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Škoda 14Tr

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Škoda 14Tr
Škoda 14Tr in Hungary
Overview
ManufacturerŠkoda Works (1981–1995)
Škoda Transportation (1995–1998)
Production1981–1998
Body and chassis
ClassBus
Body styleSingle-deck
Doors3 (optionally 2)
Floor typeHigh-floor
Chassissemi-self-supporting with frame
Related15Tr
Powertrain
Electric motor600/750 VDC
Capacityseated:
24–29 (two doors)
32–41 (three doors)
standing:
51–56 (two doors)
48–39 (three doors)
Power output100–120 kW (134–161 hp)
Dimensions
Length11.340 m (37 ft 2+1⁄2 in)
Width2.500 m (8 ft 2+3⁄8 in)
Height3.410 m (11 ft 2+1⁄4 in) (over poles)
Curb weight10,000 kg (22,000 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor9Tr, (T 11 prototype)
Successor(17Tr prototype), 21Tr, 24Tr

The Škoda 14Tr is a Czech trolleybus that was produced from 1981 to 1998. Prototypes were built in 1972 and 1974.

After the unsuccessful attempt to merge the Karosa ŠM 11 bus and the Škoda T 11 trolleybus and the cancelled Škoda 13Tr project, a new style of trolleybus was designed in the early 1970s, designated the 14Tr. Development was halted because of plans to replace trolleybuses by diesel buses, but the 1973 oil crisis led to a re-evaluation and work on the 14Tr resumed.

The Škoda 14Tr trolleybus, at least in the former USSR, became the successor to the Škoda 9Tr (the 10Tr and 13Tr models remained in the projects, 11Tr was released only in single copies, and the Škoda 12Tr was called the trolleybus train of the two Škoda 9Tr trolleybuses).

Description

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The 14Tr is a two-axle trolleybus with unibody construction. Its structure consists of mutually welded elements: the frame, side walls, roof and ends. Each component is welded together from steel shapes and castings. The body is covered with a steel skin; the section below the windows is thermally insulated and soundproofed. The interior is surfaces with plastic paneling. Domestic buses have three twin-leaf folding doors on the right side, while export units only have two. Transverse passenger seats are covered in leatherette.

Electrical equipment uses the same thyristor pulse control as the 9Tr trolleybus.

Early history

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One of the first modifications of 14Tr - two 14Tr0 cars (001 and 002) arrived for testing in Kyiv in 1981. One of the cars had a RCSU (rheostat-contactor control system), the second had a TISU (thyristor-pulse control system) which in the late 1970s was an innovation.

The difference from RCSU was that instead of a start-brake resistor, controlled by a rotating shaft with contacts, an electric motor was controlled by a thyristor control unit. Thyristor operation was controlled by a control regulator, so the trolleybus car started driving off more smoothly. The TISU made it possible to recover power - the return part of the electricity consumed by the trolleybus back to the trolleybus power network (see regenerative braking), which reduced operating cost.

Both Škoda 14Tr0 after testing in Kyiv were deployed to Crimea to be used in a long-distance trolleybus route. 001 was used in the Alushta trolleybus depot until it burned down in 1995. 002 was used in Simferopol trolleybus depot and in other depot, but only for training purposes. The prototype was decommissioned and scrapped in 2009.

Production and operation

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Škoda 14Tr rear in Eberswalde, Germany

Between 1972 and 1998, 3,263 14Tr trolleybuses were built,[1] plus two bodies that were used for the prototype TV-14Tr trolley-train[2] (a total of 3,265 units). The largest number of cars - 354 were sent to Kyiv. The capital favored Soviet-made trolleybuses and there were no large trolleybus systems in Czechoslovakia itself.[citation needed]

Electric Transit, Inc.

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Main article: Electric Transit, Inc.

From 1994 to 2004, Electric Transit, Inc. (a joint venture between Škoda and AAI Corporation) assembled 297 14Tr-based trolleybuses for the transit operators in two cities of the United States: Dayton, Ohio and San Francisco, designated 14TrE/E2 ("E" for "E"xport) and 14TrSF ("S"an "F"rancisco), respectively. To meet "Buy America" requirements for federally-subsidized transit vehicle purchases, incomplete "shells" were manufactured at the Škoda plant in the Czech Republic and shipped to an American facility in Hunt Valley, Maryland for initial fitting-out. Final fitting-out was performed at leased facilities in the client cities.[3]

Country City Model Delivered Qty Fleet numbers
(as delivered) 		Notes and references
Armenia Gyumri 14Tr 49 [1]
Yerevan 14Tr 123 [1]
Azerbaijan Baku 14Tr 208 [1]
Ganja 14Tr 1987 5 211-215 [1]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 14Tr 79 [1]
Bulgaria Sliven 14Tr 15 [1]
Sofia 14Tr 52 [1]
Varna 14Tr 1985-1986, 1999, 2007 34 002-298, 001, 172 001: Delivered from Hradec Králové in 1999; 172: Delivered from Prešov in 2007
China Beijing 14Tr 1 [1]
Shenyang 14Tr 1 [1]
Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic Brno 14Tr 1982–1995 123 3164-3286 [4]
Hradec Králové 14Tr 1983–1990 30 04-30, 57-59 [5]
Jihlava 14Tr 1983–1991 24 20-43 [6]
Mariánské Lázně 14Tr 1974–1994 20 22-23, 33-50 22 & 23: 1st and 2nd prototypes; 33: 7th prototype[7]
Opava 14Tr 1982–1991 24 49-72 [8]
Ostrava 14Tr 1984–1992 39 3123-3141, 3242-3261 [9]
Pardubice 14Tr 1983–1994 48 see summary [10]
Plzeň 14Tr 1982–1991 115 340; 346-413; 415-460 [11]
Ostrov (Škoda) 14Tr 1980 1 4th prototype
Ostrov (Škoda) TV-14Tr 1985 1 constructed from two 14Tr bodies[12]
Teplice 14Tr 1982–1993 38 101/03-05/20-53 Skoda references indicate 37 units[1][13]
Ústí nad Labem 14Tr 1988 5 401-405 [14]
Zlín-Otrokovice 14Tr 1982–1991 41 see summary 26 (1st): 3rd prototype[15]
Czechoslovakia/Slovakia Košice 14Tr 7 2001-2007 [16]
Banská Bystrica 14Tr 1988–1989 7 1001-1007 1001: 750 V prototype[17]
Bratislava (retired) 14Tr 1982–1991 115 61-78, 6219-6315 [18]
Prešov 14Tr 1982–1991 39 45-65, 69-81, 87-91 Skoda references indicate 36 units[1][19]
Žilina 14Tr 1994–1996 15 211-225 [20]
Estonia Tallinn 14Tr 1982–1989 1 210-308 [1][21][22][23][24][25]
Georgia Batumi 14Tr 1989 2 100-101 [1]
Gori 14Tr 1985-? 3 38; 40-41 [1]
Kutaisi 14Tr 2 [1]
Ozurgeti 14Tr 1989-? 2 24 & ? [1]
Poti 14Tr 2 018 & ? [26][27]
Rustavi 14Tr 1 81 [1]
Samtredia 14Tr 2 [1]
Sukhumi 14Tr 1987 2 97-98 [1]
Tbilisi 14Tr 1983–1990 226 123-347 316 used twice[1]
Zugdidi 14Tr 1 3 [1]
Kazakhstan Almaty 14Tr 1997 12 1001-10/30/32 Skoda references indicate 5 units[1][28]
Lithuania Kaunas 14Tr 1982–1998 125 see summary [1]
Vilnius 14Tr 1982–1997 228 see summary [1][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
Latvia Riga 14Tr 1982–1997 254 see summary Skoda references indicate 253 units[1][37][38]
Hungary Szeged 14Tr 1993 1 T-700 [1]
Moldova Chișinău 14Tr01 1997-2004 39 2140-2179 [1][39]
Germany Eberswalde 14Tr 1983 3 1-3 [1]
Potsdam 14Tr 1983 5 401-405 [1]
Weimar 14Tr 1982–1983 12 8000-8011 [1][40][41]
Russia Vologda 14Tr 6 [1]
Ukraine Chernivtsi 14Tr 1983–1990 102 217-318 [1][42][43][44][45][46][47]
Donetsk 14Tr 5 [1]
Ivano-Frankivsk 14Tr 1986–1988 31 126-156 [1][48][49][50]
Kyiv 14Tr 1980–1989 354 see summary [1]
Luhansk 14Tr 1983–1990 55 201-245 221-230 used twice[1][51][52][53][54][55]
Lviv 14Tr 1984–1990 91 500-590 [1][56][57][58][59]
Mariupol 14Tr 1983–1990 76 1401-1476 [1][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]
Rivne 14Tr 1989 15 101-115 [1]
Simferopol-Alushta-Yalta 14Tr 1981–1990 160 see summary 002/001: 5th & 6th prototypes Skoda references indicate 162 units[1][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]
Ternopil 14Tr 1984–1989 30 086-115 [1][75][76][77]
United States Dayton, Ohio 14TrE 1995–96 3 9601–9603 [78][79][80]
14TrE2 1998–99 54 9801–9854
San Francisco 14TrSF 1999; 2001–04 240 5401–5640 [3][81][82]
Uzbekistan Tashkent 14Tr 145 [1]
Country City Model Delivered Qty Fleet numbers
(as delivered) 		Notes and references

Summary

City Fleet numbers
Kaunas 215-302, 305-326, 336-351
Kyiv 101–199, 201-299, 301-398, 401-417, 1000-03/06/08/09, 2001-2034
Pardubice 301/03/05/06/09/10/13-34/36-49/51/55-57/61/62
Riga 1-101–1-130/1-132, 1-1100–1-1122/1-1133–1-1199, 2-200–2-233, 2-1001–2-1099
Simferopol - Alusta - Yalta 001/002, 1021, 1801-25/50-66, 1900-04/50/52-56/59-61, 2000-10/50-52, 2100-06/50-55, 3900, 5850-53, 5950-53, 6000-05/50-57, 6100-06/50-56, 7850-53, 7900-03/50-53, 8000-07/50-53, 8100-05/50-56
Vilnius 1400-1567, 1585-1599, 1605–2649 Note: The first digit (1 or 2) indicates the allocation; the fleet number is the last three digits.
Zlín - Otrokovice 4/12/18-21/24-26/34/35/37/43/58/68/69/145-168 Note: Number 26 used twice.

14TrM production started in 1995 and continued until 2002. A planned order for Gatchina, Russia was cancelled when construction of the trolleybus system stopped in 2005.

Country In service Cities
Azerbaijan No Baku (retired with all network)
Bulgaria Yes Sliven (in passenger service); Ruse, Varna (service vehicles only); Sofia, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, Haskovo (withdrawn)
China No Beijing; Shanghai
Czech Republic Yes
Hungary Yes Szeged
Russia Yes Vologda; Velikiy Novgorod; Yalta and Simferopol (disputed territories with Ukraine); cancelled order to Gatchina
Ukraine Yes
United States No Historic vehicles preserved in Dayton, OH and San Francisco, CA
Estonia No Tallinn (stored at Jarva-Jaani after withdrawal)
Latvia Yes Riga
Moldova Yes
Lithuania Yes Vilnius

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Šindelář, s. 129.
  2. ^ Šindelář, s. 96.
  3. ^ a b Finnie, Chuck (1 June 1999). "Muni trolley firm in crisis". San Francisco Examiner. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Evidence units DPMB typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Bmhd.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  5. ^ "DP Hradec Králové - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  6. ^ "DP Jihlava - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  7. ^ "MĚSTSKÁ DOPRAVA Mariánské Lázně - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  8. ^ "DP Opava - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  9. ^ "DP Ostrava - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
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  11. ^ "PMDP - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  12. ^ Šindelář, Michal (2005). Historie trolejbusů Škoda (in Czech). Plzeň: Škoda. p. 49.
  13. ^ "Veolia Transport Teplice - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
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  15. ^ "DSZO - vozový park typ: 14Tr" (in Czech). Seznam-autobusu.cz. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  16. ^ "DP mesta Košice - vozidlový park" (in Slovak). dpmk.sk. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  17. ^ "Škoda 14 Tr" (in Slovak). Imhd.sk. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
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  22. ^ "Vehicles List Tallinn. Škoda 14Tr02". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
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  28. ^ "Vehicles List Almaty. Škoda 14Tr13/6". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  29. ^ "Vehicles List Vilnius. Škoda 14Tr01". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
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  36. ^ "Vehicles List Vilnius. Škoda 14Tr13/6". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  37. ^ "Vehicles List Riga. Škoda 14Tr". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  38. ^ Kindl, Robert (2001). "Výroba trolejbusů Škoda v roce 2000". Městská doprava (in Czech). No. 1. pp. 6–7.
  39. ^ "Electric Transport Directory of Chisinau (RTEC)". Retrieved 2 August 2020.
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  41. ^ "Vehicles List Weimar. Škoda 14Tr03". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  42. ^ "Vehicles List Tchernovtsy. Škoda 14Tr01". Transphoto.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
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  78. ^ Miami Valley Regional Transit Authority (now GDRTA) (1 November 1994). "RTA Awards Official Contract for 63 New Electric Trolleybuses." Press release.
  79. ^ Trolleybus Magazine (TM) No. 206 (March–April 1996), pp. 50–51.
  80. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 207 (May–June 1996), p. 83.
  81. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 228 (November–December 1999), p. 144.
  82. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 256 (July–August 2004), p. 98

See also

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