Yi Jeong-am
Yi Jeong-am | |
|---|---|
| Native name | 이정암 |
| Nickname(s) | Junghun |
| Born | 1541 |
| Died | September 10, 1600 (aged 58–59) |
| Allegiance | Joseon |
| Service | Joseon Army |
| Rank | Governor of Hwanghae (Rank 2b) |
| Battles / wars | Imjin War
Yi Mong-hak's Rebellion Jeongyu War |
| Awards | Second rank of Seonmu Merit Subjects |
| Korean name | |
| Hunminjeongeum | 이정암 |
| Hanja | 李廷馣 |
| Revised Romanization | I Jeongam |
| McCune–Reischauer | I Chŏngam |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hunminjeongeum | 중훈 |
| Hanja | 仲薰 |
| Revised Romanization | Junghun |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chunghun |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hunminjeongeum | 충목 |
| Hanja | 忠穆 |
| Revised Romanization | Chungmok |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ch'ungmok |
Yi Jeong-am (Korean: 이정암; Hanja: 李廷馣; 1541 – September 10, 1600) was a Korean military official of the mid-Joseon Period.
Biography
[edit]Birth and Early career
[edit]Yi Jeomg-am was born in Banseokbang, Hanyang in 18 August 1541.[1] His father was Yi Tang (李宕) and his mother was Lady Kim of Uiseong clan.[2] Yi Jeong-am passed the licentiate examination in the fall of 1558 and passed the regular literary examination in 1561 as one of the third-tier passers.[3] Starting his career with the Third Copyist of Diplomatic Documents Bureau (승문원부정자), he served in various internal affairs and assistant section chiefs of several ministries.[4]
In March 1567, he served as an auditor of Jeolla Province (전라도도사), and then returned to the court to serve as assistant section chief of Ministry of Justice (형조좌랑). In 1569, he moved to Gyeonggi Provincial Government and became a drafter of the Chunchugwan (춘추관기주관). The following year, he was reappointed to the assistant section chief of Ministry of Justice to serve as a King's Editor (지제교). Then, he was moved to Section Chief of Ministry of Military (병조정랑) and dispatched to Gangwon Province as a secret royal inspector to inspect the disaster area.[3] In 1571, he participated in the compilation of the Veritable Records of Myeongjong.[4] In 1572, he was appointed to Second Assistant Master of Sungkyunkwan (성균관사예) and observed the Chundangdae examination.[4] In June of the same year, he became a prefect of Yonan and organized his military service.[5]
After serving as prefect of Yonan, Jangdan and Pyongsan, he was appointed to the magistrate of Yangju in 1579.[3] As the magistrate of Yangju, he reconstructed Dobong Seowon and county schools. He also reformed the rice field plans and implemented Uniform Land-Tax Law (대동법) in the entire area of Yangju.[4] In 1583, he was selected as Jangnyeong (장령), Saseong (사성), and Jangakjeong (장악정) when Yi I recruited scholars and founded Chansucheong (찬수정).[2] In 1587, he was designated as prefect of Dongnae to defend against the invasion of Japanese invaders.[6] In 1591, he served as royal secretary (승지) and Councilor of Ministries of Public Works and Military affairs.[3]
Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
[edit]In January 1592, Yi became the Councilor of Ministry of Personnel (이조참의).[5] King Seonjo proclaimed Gwanghaegun a crown prince and took refuge to Pyongan Province due to a news that Sin Rip had defeated at Battle of Chungju. Since they fled at the middle of night, many of bureaucrats including Yi Jeong-am failed following.[7] Yi attempted to follow Seonjo anyway. On 2 May, he departed for Kaesong with his family, hearing from his younger brother, Yi Jeong-hyeong that Seonjo was staying there. On the same day, When Seonjo awarded new government posts to whom followed him, Yi lost his post as the councilor because he was not there.[8] When Seonjo planned to leave Kaesong, Yi intended to defend Kaesong with Yi Jeong-hyeong rather than following Seonjo. However, the plan failed due to the collapse of the Imjin River defense line and Yi departed Kaesong.[7]
Yi decided to flee for Yonan County to seek boats or to go to his younger brother's house in Haeju. On 2 June, Yi arrived at Yonan, however, all fishermen had already fled for sea.[7] Yi had no choice but to depart Yonan for Haeju. In July when he was hiding at a temple in a mountain, he heard that Seonjo left for Uiju, Japanese armies was staying in Pyongyang, and that people in Hwanghae Province organized righteous army, but they got no commander. After several people requested to raise the righteous army, he accepted and recruited army. In early August, while he had military organization and made plans and strategies, Gwanghaegun granted him a Suppressor (초토사), a public post that had authority to command local governmental officials and armed forced in Hwanghae province.[7]
On 22 August, Yi entered the Yonan Fortress with his militia.[5] When Japanese Army led by Kuroda Nagamasa invaded, he defeated the Japanese enemy and firmly defended the castle. With the credit, he became a Governor of Hwanghae Province.[5] In 1593, he served as Second Minister of Military (병조참판), governor of Jeolla Province.[9][10] However, after successfully defending the Yonan fortress, Yi proposed reinforcement negotiations to Seonjo, insisting on a quick end to the war, but was impeached and lost his official post.[11][12] However, he was appointed to Deputy Magistrate of Jeonju (전주부윤) in July of the same year[13] In 1596, he became the governor of Chungcheong Province and contributed to the repression of the Yi Mong-hak's Rebellion.[14][2] However, he was dismissed under the charge of arbitrarily punishing prisoners, and in December of that year, he concurrently served as the Fourth Minister of the Office of Ministers-without-Portfolio (동지중추부사) and governor of Hwanghae Province.[4][15] In 1597, when the Second Japanese Invasion broke out, he protected Suyang Fortress of Haeju as a Suppressor of Hwanghae Province. After the Japanese invasions of Korea, he resigned from his official post and spent his last years writing several works in Jeongjujeongsa Temple in Pungdeok. He died on September 10, 1600.[2]
After death
[edit]After his death, various honors were bestowed upon him, including the title of Wolcheon Buwongun (월천부원군; 月川府院君), an enrollment as the second rank of Seonmu Merit Subjects (선무공신; 宣武功臣), and a posthumous offices, Jwauijeong (좌의정; 左議政).[5]
Writings
[edit]- Seojeongillok
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jang, Jun-Ho (2021-06-30). "A historical review of Seojeongillok". The Korean Society of the History of Historiography. 43: 97–135. doi:10.29186/kjhh.2021.43.97.
- ^ a b c d "Yi Jeong-am". Gukjoinmulgo, A Study on the Character of the Joseon Dynast (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-07-13.
- ^ a b c d "Yi Jeong-am". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-07-12.
- ^ a b c d e "Yi Jeong-am". Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture Encyclopedia of Dobong (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-07-12.
- ^ a b c d e "Yi Jeong-am". Doosan Encyclopedia (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-07-12.
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo (revision) 20th April" (in Korean and Chinese).
- ^ a b c d Kim, Kyong-tae (2015). "Yi Jungam and the Battle at the Fortress of Younan during the Imjin War - between Refugees, War Heroes, and Advocates of Peace-". The Research for Korean Historical Figures. 24: 180–215.
- ^ Lee, Young-seok (2019). "Military Significance of Lee Jeongam and the Battle in the Yeonan Fortress". Review of Korean Military Studies. 8 (1): 149–173. doi:10.34166/ROKMS.2019.8.1.149.
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 26th January 30" (in Korean and Chinese). Retrieved 2020-07-13.
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 26th June 7" (in Korean and Chinese).
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 27th May 22nd" (in Korean and Chinese).
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 27th May 27" (in Korean and Chinese).
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 27th July 3" (in Korean and Chinese).
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 29th January 20".
- ^ "Veritable Records of Seonjo 29th December 4" (in Korean and Chinese).