Xanthelasma
| Xanthelasma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Xanthelasma palpebrarum |
 | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology  |
Xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids.[1] While they are neither harmful to the skin nor painful, these minor growths may be disfiguring and can be removed.[1] There is no high-quality evidence that xanthelasma deposits are related to blood low-density lipoprotein levels or increased risk of atherosclerosis.[2]
A xanthelasma may be referred to as a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.[3] Xanthelasma is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.[4]
Diagnosis
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2017) |
Treatment
Xanthelasmata can be removed with a trichloroacetic acid peel, surgery, lasers or cryotherapy. Removal may cause scarring and pigment changes, but it is an uncommon side-effect of treatment.
Prognosis
Recurrence is common: 40% of patients with XP had recurrence after primary surgical excision, 60% after secondary excision, and 80% when all four eyelids were involved. A possible cause might be insufficiently deep excisions. [5]
Epidemiology
Xanthelasma is a rare disorder in the General population, with a variable incidence of 0.56%–1.5% in western developed countries. The age of onset ranges ranges from 15 to 75 with a peak in the 4th to 5th decades of life. There also seems to be a greater prevalance in females, but this might be due to higher consciousness to cosmetic defects[6]
Etymology
The word is derived from Greek xanthós, ξανθός , "yellow" and élasma, έλασμα, "foil". The plural is xanthelasmata.
See also
- Xanthoma, which are similar collections of cholesterol around tendons
- List of xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes
References
- ^ a b Frew JW, Murrell DF, Haber RM (October 2015). "Fifty shades of yellow: a review of the xanthodermatoses". International Journal of Dermatology. 54 (10): 1109–23. doi:10.1111/ijd.12945. PMID 26227781.
- ^ Ozdöl S, Sahin S, Tokgözoğlu L (August 2008). "Xanthelasma palpebrarum and its relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and lipoprotein (a)". International Journal of Dermatology. 47 (8): 785–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03690.x. PMID 18717856.
- ^ Shields, Carol; Shields, Jerry (2008). Eyelid, conjunctival and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7578-7.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)[page needed] - ^ Xanthelasma (8th ed.). 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Nair PA, Singhal R (2017-12-18). "Xanthelasma palpebrarum - a brief review". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 11: 1–5. doi:10.2147/CCID.S130116. PMC 5739544. PMID 29296091.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Jain A, Goyal P, Nigam PK, Gurbaksh H, Sharma RC (September 2007). "Xanthelasma Palpebrarum-clinical and biochemical profile in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi". Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 22 (2): 151–3. doi:10.1007/BF02913335. PMC 3453794. PMID 23105704.