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'''Hassaku''' ({{lang-ja|八朔}}, |
'''Hassaku''' ({{lang-ja|八朔}}) is a [[Japanese citrus]] [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] between [[pomelo]] and [[Mandarin orange|mandarin]], with pomelo-like characteristics. The original plant was discovered near the Jyoudo temple in Inno-shima, [[Hiroshima prefecture]], Japan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kubo |first=Minchinori |last2=Matsuda |first2=Hideaki |last3=Tomohiro |first3=Norimichi |last4=Harima |first4=Shouichi |date=2005 |title=[Historical and pharmalogical study of Citrus hassaku.] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16217907/ |journal=Yakushigaku Zasshi |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=47–51 |issn=0285-2314 |pmid=16217907}}</ref> |
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== Origin == |
== Origin == |
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Hassaku is probably a natural [[pomelo]] × [[Mandarin orange|mandarin]] hybrid, with pomelo-like characteristics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Talon |first=Manuel |url=https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=dslaDwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Genus Citrus |last2=Caruso |first2=Marco |last3=jr |first3=Fred G. Gmitter |date=2020-01-21 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=978-0-12-812217-4 |pages=85 |language=en |chapter=5}}</ref> It was discovered at the Jyoudo temple in [[Innoshima, Hiroshima|Inno-shima]] (now part of [[Onomichi]]), [[Hiroshima Prefecture]], [[Japan]] by Ekei Shounin in the [[Edo period]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1860, it was noted and named "''jagada''", later changed to ''hassaku'' ({{lang-ja|八朔}}), referring to the first day of August of the old Japanese lunar calendar, when the fruit ripened on the tree.<ref name=":0" /> According to Cécile Didierjean, who offered hassaku as an offering to the [[Shinto]] god [[Kôjin]] in [[Ōmi Province|Ōmi]] in March as a seasonal fruit.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Didierjean |first=Cécile |date=2005 |title=Des dons, des dieux et des hommes : les offrandes alimentaires dans le village de Himeshima |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ebisu_1340-3656_2005_num_34_1_1415 |journal=Ebisu - Études Japonaises |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=83–123 |doi=10.3406/ebisu.2005.1415}}</ref> Hassaku was not propagated and planted commercially until about 1925.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hassaku (Beni) pummelo hybrid (CRC 3907) |url=https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/crc3907 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=citrusvariety.ucr.edu |publisher=[[University of California, Riverside]] |language=en}}</ref> |
Hassaku is probably a natural [[pomelo]] × [[Mandarin orange|mandarin]] hybrid, with pomelo-like characteristics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Talon |first=Manuel |url=https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=dslaDwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Genus Citrus |last2=Caruso |first2=Marco |last3=jr |first3=Fred G. Gmitter |date=2020-01-21 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=978-0-12-812217-4 |pages=85 |language=en |chapter=5}}</ref> It was discovered at the Jyoudo temple in [[Innoshima, Hiroshima|Inno-shima]] (now part of [[Onomichi]]), [[Hiroshima Prefecture]], [[Japan]] by Ekei Shounin in the [[Edo period]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1860, it was noted and named "''jagada''", later changed to ''hassaku'' ({{lang-ja|八朔}}), referring to the first day of August of the old Japanese lunar calendar, when the fruit ripened on the tree.<ref name=":0" /> According to Cécile Didierjean, who offered hassaku as an offering to the [[Shinto]] god [[Kôjin]] in [[Ōmi Province|Ōmi]] in March as a seasonal fruit.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Didierjean |first=Cécile |date=2005 |title=Des dons, des dieux et des hommes : les offrandes alimentaires dans le village de Himeshima |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ebisu_1340-3656_2005_num_34_1_1415 |journal=Ebisu - Études Japonaises |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=83–123 |doi=10.3406/ebisu.2005.1415}}</ref> Hassaku was not propagated and planted commercially until about 1925.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hassaku (Beni) pummelo hybrid (CRC 3907) |url=https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/crc3907 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=citrusvariety.ucr.edu |publisher=[[University of California, Riverside]] |language=en}}</ref> |
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The allele sharing test performed by Tokurou Shimizu et al. (2016) gives its progenitors: [[pomelo]] (C. maxima) and the [[Kunenbo]] mandarin (Citrus nobilis). The same results show that various citrus fruits are hybrids of hassaku (May pomelo and Yellow pummelo, with Hirado buntan pollinator, Summer Fresh with natsudaidai pollinator, Sweet Spring pollination of a satsuma).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shimizu |first=Tokurou |last2=Kitajima |first2=Akira |last3=Nonaka |first3=Keisuke |last4=Yoshioka |first4=Terutaka |last5=Ohta |first5=Satoshi |last6=Goto |first6=Shingo |last7=Toyoda |first7=Atsushi |last8=Fujiyama |first8=Asao |last9=Mochizuki |first9=Takako |last10=Nagasaki |first10=Hideki |last11=Kaminuma |first11=Eli |last12=Nakamura |first12=Yasukazu |date=2016-11-30 |title=Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166969 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=e0166969 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0166969 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=PMC5130255 |pmid=27902727}}</ref> |
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The [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] eat the Hassaku as an orange, but it can be eaten with a [[grapefruit spoon]] to avoid the bitterness of the residual [[Fruit anatomy#Mesocarp|albedo]]. It is much more tart than an orange, but it does not lack sweetness entirely. When bitten into, juice bursts into the mouth from a slice of this fruit, considered very pleasant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nihonhacks.com/japanese-food/seasonal/winter/japanese-hassaku-fruit/|title=Japanese Hassaku Fruit|work=nihonhacks.com|access-date=2014-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219223633/http://nihonhacks.com/japanese-food/seasonal/winter/japanese-hassaku-fruit/|archive-date=2014-12-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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In 2010, 68% of Japan's 35,919-ton Hassaku harvest came from [[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]], with the remainder mainly grown in Hiroshima, [[Ehime Prefecture|Ehime]] and [[Tokushima Prefecture]]s.<ref name=":0" /> |
In 2010, 68% of Japan's 35,919-ton Hassaku harvest came from [[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]], with the remainder mainly grown in Hiroshima, [[Ehime Prefecture|Ehime]] and [[Tokushima Prefecture]]s.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The fruit is mostly eaten raw, as it becomes more bitter when cooked. Currently, the idea of using ion-exchange resin is being suggested as a way to remove the bitterness, and so make it possible to commercialize the juice. Nutritionally, the fruit is a good source of [[vitamin C]], [[folic acid]], [[potassium]] and fiber. |
The fruit is mostly eaten raw, as it becomes more bitter when cooked. Currently, the idea of using ion-exchange resin is being suggested as a way to remove the bitterness, and so make it possible to commercialize the juice. Nutritionally, the fruit is a good source of [[vitamin C]], [[folic acid]], [[potassium]] and fiber. |
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Several populations of the trees were infested with [[Citrus tristeza virus]] which caused stunted growth and destroyed the harvest after 10–15 years.<ref>Walter Reuther {{Google books|Bzv8n96-A10C|The Citrus Industry, Volume IV|page=102}}</ref> |
Several populations of the trees were infested with [[Citrus tristeza virus]] which caused stunted growth and destroyed the harvest after 10–15 years.<ref>Walter Reuther {{Google books|Bzv8n96-A10C|The Citrus Industry, Volume IV|page=102}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 18:13, 27 June 2024
| Hassaku | |
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| Hassaku, whole and sectioned | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Species: | C. × hassaku
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| Binomial name | |
| Citrus × hassaku Hort. Tanaka
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Hassaku (Japanese: 八朔) is a Japanese citrus hybrid between pomelo and mandarin, with pomelo-like characteristics. The original plant was discovered near the Jyoudo temple in Inno-shima, Hiroshima prefecture, Japan.[1]
Origin
Hassaku is probably a natural pomelo × mandarin hybrid, with pomelo-like characteristics.[2] It was discovered at the Jyoudo temple in Inno-shima (now part of Onomichi), Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan by Ekei Shounin in the Edo period.[1] In 1860, it was noted and named "jagada", later changed to hassaku (Japanese: 八朔), referring to the first day of August of the old Japanese lunar calendar, when the fruit ripened on the tree.[1] According to Cécile Didierjean, who offered hassaku as an offering to the Shinto god Kôjin in Ōmi in March as a seasonal fruit.[3] Hassaku was not propagated and planted commercially until about 1925.[4]
The allele sharing test performed by Tokurou Shimizu et al. (2016) gives its progenitors: pomelo (C. maxima) and the Kunenbo mandarin (Citrus nobilis). The same results show that various citrus fruits are hybrids of hassaku (May pomelo and Yellow pummelo, with Hirado buntan pollinator, Summer Fresh with natsudaidai pollinator, Sweet Spring pollination of a satsuma).[5]
Cultivation and uses
In 2010, 68% of Japan's 35,919-ton Hassaku harvest came from Wakayama, with the remainder mainly grown in Hiroshima, Ehime and Tokushima Prefectures.[1]
The fruit is mostly eaten raw, as it becomes more bitter when cooked. Currently, the idea of using ion-exchange resin is being suggested as a way to remove the bitterness, and so make it possible to commercialize the juice. Nutritionally, the fruit is a good source of vitamin C, folic acid, potassium and fiber.
Several populations of the trees were infested with Citrus tristeza virus which caused stunted growth and destroyed the harvest after 10–15 years.[6]
An extraction from the young fruits have been used medically in skin care treatments for patients with atopic dermatitis.[1]
Others
Hassa-kun is a local mascot character which represents Inno-shima in Hiroshima prefecture to enhance image and promote tourism.[7]
References
- ^ a b c d e Kubo, Minchinori; Matsuda, Hideaki; Tomohiro, Norimichi; Harima, Shouichi (2005). "[Historical and pharmalogical study of Citrus hassaku.]". Yakushigaku Zasshi. 40 (1): 47–51. ISSN 0285-2314. PMID 16217907.
- ^ Talon, Manuel; Caruso, Marco; jr, Fred G. Gmitter (2020-01-21). "5". The Genus Citrus. Woodhead Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-12-812217-4.
- ^ Didierjean, Cécile (2005). "Des dons, des dieux et des hommes : les offrandes alimentaires dans le village de Himeshima". Ebisu - Études Japonaises. 34 (1): 83–123. doi:10.3406/ebisu.2005.1415.
- ^ "Hassaku (Beni) pummelo hybrid (CRC 3907)". citrusvariety.ucr.edu. University of California, Riverside. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
- ^ Shimizu, Tokurou; Kitajima, Akira; Nonaka, Keisuke; Yoshioka, Terutaka; Ohta, Satoshi; Goto, Shingo; Toyoda, Atsushi; Fujiyama, Asao; Mochizuki, Takako; Nagasaki, Hideki; Kaminuma, Eli; Nakamura, Yasukazu (2016-11-30). "Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): e0166969. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166969. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5130255. PMID 27902727.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Walter Reuther The Citrus Industry, Volume IV, p. 102, at Google Books
- ^ The Innoshima Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Hassakun Profile, Hassakun Official site, http://cci.in-no-shima.jp/hassakun/profile.html
External links
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