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| Orbits Daily =
| Orbits Daily =
| Repetitivity =
| Repetitivity =
| Main_Instruments = MFI <ref name=lepping95 /> , Konus <ref name=aptekar95 /> , SMS <ref name=gloeckler95 /> , SWE <ref name=ogilvie95 /> , 3DP <ref name=lin95 /> , TGRS <ref name=owens95 /> , and WAVES <ref name=bougeret95 />
| Main_Instruments =
| Transponders =
| Transponders =
| Coverage =
| Coverage =
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The Global Geospace Science (GGS) '''WIND''' [[satellite]] is a [[NASA]] science [[spacecraft]] launched at 04:31:00 EST on November 1, 1994 from launch pad 17B at [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] (CCAFS) in [[Merritt Island, Florida]] aboard a [[McDonnell Douglas]] [[Delta II]] 7925-10 rocket. WIND was designed and manufactured by [[Martin Marietta]] Astro Space Division in [[East Windsor Township, New Jersey|East Windsor]], [[New Jersey]]. The satellite is a [[Spin-stabilized satellite|spin stabilized]] [[Cylinder (geometry)|cylindrical]] satellite with a diameter of 2.4 [[Metre|m]] and a height of 1.8 m.<ref name=fact-sheet/>
The Global Geospace Science (GGS) '''WIND''' [[satellite]] is a [[NASA]] science [[spacecraft]] launched at 04:31:00 EST on November 1, 1994 from launch pad 17B at [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] (CCAFS) in [[Merritt Island, Florida]] aboard a [[McDonnell Douglas]] [[Delta II]] 7925-10 rocket. WIND was designed and manufactured by [[Martin Marietta]] Astro Space Division in [[East Windsor Township, New Jersey|East Windsor]], [[New Jersey]]. The satellite is a [[Spin-stabilized satellite|spin stabilized]] [[Cylinder (geometry)|cylindrical]] satellite with a diameter of 2.4 [[Metre|m]] and a height of 1.8 m.<ref name=fact-sheet/>


It was deployed to study radio and plasma that occur in the [[solar wind]] and in the Earth's [[magnetosphere]] before the solar wind reaches the Earth. The spacecraft's original mission was to orbit the Sun at the {{L1}} [[Lagrangian points|Lagrangian point]], but this was delayed when the [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]] and [[Advanced Composition Explorer|ACE]] spacecraft were sent to the same location. WIND has been at {{L1}} continuously since 2004, and is still operating as of April 2008.<ref>[http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2008/4-30-polarsat.html Lockheed Martin Press Release], April 30, 2008</ref>
It was deployed to study radio and plasma that occur in the [[solar wind]] and in the Earth's [[magnetosphere]] before the solar wind reaches the Earth. The spacecraft's original mission was to orbit the Sun at the {{L1}} [[Lagrangian points|Lagrangian point]], but this was delayed when the [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]] and [[Advanced Composition Explorer|ACE]] spacecraft were sent to the same location. WIND has been at {{L1}} continuously since 2004, and is still operating as of March 2011<ref name=wind /> .


Mission Operations are conducted from the WIND/POLAR Mission Operations Room (MOR) in Building 3 at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Mission Operations are conducted from the WIND/POLAR Mission Operations Room (MOR) in Building 3 at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
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* Investigate basic plasma processes occurring in the near-Earth solar wind.
* Investigate basic plasma processes occurring in the near-Earth solar wind.
* Provide baseline ecliptic plane observations to be used in heliospheric latitudes from ULYSSES.
* Provide baseline ecliptic plane observations to be used in heliospheric latitudes from ULYSSES.

==The science instruments on the WIND spacecraft==
The aim of ISTP is to understand the behavior of the solar-terrestrial [[plasma]] environment in order to predict how the [[Earth]]'s atmosphere will respond to changes in [[solar wind]] conditions. Wind's objective is to measure the properties of the solar wind before it reaches the Earth. The Wind spacecraft has an array of instruments including: Konus <ref name=aptekar95 /> , the Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) <ref name=lepping95 /> , the Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Experiment (SMS) <ref name=gloeckler95 /> , the Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) <ref name=ogilvie95 /> , a Three-Dimensional Plasma and Energetic Particle Investigation (3DP) <ref name=lin95 /> , the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) <ref name=owens95 /> , and the Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation (WAVES) <ref name=bougeret95 /> . The Konus and TGRS instruments are primarily for gamma-ray and high energy photon observations of solar flares or [[gamma-ray bursts]]. The SMS experiment measures the mass and mass-to-charge ratios of heavy ions. The SWE and 3DP experiments are meant to measure/analyze the lower energy (below 10 MeV) solar wind [[protons]] and [[electrons]]. The WAVES and MFI experiments were designed to measure the electric and magnetic fields observed in the solar wind. All together, the Wind spacecrafts suite of instruments allows for a complete description of plasma phenomena in the solar wind plane of the ecliptic.
==WAVES==
The electric field detectors of the Wind WAVES instrument <ref name=bougeret95 /> are composed of three orthogonal electric field [[dipole antenna]], two in the spin plane (roughly the plane of the [[ecliptic]]) of the spacecraft and one along the spin axis. The complete WAVES suite of instruments includes five total receivers including: Low Frequency FFT receiver called FFT (0.3 Hz to 11 kHz), Thermal Noise Receiver called TNR (4-256 kHz), Radio receiver band 1 called RAD1 (20-1040 kHz), Radio receiver band 2 called RAD2 (1.075-13.825 MHz), and the Time Domain Sampler called TDS (≤7.5 kHz in slow mode and ≤120 kHz in fast mode). The longer of the two spin plane [[antenna]], defined as E<sub>x</sub>, is 100 m tip-to-tip while the shorter, defined as E<sub>y</sub>, is 15 m tip-to-tip. The spin axis dipole, defined as E<sub>z</sub>, is roughly 12 m tip-to-tip. When accounting for spacecraft potential, these antenna lengths are adjusted to ~41.1 m, ~3.79 m, and ~2.17 m. The Wind WAVES instrument also detects [[magnetic field]]s using three orthogonal search coil magnetometers (designed and built by the [[University of Iowa]]). The XY search coils are oriented to be parallel to the XY dipole antenna. TThe search coils allow for high frequency magnetic field measurements (defined as B<sub>x</sub>, B<sub>y</sub>, and B<sub>z</sub>). The WAVES Z-Axis is anti-parallel to Z-GSE ([[Geocentric Solar Ecliptic]]) direction. Thus any rotations can be done about the Z-Axis in the normal Eulerian sense followed by a change of sign in the Z-component of any [[GSE]] vector rotated into WAVES coordinates.


==Other Names==
==Other Names==
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==References==
==References==
<ref name=aptekar95>{{cite journal|last=Aptekar|first=R.L.|coauthors=et al.|title=Konus-W Gamma-Ray Burst Experiment for the GGS Wind Spacecraft|journal=Space Science Reviews|year=1995|month=February|volume=71|pages=265-272|doi=10.1007/BF00751332|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71..265A}}</ref>
<ref name=bougeret95>{{cite journal|last=Bougeret|first=J.-L.|coauthors=et al.|title=Waves: The Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft|journal=Space Science Reviews|year=1995|volume=71|pages=231-263|doi=10.1007/BF00751331|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71..231B}}</ref>
<ref name=gloeckler95>{{cite journal|last=Gloeckler|first=G.|coauthors=et al.|title=The Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft|journal=Space Science Reviews|year=1995|month=February|volume=71|pages=79-124|doi=10.1007/BF00751327|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71...79G}}</ref>
<ref name=lepping95>{{cite journal|last=Lepping|first=R.P.|coauthors=et al.|title=The Wind Magnetic Field Investigation|journal=Space Science Reviews|year=1995|month=February|volume=71|pages=207-229|doi=10.1007/BF00751330|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71..207L}}</ref>
<ref name=lin95>{{cite journal|last=Lin|first=R.P.|coauthors=et al.|title=A Three-Dimensional Plasma and Energetic Particle Investigation for the Wind Spacecraft|journal=Space Science Reviews|year=1995|month=February|volume=71|pages=125-153|doi=10.1007/BF00751328|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71..125L}}</ref>
<ref name=ogilvie95>{{cite journal|last=Ogilvie|first=K.W.|coauthors=et al.|title=SWE, A Comprehensive Plasma Instrument for the Wind Spacecraft|journal=Space Sci. Rev.|year=1995|month=February|volume=71|pages=55-77|doi=10.1007/BF00751326|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71...55O}}</ref>
<ref name=owens95>{{cite journal|last=Owens|first=A.|coauthors=et al.|title=A High-Resolution GE Spectrometer for Gamma-Ray Burst Astronomy|journal=Space Science Reviews|year=1995|month=February|volume=71|pages=273-296|doi=10.1007/BF00751333|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...71..273O}}</ref>
<ref name=wind>{{cite web|last=Szabo|first=Adam|title=Wind Spacecraft Project Scientist|url=http://wind.nasa.gov/|work=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center|publisher=NASA}}</ref>
<references/>
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/wind/ The WIND spacecraft at NASA]
* [http://wind.nasa.gov/ The WIND spacecraft at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center]
* [http://www.geophys.washington.edu/Space/SpaceExp/WIND/ The WIND Spacecraft Experiment]
* [http://www.geophys.washington.edu/Space/SpaceExp/WIND/ The WIND Spacecraft Experiment]
* [http://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/windnrt/ WIND Near Real-Time Data]
* [http://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/windnrt/ WIND Near Real-Time Data]

Revision as of 16:38, 17 March 2011

Template:Infobox Spacecraft

The Global Geospace Science (GGS) WIND satellite is a NASA science spacecraft launched at 04:31:00 EST on November 1, 1994 from launch pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Merritt Island, Florida aboard a McDonnell Douglas Delta II 7925-10 rocket. WIND was designed and manufactured by Martin Marietta Astro Space Division in East Windsor, New Jersey. The satellite is a spin stabilized cylindrical satellite with a diameter of 2.4 m and a height of 1.8 m.[1]

It was deployed to study radio and plasma that occur in the solar wind and in the Earth's magnetosphere before the solar wind reaches the Earth. The spacecraft's original mission was to orbit the Sun at the L1 Lagrangian point, but this was delayed when the SOHO and ACE spacecraft were sent to the same location. WIND has been at L1 continuously since 2004, and is still operating as of March 2011[2] .

Mission Operations are conducted from the WIND/POLAR Mission Operations Room (MOR) in Building 3 at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

WIND is the sister ship to GGS Polar.

Project logo.
Project logo.

The science objectives of the WIND mission

  • Provide complete plasma, energetic particle, and magnetic field input for magnetospheric and ionospheric studies.
  • Determine the magnetospheric output to interplanetary space in the up-stream region.
  • Investigate basic plasma processes occurring in the near-Earth solar wind.
  • Provide baseline ecliptic plane observations to be used in heliospheric latitudes from ULYSSES.

The science instruments on the WIND spacecraft

The aim of ISTP is to understand the behavior of the solar-terrestrial plasma environment in order to predict how the Earth's atmosphere will respond to changes in solar wind conditions. Wind's objective is to measure the properties of the solar wind before it reaches the Earth. The Wind spacecraft has an array of instruments including: Konus [3] , the Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) [4] , the Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Experiment (SMS) [5] , the Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) [6] , a Three-Dimensional Plasma and Energetic Particle Investigation (3DP) [7] , the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) [8] , and the Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation (WAVES) [9] . The Konus and TGRS instruments are primarily for gamma-ray and high energy photon observations of solar flares or gamma-ray bursts. The SMS experiment measures the mass and mass-to-charge ratios of heavy ions. The SWE and 3DP experiments are meant to measure/analyze the lower energy (below 10 MeV) solar wind protons and electrons. The WAVES and MFI experiments were designed to measure the electric and magnetic fields observed in the solar wind. All together, the Wind spacecrafts suite of instruments allows for a complete description of plasma phenomena in the solar wind plane of the ecliptic.

WAVES

The electric field detectors of the Wind WAVES instrument [9] are composed of three orthogonal electric field dipole antenna, two in the spin plane (roughly the plane of the ecliptic) of the spacecraft and one along the spin axis. The complete WAVES suite of instruments includes five total receivers including: Low Frequency FFT receiver called FFT (0.3 Hz to 11 kHz), Thermal Noise Receiver called TNR (4-256 kHz), Radio receiver band 1 called RAD1 (20-1040 kHz), Radio receiver band 2 called RAD2 (1.075-13.825 MHz), and the Time Domain Sampler called TDS (≤7.5 kHz in slow mode and ≤120 kHz in fast mode). The longer of the two spin plane antenna, defined as Ex, is 100 m tip-to-tip while the shorter, defined as Ey, is 15 m tip-to-tip. The spin axis dipole, defined as Ez, is roughly 12 m tip-to-tip. When accounting for spacecraft potential, these antenna lengths are adjusted to ~41.1 m, ~3.79 m, and ~2.17 m. The Wind WAVES instrument also detects magnetic fields using three orthogonal search coil magnetometers (designed and built by the University of Iowa). The XY search coils are oriented to be parallel to the XY dipole antenna. TThe search coils allow for high frequency magnetic field measurements (defined as Bx, By, and Bz). The WAVES Z-Axis is anti-parallel to Z-GSE (Geocentric Solar Ecliptic) direction. Thus any rotations can be done about the Z-Axis in the normal Eulerian sense followed by a change of sign in the Z-component of any GSE vector rotated into WAVES coordinates.

Other Names

See also

References

[3] [9] [5] [4] [7] [6] [8] [2]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference fact-sheet was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Szabo, Adam. "Wind Spacecraft Project Scientist". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA.
  3. ^ a b Aptekar, R.L. (1995). "Konus-W Gamma-Ray Burst Experiment for the GGS Wind Spacecraft". Space Science Reviews. 71: 265–272. doi:10.1007/BF00751332. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b Lepping, R.P. (1995). "The Wind Magnetic Field Investigation". Space Science Reviews. 71: 207–229. doi:10.1007/BF00751330. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ a b Gloeckler, G. (1995). "The Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft". Space Science Reviews. 71: 79–124. doi:10.1007/BF00751327. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ a b Ogilvie, K.W. (1995). "SWE, A Comprehensive Plasma Instrument for the Wind Spacecraft". Space Sci. Rev. 71: 55–77. doi:10.1007/BF00751326. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ a b Lin, R.P. (1995). "A Three-Dimensional Plasma and Energetic Particle Investigation for the Wind Spacecraft". Space Science Reviews. 71: 125–153. doi:10.1007/BF00751328. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ a b Owens, A. (1995). "A High-Resolution GE Spectrometer for Gamma-Ray Burst Astronomy". Space Science Reviews. 71: 273–296. doi:10.1007/BF00751333. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ a b c Bougeret, J.-L. (1995). "Waves: The Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft". Space Science Reviews. 71: 231–263. doi:10.1007/BF00751331. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

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