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Wingen-sur-Moder

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Wingen-sur-Moder
Coat of arms of Wingen-sur-Moder
Coat of arms
Location of Wingen-sur-Moder
Map
CountryFrance
RegionGrand Est
DepartmentBas-Rhin
ArrondissementSaverne
CantonIngwiller
Government
 • Mayor (2001–2008[needs update]) Gérard Fischbach[needs update]
Area
1
17.37 km2 (6.71 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
1,643
 • Density95/km2 (240/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
67538 /67290
Elevation207–406 m (679–1,332 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Wingen-sur-Moder (Rhine Franconian: Winge)[1] is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The name, literally translated as "Wingen on the Moder", is often shortened to Wingen,[2] although this is the name of a small commune in the Haguenau-Wissembourg arrondissement.

History

The location of Wingen-sur-Moder was the site of a village of the Triboci tribe. Part of the borders of the village are marked by menhirs, including three named menhirs which still exist: Spitzstein, Drei-Peterstein, and Breitenstein. The first known mention of Wingen is in 718, when Wingibergus is mentioned in documents donated to Weissenburg Abbey. The village is also mentioned in 742 as Wigone Monte and in the twelfth century as Winchenhoven.[3]

The fourteenth century saw many conflicts affect the town. In 1314, soldiers of the Imperial City of Strasbourg burned Wingen and several nearby towns during their march towards La Petite-Pierre, a nearby village that was home to one of the lords aligned against Strasbourg. In 1382, the Count of Linange made Wingen a fiefdom and granted it to the Holy Roman Emperor. The town lies along an important travel route between the Moder and Eichel River Valleys during this period and the emperor began to toll travel through the town. The Thirty Years War and an outbreak of plague devastated Wingen and the surrounding region in the early seventeenth century, leaving the town uninhabited. In the wake of the war, the town was repopulated primarily by Swiss immigrants.[3]

The eighteenth century brought the introduction of Wingen's most important industry: glassmaking. Master glassblowers from neighboring Rosteig built shops in the hamlets of Neuhütte in 1708 and Hochberg in 1715. However, it was not until 1922 that the largest and most famous glassmaker arrived in Wingen. In that year, famous French glass designer René Lalique opened the Verrerie d'Alsace (Alsace glassworks) glassworks in Wingen; it became the Cristallerie Lalique (Lalique Crystal Works) in 1962.[3] It is the only glass production facility of the Lalique company, which he founded.[4]

Battle of Wingen-sur-Moder

In early January 1945, Wingen was the location of a minor, but strategically important battle between German and American forces. On New Year's Eve, Germany launched a surprise offensive—Operation Nordwind—in northern Alsace. At the start of the offensive, Wingen was controlled by Allied forces and a modest number of soldiers from the Seventh United States Army were positioned near the town. At dawn on 4 January, two battalions of the German 6th SS Mountain Division Nord managed to quickly capture Wingen. Over 200 American soldiers positioned in the town were caught off guard, captured, and held captive in the Catholic church and a nearby house without food or water until they were liberated on 7 January. The two sides fought house-to-house for the ensuing three days until the Germans retreated in the early hours of 7 January. The fighting damaged nearly every building in Wingen.[5][6]

Heritage sites

Front facade of a historic home
The Teutsch house

Two national heritage sites (monuments historiques or MH) are located in Wingen-sur-Moder.

The Teutsch house (French: Château Teutsch) was constructed by the Teutsch family between 1860-1866.[7] The Teutsch family owned and operated the Hochberg glass factory, which was in decline at the time the house was built and closed in 1868. The house was restored in 1990 and its exterior facade and roof have been registered as a monument historique since 1996. The interior has been completely redesigned and now serves as a summer camp.[8][3][9]

The former Hochberg glassworks (French: Verrerie du Hochberg; also known as Hanauer-Glashütte) was founded in 1715 by Jean-Adam Stenger. The site was registered as a monument historique in 1996 and consists of workshops, two large residences, and worker housing. The glassworks also include the Teutsch House, which is registered as a separate monument historique. The glassworks were passed to the Teutsch family in 1816 and produced mainly window glass until its closure in 1868.[10][11][9]

The Lalique Museum, opened in 2011, is located on the site of the former Hochberg glassworks.[9][12][2]

Geography

The town of Wingen-sur-Moder lies in the upper valley of the Moder River at an elevation of 220 metres (720 ft).[2] The commune covers 1,738 hectares (4,290 acres), of which more than 80% is covered by forest.[2] It is one of many communes that are located within the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park.[2]

The commune includes the hamlets Huhnerscherr, Kohlhutte, and Stauffersberg.[2]

Demographics

The town has a population of 1563.[2]

Transport

Wingen-sur-Moder has a railway station, which is located along the Mommenheim-Sarreguemines railway line, which connects the cities of Strasbourg, France and Sarrebruck, Germany.[2] The rail line was built during German rule by the General Division of the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine; the section through Wingen-sur-Moder opened 1 May 1895.[13] TER Alsace, a Train Express Régional operated by SNCF, serves the Wingen-sur-Moder station.[14]

The town lies along Route D919, which runs from Hagenau to Sarreguemines and connects Wingen to other communities along the Moder Valley. Route D256 runs north from the town through the northern part of the commune to the Moselle border, where it continues north as D37 to Bitche. Route D135 travels south from the town to La Petite-Pierre.[15][2]

Twin city

The town is a twin town to Burgkirchen an der Alz, in southeastern Germany.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Alsace Bossue: Arrondissement de Saverne". Geoplatt (in French). Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Présentation de la ville". Wingen-sur-Moder (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d "Histoire, Lieux, & Monuments". Wingen-sur-Moder (in French). Commune of Wingen-sur-Moder. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Lalique : A unique and exceptional know-how". YouTube. Lalique Vietnam. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2015. The LALIQUE factory was built in 1921 by the company's founder René Lalique, in the village of Wingen-sur-Moder in Alsace, a region of France which has the strongest glassmaking traditions. It has remained to this day the world's sole LALIQUE production facility.
  5. ^ Lowry, Frank H. "Wingen-sur-Moder". 70th Infantry Division Association. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  6. ^ Vannoy, Allyn (May 2004). "Battle of Wingen-sur-Moder". World War II (magazine). Retrieved 16 June 2015 – via HistoryNet.
  7. ^ "Monuments historiques: Site du Hochberg ou ancien château Teutsch". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Culture (France). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel: Château de Hochberg". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Culture (France). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  9. ^ a b c "Le site du Hochberg offre son écrin au musée Lalique". Musée Lalique (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Monuments historiques: Ancienne verrerie du Hochberg". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Culture (France). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  11. ^ "Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel: verrerie de Hochberg". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Culture (France). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Le projet architectural". Musée Lalique (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  13. ^ "GARE SNCF de " SARREGUEMINES "". http://christophe.lachenal.free.fr (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2015. Le 01/05/1895, mise en service de la ligne de 69 km entre Mommenheim, Karlhausen et Sarralbe, par la Compagnie Alsace-Lorraine. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  14. ^ "Halte ferroviaire Wingen-sur-Moder". SNCF (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  15. ^ "Wingen-sur-Moder" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  16. ^ "Jumelage". Wingen-sur-Moder (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
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