1609Newport, George Somers and the "third supply" ships (Sea Venture, Catch, Diamond, Falcon, Blessinge, Unitie, Lion, Swallow, and Virginia) form a flotilla and depart England :
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sylvester_Jordain_-_Discovery_of_the_Barmudas.jpg/200px-Sylvester_Jordain_-_Discovery_of_the_Barmudas.jpg)
- July 24, 1609A tropical storm hits the supply mission flotilla separating ships and delaying the resupply :
- July 28, 1609The Sea Venture is shipwrecked near Gates' Bay, St. George's Island, Bermuda. The 150 Virginia-bound people become castaways on the uncolonized island, dubbed "Virgineola". :
- c. summer 1609 Stephen Hopkins is accused of mutiny for wanting to remain in Bermuda, arguing the Virginia Company contract voided by shipwreck
- c. fall 1609 Fort Algernon is built nearby Jamestown
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Richard_of_Jamestown%3B_a_story_of_the_Virginia_colony_%281910%29_%2814751110584%29.jpg/200px-Richard_of_Jamestown%3B_a_story_of_the_Virginia_colony_%281910%29_%2814751110584%29.jpg)
- c. Oct 1609: John Smith is severely wounded by a gunpowder accident, and must return to England for proper treatment.
- c. Oct 1609: Captain George Percy takes over as president[21]
- Oct 4 1609: Seven of the nine ships of the "third supply" mission arrive, delivering approximately 350 colonists but little supply. The Diamond and Unity also brought bubonic plague to the colony, killing at least 30 emigrants on the journey, and more over the following months.[22]
- c. November 1609Henry Spelman of Jamestown, a teenage boy, is sent to live with Powhatan as a translator and ambassador :
- c. November 1609After trading for corn with Powhatan confederacy natives, John Ratcliffe is stripped naked, flayed, and burned at the stake :
- c. November 1609Powhatan natives attack and kill several settlers, and destroy the stock of pigs on Hog Island. :
- c. November 1609Captain and Councillor Francis West takes the Swallow to trade with Patawomeck people. West kills several natives and steals food, but sets sail for England to avoid mutiny. :
- c. November 1609Starving Time begins in the winter, killing many – June 1610 :
- circa winter 1609-10 Gabriel Archer dies
1610
[edit]- Feb 1610: In the Somers Isles, Bermuda Rolfe (baby girl) is born to John Rolfe and Mistress Sarah Hacker Rolfe, but soon perishes
- Feb 1610: In the Somers Isles, Bermudas Eason (baby boy) is born to Edward Eason and wife
- March: 60 out of 500-600 colonists remain alive. Francis West and 36 men aren't counted as they had absconded to England.
- May 10 1610: In the Somers Isles, Thomas Gates, Newport, Somers, and other castaway-colonists (totaling 137) board the Deliverance and Patience to sail to Jamestown. Two sailors (Christopher Carter and Edward-Robert Waters) remain behind on Bermuda.
- May 23, 1610Deliverance and Patience with castaway-colonists arrive from Bermuda in Virginia expecting 500-600 settlers, but finding only 60 colonists remaining[23][24] :
- May 24 1610: Thomas Gates and Thomas Dale issue Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall [sic], also known as Dale's Code, a martial law/authoritarian system of government
- June 7: Thomas Gates decides to abandon Jamestown. Colonists plan to head north to Newfoundland fishing settlements for food and evacuation.
- June 8: Jamestown refugees meet the supply ships of Thomas West, Lord De La Warr at Mulberry Island. Thomas West convinces the colonists to return to Jamestown with fresh supplies and healthy men.
- Jul 9 1610 St. John's Episcopal Church (Hampton, Virginia) is founded on Cape Henry
- August 9, 1610 De la Warr sends Percy with 70 colonists to attack the Paspahegh and Chickahominy villages, burning buildings, destroying crops, and killing up to 75 natives. This ignited the first of the Anglo-Powhatan Wars.
- June 19 1610: George Somers and Samuel Argall sail for Bermuda to gather wild hogs for Jamestown.[25]
- July 20, 1610: Thomas Gates leaves Jamestown for England, where he will use his story of the Sea Venture wreck to advocate for the colony and to spur further investment. Aboard with him are two Virginia Indians recently taken prisoner: weroance Sasenticum and his son Kainta.
- c. 9 November 1610 George Somers dies at Bermuda from exhaustion
1611
[edit]- c. 1611: Henricus is founded on Farrar's Island
- c. 1611: Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr contracts an illness. He boards a ship bound for Nevis, West Indies, (captained by Samual Argall), but is blown off course and forced to sail to England.[26]
- March 1611: When the Thomas West returns to England, he appoints George Percy to lead the colony in his absence.
- August 1611: Sir Thomas Gates returns to Virginia at the head of an expedition that includes three ships, 280 men, 20 women, 200 heads of cattle, 200 swine, and various other supplies and equipment
- c. 1611: Puritan Reverand Alexander Whitaker arrives in Jamestown.[27]
- c. 1611: John Rolfe cultivates Nicotiana tabacum as a viable cash crop (marketed as "Orinoco tobacco")
1612
[edit]- c. 1612Area drought ends after six years :
- c. 1612: The town of "New London" (later named St. George's, Bermuda) is founded, becoming the oldest continuously-inhabited British town in the New World
1613
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Samuel_Argall_-_Chickahominy.jpg/200px-Samuel_Argall_-_Chickahominy.jpg)
- c. 1613: Thomas Dale founds "Bermuda Cittie", which was renamed to be "Charles City" (and then later, City Point, Virginia)
- 13 April 1613: Samuel Argall abducts Pocahontas for use in prisoner exchange for return of English captives by Powhatan
1614
[edit]- c. 1614: Pocahontas is baptised by Alexander Whitaker and given a Christian name of "Rebecca", Henricus[28]
- 5 April 1614: Richard Buck marries John Rolfe and Pocahontas (known as "Rebecca" Rolfe). A period of peace occurs between the natives and the colonists.
- 1614 April 5: the Rolfes move to Varina Farms
1615
[edit]- c. January 1615: Pocahontas gives birth to a son, Thomas Rolfe, at Varina Farms
1616
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Descr.of.New_England-Title_page.png/200px-Descr.of.New_England-Title_page.png)
- John Rolfe, Rebecca/Pocahontas, their son Thomas Rolfe, a company of about 12 Powhatans, Stephen Hopkins, Thomas Dale, and others leave for England. George Yeardley leads the settlement[29][30]
1617
[edit]- c. 1617 "Capt. Samuel Argall returns to replace George Yeardley as governour"[31], finding the town in a deteriorated/decayed state
- c. In March 1617, John Rolfe and Rebecca/Pocahontas board a ship to return to Virginia, but they had sail only as far as Gravesend on the River Thames when Pocahontas becomes gravely ill.
- c. March 1617: Rebecca/Pocahontas dies from unknown causes (perhaps a respiratory disease), aged 20 or 21 years.
- c. 1617 Alexander Whitaker drowns in the James River
1618
[edit]- c. 1618 Powhatan (Native American leader) dies. His son Opechancanough succeeds as chief-paramount
- "De La Warr dies on way to VA; replaced by Yeardley in April"[32]
- November 18, 1618: The Virginia Company of London issues its "Instructions to George Yeardley," which includes the commissioning of a general assembly and the ancient planter/headright system. Part of the purpose was to encourage settlers to emigrate to Virginia, which included building a college. These instructions come to be known as the Great Charter.[33]
Before sailingto Virginia with the Great Charter, a "great comet" appeared over England.[34] It was considered a bad omen for the English, but apocryphally a harbinger for the birth of American freedom.[35]
1619
[edit]- c. May 1619: Ship George arrives with Doctor John Pott, Mistress Pott, and others
- May c. 1619 a craftsmen strike begins because of a lack of voting rights[36]
- Jamestown craftsmen strike ends July 21 1619
- July 30, 1619 the first Virginia General Assembly convenes at the Jamestown Church. Dale's Code is no longer law.[37]
- c. late August 1619: First Africans in Virginia are purchased from The White Lion as "indentured servants" for tobacco farming[38]
- 1619 Dec 4: Captain John Woodleefe and the Margaret arrive with 36 settlers
1620
[edit]- 1620: 90-100 English women are enlisted as Tobacco brides to help the gender inequality and family gap of Jamestown[39]
- November 11, 1620: About 100 pilgrims arrive on the Mayflower to Provincetown Harbor, Cape Cod
1621
[edit]- c. November 1621: Nemattanew (known derisively as "Jack-of-a-Feather") is slain by settlers
1622
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/English_colonist_population_in_virginia.png/200px-English_colonist_population_in_virginia.png)
- c. March 1622: Ship Seaflower containing relief supplies for Virginia, is accidentally sunk in Bermuda[40]
- March 22, 1622Indian massacre of 1622 occurs, killing over 350 people in surrounding plantations and Henricus :
- Dec 20: Ship Abigail arrives with hungry, diseased passengers.[41] The colony is reduced to 500 settlers over the winter.
1623
[edit]- 1623: Conspiring with William Tucker, Dr John Pott feed poisoned wine to 200 natives, killing them in retaliation to the previous year's massacre
1624
[edit]- May 24, 1624: the Virginia Company's royal charter is revoked due to overwhelming financial and political problems, making the Colony of Virginia a Crown colony (under royal authority) instead of a proprietary colony. The General Assembly is dissolved.[42]
1626
[edit]- Joan Wright is accused of witchcraft
1631
[edit]- June 21 1631 John Smith died in London, England
1639
[edit]- 1639 The King formally approves the restoration of the General Assembly.
1644
[edit]- In April 1644, Opechancanough planned another coordinated attack, which resulted in the deaths of another 350-500 of the 8,000 settlers in outlying plantations.[43]
- 1644 Indian uprising killed five hundred Europeans in outlying plantations.
1646
[edit]- Opechancanough was captured, taken to Jamestown, and shot in the back by a guard--against orders--and killed[44]
1676
[edit]- July 30, 1676: Declaration of the People of Virginia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_Burning_of_Jamestown.jpg/200px-The_Burning_of_Jamestown.jpg)
- Sept 18 1676: Jamestown is burned/torched by Bacon's Rebellion forces
- 1676 Not long after, in October, the Rebellion began its end with the death of Nathaniel Bacon of the "bloody flux."
- Legislature temporarily uses Middle Plantation (Virginia) as a statehouse
1693
[edit]- College of William & Mary is established by royal charter
1698
[edit]- Another fire is started by a prisoner awaiting execution.[45] The conflagration destroys the prison and the statehouse. The legislature temporarily relocates to Middle Plantation and was able to meet in the new facilities of the College of William & Mary
1699
[edit]- Colony capital permanently moves to Middle Plantation, which is renamed Williamsburg
1750
[edit]- c. 1750: Jamestown ownership consolidated into two families via land sales: Travis and Ambler.[46]
References
[edit]- ^ https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm#beginning
- ^ https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/don-luis-de-velasco-paquiquineo-fl-1561-1571/
- ^ http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
- ^ https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2022/02/18/the-story-of-father-baptista-de-segura-and-the-virginia-martyrs/
- ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
- ^ a b c d https://historicjamestowne.org/history/jamestown-timeline/
- ^ Blanton, Dennis B. "Drought as a Factor in the Jamestown Colony, 1607-1612." Historical Archaeology 34, no. 4 (2000): 74-81. JSTOR 25616853.
- ^ https://www.tclf.org/hog-island-wildlife-management-area
- ^ https://dwr.virginia.gov/marsh-cam/history-of-hog-island/
- ^ http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/bermuda.html
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- ^ Rountree, Helen C. (2006). Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. ISBN 9780813933405.
- ^ Horn, James (2008). A Land As God Made It: Jamestown and the Birth of America. p. 107. ISBN 9780786721986.
- ^ https://www.tclf.org/hog-island-wildlife-management-area
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- ^ Glover, Lori. The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America. ISBN 9780805086546.
- ^ https://www.historynet.com/the-hurricane-that-saved-jamestown/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051122024429/http://www.apva.org/history/timeline.html
- ^ http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/bermuda.html
- ^ https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/west-thomas-twelfth-baron-de-la-warr-1576-1618/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://archive.ph/20120724190906/http://www.dhr.state.va.us/hiway_markers/marker.cfm#selection-187.355-187.416
- ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- ^ ISBN 9781425796389, 1425796389
- ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- ^ https://www.jamestowne.org/chronology-1606-1700.html
- ^ "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36181/36181-h/36181-h.htm#pg_8
- ^ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sir_George_Yeardley_and_His_Voyage_of_16/mSISAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=yeardley%20virginia%20charter%20comet&pg=PA33&printsec=frontcover
- ^ Doran, Joseph Ingersoll (1914). Sir George Yeardley and His Voyage of 1609-1610 to Virginia in the Sea Adventure and Deliverance Governor of Virginia 1619-1621, 1626-1627: Notes of an Oral Address Before the Council of the Society, April 6th, 1914.
- ^ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/polish-artisans-strike-right-vote-jamestown-virginia-1619#:~:text=The%20exact%20dates%20are%20not%20known%2C%20what%20is,must%20have%20have%20been%20when%20the%20strike%20occurred.
- ^ https://history.house.virginia.gov/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20191221100018/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2019/07-08/virginia-first-africans-transatlantic-slave-trade/
- ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
- ^ Lefroy, Sir John Henry (1877). Memorials of the discovery and early settlement of the Bermudas or Somers Islands, 1515-1685. pp. XXXV, 119, 264, 287, 326.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094850/http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#aaa2
- ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
- ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
- ^ Shefveland, Kristalyn Marie (2016). Anglo-Native Virginia Trade, Conversion, and Indian Slavery in the Old Dominion, 1646-1722. p. 8. ISBN 9780820350257.
- ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/a-short-history-of-jamestown.htm
- ^ https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/chronology-of-jamestown-events.htm
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Virginia]]
[[Category:17th century in Virginia]]
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