Wheat germ agglutinin: Difference between revisions
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== Use in molecular biology == |
== Use in molecular biology == |
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WGA is also widely used in biological research. Since WGA binds to glycoconjugates in can be used to label cell membranes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-structure/plasma-membrane.html|title=Plasma Membrane - US|website=www.thermofisher.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>, fibrotic scar tissue<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Emde B, Heinen A, Gödecke A, Bottermann K | title = Wheat germ agglutinin staining as a suitable method for detection and quantification of fibrosis in cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction | journal = European Journal of Histochemistry | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 2448 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25578975 | pmc = 4289847 | doi = 10.4081/ejh.2014.2448 }}</ref> and [[arbuscular mycorrhizae]] for imaging and analysis. |
WGA is also widely used in biological research. Since WGA binds to glycoconjugates in can be used to label cell membranes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-structure/plasma-membrane.html|title=Plasma Membrane - US|website=www.thermofisher.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>, fibrotic scar tissue<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Emde B, Heinen A, Gödecke A, Bottermann K | title = Wheat germ agglutinin staining as a suitable method for detection and quantification of fibrosis in cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction | journal = European Journal of Histochemistry | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 2448 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25578975 | pmc = 4289847 | doi = 10.4081/ejh.2014.2448 }}</ref> and [[arbuscular mycorrhizae]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Gennaro |last2=Genre |first2=Andrea |title=Fluorescent Staining of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Structures Using Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and Propidium Iodide |journal=Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |date=2020 |volume=2146 |pages=53–59 |doi=10.1007/978-1-0716-0603-2_5}}</ref> for imaging and analysis. |
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[[File:arbuscule.png|thumb|A [[fluorescent microscopy]] image of a fungal [[arbuscule]] stained with WGA and [[Alexa Fluor]]]] |
[[File:arbuscule.png|thumb|A [[fluorescent microscopy]] image of a fungal [[arbuscule]] stained with WGA and [[Alexa Fluor]]]] |
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Revision as of 20:05, 6 June 2023
| Agglutinin isolectin 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Organism | |||||||
| Symbol | WGA1 | ||||||
| PDB | 2uvo | ||||||
| UniProt | P10968 | ||||||
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Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is a lectin that protects wheat (Triticum) from insects, yeast and bacteria. An agglutinin protein, it binds to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and Sialic acid.[1] Succinylated WGA is selective for β-N-acetylglucosamine (β-GlcNAc), making it a useful tool for detecting O-GlcNAc. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the natural environment of wheat is found in the chitin of insects, and the cell membrane of yeast & bacteria. WGA is found abundantly—but not exclusively—in the wheat kernel, where it got the 'germ' name from. In mammals the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that WGA binds to is found in cartilage[2] and cornea[3] among other places. In those animals sialic acid is found in mucous membranes, e.g. the lining of the inner nose, and digestive tract.
In solution, WGA exists mostly as a heterodimer of 38,000 daltons. It is cationic at physiological pH. It contains a Carbohydrate-binding module called CBM18.
Use in molecular biology
WGA is also widely used in biological research. Since WGA binds to glycoconjugates in can be used to label cell membranes[4], fibrotic scar tissue[5] and arbuscular mycorrhizae[6] for imaging and analysis.
See also
- Proteopedia: 2uvo – High resolution crystal structure of Wheat Germ Agglutinin in complex with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
- Proteopedia: 2uwg – Crystal structure of Wheat Germ Agglutinin isolectin 1 in complex with glycosylurethan
References
- ^ Monsigny M, Roche AC, Sene C, Maget-Dana R, Delmotte F (February 1980). "Sugar-lectin interactions: how does wheat-germ agglutinin bind sialoglycoconjugates?". European Journal of Biochemistry. 104 (1): 147–53. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04410.x. PMID 6892800.
- ^ Ohno J, Tajima Y, Utsumi N (October 1986). "Binding of wheat germ agglutinin in the matrix of rat tracheal cartilage". The Histochemical Journal. 18 (10): 537–40. doi:10.1007/BF01675194. PMID 3804790. S2CID 25384990.
- ^ Marfurt CF (February 1988). "Sympathetic innervation of the rat cornea as demonstrated by the retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 268 (2): 147–60. doi:10.1002/cne.902680202. PMID 3360982. S2CID 23955233.
- ^ "Plasma Membrane - US". www.thermofisher.com. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
- ^ Emde B, Heinen A, Gödecke A, Bottermann K (December 2014). "Wheat germ agglutinin staining as a suitable method for detection and quantification of fibrosis in cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction". European Journal of Histochemistry. 58 (4): 2448. doi:10.4081/ejh.2014.2448. PMC 4289847. PMID 25578975.
- ^ Carotenuto, Gennaro; Genre, Andrea (2020). "Fluorescent Staining of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Structures Using Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and Propidium Iodide". Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. 2146: 53–59. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0603-2_5.
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