Hispanics and Latinos in Arizona: Difference between revisions
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
! 1910 |
! 1910 |
||
|N/A |
|N/A |
||
|24.0%<ref name="Magaña, Lee 2013">{{cite web|authors= Lisa Magaña, Erik Lee|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=dXBDAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Hispanics+and+latinos+in+Arizona+in+1910&source=bl&ots=NqAUljNN2Q&sig=ACfU3U2aMjIxZSToY8WDjCCvg_uXmO__ww&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYrJOFxbbzAhURy4UKHa4pAQcQ6AF6BAgwEAM#v=onepage&q=Hispanics%20and%20latinos%20in%20Arizona%20in%201910&f=false|title=Latino Politics and Arizona’s Immigration Law SB 1070|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|date=2013|page=3| url-status=}}</ref>- 28.6% |
|||
|28.6% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! 1920 |
! 1920 |
||
|N/A |
|N/A |
||
|26.5%<ref name="Magaña, Lee 2013"/> - 30.4% |
|||
|30.4% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! 1930 |
! 1930 |
||
|N/A |
|N/A |
||
|26.2%<ref name="Magaña, Lee 2013"/> - 30.2% |
|||
|30.2% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! 1940 |
! 1940 |
||
Revision as of 19:55, 6 October 2021
Hispanic and Latino Arizonians are residents of the state of Arizona who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 30% of the state's population.[1]
History
After the Marcos de Niza expedition in Arizona, Coronado also explored several regions of the present state in 1540-1542, while searching for Cíbola. Arizona was incorporated into New Spain. Most of Arizona belonged to Las Californias, but the southeast belonged to Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico. However, only a small settler community formed in Arizona.
The settler community in Arizona dwindled in the early 18th century because of the problems it faced: Arizona's main economic source, the silver mines, ran out, so settlers lost interest in the territory. In addition, the Pima people frequently attacked the Spanish communities, causing riots and murders, as well as many other problems (they burned the settlers' land, poisoned the wells, etc.). All this made life in Arizona untenable for the settlers, so most of them left Arizona. So only a small settler community remained in Arizona, including the farmer José Romo de Vivar.[2]
After the New Spain independence from Spain in 1821, Arizona was incorporated into the state of Sonora, Mexico in 1822, although the Hispanic population remained small.
Arizona was thinly colonized by Mexico in the 1840s, with little protection from much larger Indian population. The U.S. won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Mexico ceded to the U.S. the northern 70% of modern-day Arizona. On June 8, 1854 the United States bought 29,670-square-mile of land from Mexico. This purchase, called Gadsden Purchase, consisted of the present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Since the second half of the 19th century, thousands of Mexicans have migrated to Arizona.
From 1870 to 1900 Arizona's population grew to 122,000 from just 10,000. Part of this growth was due to Mexican migration. Mexicans accounted for one out of every three immigrants in Arizona in that period.[3]
Demographics
Hispanics made up 32% of Arizona's population.[4][5] The largest ancestry group in Arizona is Mexican (26%).[6] The southern and central parts of the state are predominantly Mexican American, especially in Santa Cruz County and Yuma County near the Mexican border.
Arizona was projected to become a minority-majority state by the year 2015 if population growth trends continued. In 2003, for the first time, there were slightly more births to Hispanics in the state than births to non-Hispanic whites. Since then, the gap has widened. In 2007, Hispanics accounted for 45% of all newborns whereas non-Hispanic whites accounted for 41% of all births. However by 2011 those trends reversed. By 2011, non-Hispanic whites accounted for 46% of all births while Hispanics births fell to 39%.[7] As of 2010, 21% (1,202,638) of Arizona residents age 5 and older spoke Spanish at home as a primary language.[8]
In addition, there are an estimated 45,000 people residing in Arizona who are natives of Puerto Rico or of Puerto Rican descent.[9]
Spanish language in Arizona
The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish speakers.
Historic Hispanic/Latino population (1870-2020)
 Arizona
|
Number of Mexican Origin (1870-1930) and of Hispanic/Latino Origin (1940-2020) in Arizona[10][11][12][13][a] |
+% of Population of Mexican Origin (1870-1930) and of Hispanic/Latino Origin (1940-2020) in Arizona |
|---|---|---|
| 1870 | N/A | 61%[14] |
| 1880 | N/A | N/A |
| 1890 | N/A | N/A |
| 1900 | 40,000 (Mexican ethnics)[15] | N/A |
| 1910 | N/A | 24.0%[16]- 28.6% |
| 1920 | N/A | 26.5%[16] - 30.4% |
| 1930 | N/A | 26.2%[16] - 30.2% |
| 1940 | 101 902 | 20.4% |
| 1950 | N/A | 17.2% |
| 1960 | N/A | 14.9% |
| 1970 | 306,609 (15% sample) | 17.3% |
| 1980 | 440, 701 | 16.2% |
| 1990 | 688,338 | 18.8% |
| 2000 | 1,295,617 | 25.3% |
| 2010 | 1,895,149 | 29.6% |
| 2020 | 2,192,253 | 30.2% |
See also
References
- ^ "Arizona QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. 2011. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2014. (Note: All percentage figures rounded.)
- ^ Martínez Laínez, Fernando and Canales Torres, Carlos. Banderas lejanas: La exploración, conquista y defensa por parte de España del Territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos (in Spanish: Far flags. The exploration, conquest and defense by Spain of the Territory of the present United States). pp. 145–46. Fourth edition: September 2009.
- ^ Arizona Migration History 1860-2017. Published by University of Washington.
- ^ "Arizona – Fact Sheet – American FactFinder". Archived from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Arizona – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2005–2007". Archived from the original on 2020-02-10. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Arizona – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2005–2007". Archived from the original on 2020-02-10. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Births: Prelimanary Data for 2011" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 61 (5). U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Arizona". Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
- ^ "Puerto Rican Lives Matter". July 25, 2019.
- ^ "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ^ "U.S. Census of Population: 1960" (PDF). Www2.census.gov. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
- ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2010" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ^ "For three states, share of Hispanic population returns to the past". Pew Research Center. June 10, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help) - ^ Pablo R. Mitchell (2018). "Understanding Latino History: Excavating the Past, Examining the Present". Greenwood. p. 76.
- ^ a b c "Latino Politics and Arizona's Immigration Law SB 1070". Springer Publishing. 2013. p. 3.
{{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help)
External links
- Lucero, Heraian Robert (2004). Plessy to Brown: Education of Mexican Americans in Arizona public schools during the era of segregation (PDF). University of Arizona. – PhD thesis