2nd New Zealand Parliament

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The 2nd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 15 April 1856, following New Zealand's 1855 election. It was dissolved on 5 November 1860 in preparation for 1860–61 election. The 2nd Parliament was the first under which New Zealand had responsible government, meaning that unlike previously, the Cabinet was chosen (although not officially appointed) by Parliament rather than by the Governor.

Contents

[edit] Historical context

At this time political parties had not been established (they were not established until after the 1890 election), meaning that anyone attempting to form an administration had to win support directly from individual MPs. This made forming (and retaining) a government difficult. The Sewell Ministry, the first responsible government, led by Henry Sewell, lasted only two weeks. The first Fox Ministry, the second responsible government, led by William Fox, also lasted only two weeks. The third responsible government, the first Stafford Ministry, led by Edward Stafford, was more stable, governing for the remainder of the 2nd Parliament and for the beginning of the 3rd.

[edit] Parliamentary sessions

Parliament sat for three sessions:[1]

Session from to
First 15 Apr 1856 16 Aug 1856
Second 10 Aug 1858 21 Aug 1858
Third 30 Jul 1860 5 Nov 1860

[edit] Electoral boundaries for the 2nd Parliament

The 2nd Parliament, which used the same electoral boundaries as the 1st Parliament, consisted of thirty-seven representatives representing twenty-four electorates. Two regions of the colony (the inland regions of the lower North Island and the north-west corner of the South Island) were not part of any electorate, and so were not represented. NewZealandElectorates1853-Labeled.png

[edit] Initial composition of the 2nd Parliament

Member Electorate Province MP's term Election date
Beckham, ThomasThomas Beckham City of Auckland Auckland First 02012-10-27 27 October[2]
Bell, DillonDillon Bell Hutt Wellington First 02012-11-16 16 November[2]
Brittin, DingleyDingley Brittin Christchurch Country Canterbury First 02012-12-20 20 December[3]
Brodie, WalterWalter Brodie Auckland Suburbs Auckland First 02012-10-27 27 October[3]
Brown, CharlesCharles Brown Grey and Bell New Plymouth First 02012-11-08 8 November[3]
Campbell, JohnJohn Campbell City of Auckland Auckland First 02012-10-27 27 October[4]
Cargill, JohnJohn Cargill Dunedin Country Otago Second 02012-12-11 11 December[4]
Cargill, WilliamWilliam Cargill Dunedin Country Otago First 02012-12-11 11 December[4]
Carleton, HughHugh Carleton Bay of Islands Auckland Second 02012-11-24 24 November[4]
Clifford, CharlesCharles Clifford City of Wellington Wellington Second 02012-11-13 13 November[5]
Cuff, JohnJohn Cuff Akaroa Canterbury First 02012-12-28 28 December[6]
Daldy, WilliamWilliam Daldy City of Auckland Auckland First 02012-10-27 27 October[6]
Domett, AlfredAlfred Domett Town of Nelson Nelson First 02012-11-12 12 November[7]
East, AlfredAlfred East Omata New Plymouth First 02012-11-10 10 November[7]
Elliott, CharlesCharles Elliott Waimea Nelson First 02012-11-19 19 November[7]
Featherston, IsaacIsaac Featherston City of Wellington Wellington Second 02012-11-13 13 November[8]
FitzGerald, JamesJames FitzGerald Town of Lyttelton Canterbury Second 02012-12-21 21 December[9]
Fitzherbert, WilliamWilliam Fitzherbert City of Wellington Wellington First 02012-11-13 13 November[9]
Fox, WilliamWilliam Fox Wanganui and Rangitikei Wellington First 02012-11-27 27 November[10]
Graham, RobertRobert Graham Southern Division Auckland First 02012-10-26 26 October[11]
Greenwood, JosephJoseph Greenwood Pensioner Settlements Auckland Second 02012-10-27 27 October[11]
Hall, JohnJohn Hall Christchurch Country Canterbury First 02012-12-20 20 December[12]
Henderson, ThomasThomas Henderson Northern Division Auckland First 02012-10-27 27 October[13]
Lee, WalterWalter Lee Northern Division Auckland Second 02012-10-27 27 October[14]
Ludlam, AlfredAlfred Ludlam Hutt Wellington Second 02012-11-16 16 November[14]
Macandrew, JamesJames Macandrew Town of Dunedin Otago Second 02012-12-11 11 December[15]
Merriman, FrederickFrederick Merriman Auckland Suburbs Auckland Second 02012-10-27 27 October[16]
Parker, CharlesCharles Parker Motueka and Massacre Bay Nelson First 02012-11-08 8 November[17]
Richmond, WilliamWilliam Richmond Town of New Plymouth New Plymouth First 02012-11-05 5 November[18]
Sewell, HenryHenry Sewell Town of Christchurch Canterbury Second 02012-12-18 18 December[19]
Smith, JohnJohn Smith Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay Wellington First 02012-11-26 26 November[20]
Stafford, EdwardEdward Stafford Town of Nelson Nelson First 02012-11-12 12 November[21]
Taylor, CharlesCharles Taylor Southern Division Auckland Second 02012-10-26 26 October[22]
Travers, WilliamWilliam Travers Waimea Nelson Second 02012-11-06 6 November[23]
Ward, DudleyDudley Ward Wellington Country Wellington First 02012-11-15 15 November[24]
Wells, WilliamWilliam Wells Wairau Nelson First 02012-11-19 19 November[25]
Williamson, JohnJohn Williamson Pensioner Settlements Auckland First 02012-10-27 27 October[26]

[edit] Changes during term

Montage of portraits depicting members of the New Zealand House of Representatives, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Clerk of the House, during the Second Parliament in 1860. Government House, Auckland, is at the top. This is the first photo taken of the New Zealand Parliament.
The key that goes with the montage of portraits.

The turnover of MPs was very high in the 2nd Parliament, with 32 by-elections and a supplementary election being held. This situation was partly the result of a redistribution of boundaries to seven electorates, and the creation of four new electorates - agreed upon in the Electoral Districts Act, 1858, with the total number of MPs in Parliament rising from 37 to 41, and the number of electorates rising from 24 to 28. The northern portion of the Northern Division electorate and the southern portion of Bay of Islands became the electorate of Marsden, while the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate was split into its two separate components (with Hawkes Bay also expanding inland into unincorporated areas). The southern portion of Wairau electorate, plus part of Christchurch Country, became the new Cheviot electorate, and the western portion of Dunedin Country became the new Wallace electorate. In addition, the Wanganui and Rangitikei electorate expanded inland into unincorporated areas, leaving the northwest of the South Island as the colony's only territory not part of an electorate. At the opening of the 6th session of the Parliament on 10 April 1858,[27] the speaker read out 14 resignations.[28]

By-election Electorate Date Incumbent Reason Winner
1856 Motueka & Massacre Bay 19 May Charles Parker[17] Resignation Herbert Curtis[6][29]
1856 Christchurch Country[30] 14 October Dingley Brittin[3] Resignation John Ollivier[31]
1856 Grey and Bell 14 October Charles Brown[3] Resignation John Lewthwaite[14]
1856 Town of Christchurch[32] 18 November Henry Sewell[19] Resignation Richard Packer[17]
1856 Hutt 27 November Alfred Ludlam[14] Resignation Samuel Revans[33]
1858 City of Auckland 27 April John Campbell[4] Resignation Thomas Forsaith[10]
1858 Pensioner Settlements[34] 29 April Joseph Greenwood[11] Resignation John Campbell[35]
1858 Southern Division 8 May Charles Taylor[22] Resignation Theodore Haultain[36]
1858 Grey and Bell 17 May John Lewthwaite[14] Resignation Charles Brown[3]
1858 Waimea 21 May Charles Elliott[7] Resignation David Monro[37]
1858 Wairau 21 May William Wells[25] Resignation Frederick Weld[25]
1858 Town of Lyttelton 28 May James FitzGerald[9] Resignation Crosbie Ward[24]
1858 Akaroa 31 May John Cuff[6] Resignation William Moorhouse[37]
1858 Dunedin Country 16 June John Cargill[4] Resignation John Taylor[22]
1858[38] Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay 22 July John Smith[20] Resignation James Ferguson[8]
1858 City of Wellington 27 July Isaac Featherston
William Fitzherbert[9]		 Resignations Isaac Featherston
William Rhodes[39]
1858 Wellington Country 29 July Dudley Ward[24] Resignation Alfred Brandon[3]
1858 Hutt 31 July Dillon Bell[2]
Samuel Revans[33]		 Resignations Alfred Ludlam[14]
William Fitzherbert[9]
1859 Town of Dunedin 14 January James Macandrew Resignation James Macandrew[15]

Supplementary election, 1859
Cheviot 18 December[40] Edward Jollie
Marsden 29 November[8] James Farmer
Wairarapa 7 November[5] Charles Carter
Wallace 30 November[2] Dillon Bell
By-election Electorate Date Incumbent Reason Winner

2nd Parliament (continued)
1859 Waimea 26 December William Travers Resignation John Kelling
1860 Town of Christchurch[41][42] 18 January Richard Packer Resignation Henry Sewell
1860 (1st) Suburbs of Auckland 25 January Walter Brodie Resignation Theophilus Heale
1860 Dunedin Country 28 March William Cargill[4] Resignation Thomas Gillies[43]
1860 (1st) Christchurch Country 2 April John Ollivier Resignation Isaac Cookson
1860 City of Auckland 5 April Thomas Beckham Resignation Archibald Clark
1860 (2nd) Suburbs of Auckland 5 April Frederick Merriman Resignation Joseph Hargreaves
1860 Omata 16 April Alfred East Resignation James Richmond
1860 (2nd) Christchurch Country 21 April John Hall Resignation Charles Brown
1860 County of Hawke 26 April James Ferguson Resignation Thomas Fitzgerald
1860 Northern Division[44] 23 May Thomas Henderson Resignation Thomas Henderson
1860 Grey and Bell[45] 28 May Charles Brown Resignation Thomas King
1860 (3rd) Suburbs of Auckland 4 August Joseph Hargreaves Resignation John Campbell

[edit] Existing electorates

Akaroa

Cuff resigned in 1858[28] and was succeeded by William Sefton Moorhouse.

Auckland Suburbs

Merriman resigned on 13 March 1860.[46] He was succeeded by Joseph Hargreaves, who was elected on 5 April 1860, and resigned on 24 July 1860.[36] Hargreaves was replaced by John Logan Campbell, who was returned unopposed on 4 August 1860.[47]

Brodie resigned on 6 December 1859[46] and was succeeded by Theophilus Heale[48].

Christchurch Country

Brittin resigned in 1856, returned to England on 'urgent business' and did not return to New Zealand.[49] He was succeeded in 1856 by John Ollivier,[30] who himself resigned in 1860. Ollivier was succeeded by Isaac Thomas Cookson.

Hall resigned in 1860 and was succeeded by Charles Hunter Brown.

City of Auckland

Campbell resigned in 1858.[28] He was succeeded by Thomas Forsaith.

Beckham resigned in 1859. He was succeeded by Archibald Clark.[50]

City of Wellington

In 1858, Featherston and Fitzherbert resigned their seats in Parliament.[28] Featherston apparently wanted to return to England.[51] Instead, he successfully stood for re-election within months. The other person returned in the same by-election was William Barnard Rhodes.[52]

County of Hawke

The renamed County of Hawke (it had previously been Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay, until its southern portion was made into the separate electorate of Wairarapa). Thomas Henry FitzGerald was elected as its representative on 26 April 1860.

Dunedin Country

John and his father William Cargill resigned in 1858[28] and October 1859, respectively. The first vacancy was filled by John Parkin Taylor, who retired from parliament at the end of this term. The second vacancy was filled by Thomas Gillies.[46]

Grey and Bell

Brown resigned on 16 August 1856 to (unsuccessfully) contest the Taranaki superintendency. He was again elected in 1858 and resigned in 1860, when his militia service required his full attention.[53] In between Brown's terms, John Lewthwaite (who resigned in 1858) represented the electorate.[28]

Hutt

Bell resigned in 1858[28] and was succeeded by William Fitzherbert. Ludlam, the other representative of Hutt, resigned in 1856 and was replaced by Samuel Revans, who resigned again on 22 March 1858[28] and was succeeded by Alfred Renall.

Motueka and Massacre Bay

Parker resigned in 1856 and was succeeded by Herbert Evelyn Curtis.[54]

Omata

East resigned in 1860. The subsequent by-election on 16 April 1860 was won unopposed by James Crowe Richmond.[55]

Pensioner Settlements

Greenwood resigned[28] and Captain John Jermyn Symonds was elected on 30 April 1858.[56]

Southern Division

Taylor resigned on 13 April 1858 and was succeeded through an 1858 by-election by Theodore Haultain.

Town of Christchurch

Sewell resigned his seat in late 1856 to return to England. He was succeeded by Richard Packer.[32] Packer resigned in 1859. Sewell, having returned from England, won the 1860 by-election.[42] He did not seek re-election at the end of the term, but was appointed Registrar-General of Lands towards the end of 1860.[57]

Town of Dunedin

Macandrew resigned on 2 November 1858. He successfully contested the January 1859 by-election in the same electorate[58]

Town of Lyttelton

FitzGerald] resigned in 1857 due to ill health.[28][59] Crosbie Ward won the resulting by-election in May 1858.[60]

Waimea

Elliot resigned in 1858.[28] He was succeeded by David Monro, who had already represented the electorate in the 1st Parliament.

Travers resigned in 1859 and was succeeded by John Fedor Augustus Kelling[54]

Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay

Smith resigned on 10 March 1858.[28] He was succeeded by James Burne Ferguson.[61]

Wairau

Wells resigned in 1858.[28] He was succeeded by Frederick Weld, who had already represented the electorate in the 1st Parliament.

Wellington Country

Ward resigned on 22 March 1858.[28] He was succeeded by Alfred Brandon.

[edit] New electorates

Cheviot

Cheviot was first created in 1859, with Edward Jollie its first representative.

Marsden

Marsden was established in 1859. James Farmer was the first representative, elected on 16 December 1859.[62]

Wairarapa

The Wairarapa electorate was created in 1859. Charles Rooking Carter was the first elected representative.

Wallace

The Wallace electorate was created in 1859 and the first elections held on 30 November. Dillon Bell was the first elected representative.

[edit] External links

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 68.
  2. ^ a b c d Scholefield 1950, p. 95.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Scholefield 1950, p. 97.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Scholefield 1950, p. 99.
  5. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 100.
  6. ^ a b c d Scholefield 1950, p. 102.
  7. ^ a b c d Scholefield 1950, p. 104.
  8. ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 105.
  9. ^ a b c d e Scholefield 1950, p. 106.
  10. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 107.
  11. ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 109.
  12. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 111.
  13. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 113.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Scholefield 1950, p. 120.
  15. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 121.
  16. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 126.
  17. ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 131.
  18. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 136.
  19. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 138.
  20. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 139.
  21. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 140.
  22. ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 143.
  23. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 144.
  24. ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 146.
  25. ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 147.
  26. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 148.
  27. ^ "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NEW ZEALAND.". Otago Witness. Issue 340, 5 June 1858. pp. 4. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW18580605.2.9. Retrieved 30 April 2010. 
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.". Otago Witness. Issue 340, 5 June 1858. pp. 5. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW18580605.2.11. Retrieved 30 April 2010. 
  29. ^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1906). "Present And Past Members Of Parliament". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts. Christchurch. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc05Cycl-t1-body1-d1-d1-d3.html#name-431292-mention. Retrieved 26 June 2010. 
  30. ^ a b "Canterbury". Daily Southern Cross. Volume XIII, Issue 978, 11 November 1856. p. 3. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=DSC18561111.1.3. Retrieved 26 March 2010. 
  31. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 130.
  32. ^ a b "Canterbury". Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle. Volume XV, Issue 79, 31 December 1856. p. 3. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NENZC18561231.2.15. Retrieved 26 March 2010. 
  33. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 134.
  34. ^ "The Elections". Daily Southern Cross: p. 3. Volume XV, Issue 1132, 4 May 1858. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=DSC18580504.2.14. Retrieved 17 January 2011. 
  35. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 142.
  36. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 112.
  37. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 127.
  38. ^ "Nomination and Election of a Member of the House of Representatives for the Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay Districts". Hawke's Bay Herald: p. 2. Volume 1, Issue 45, 31 July 1858. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=HBH18580731.2.7. Retrieved 18 January 2011. 
  39. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 135.
  40. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 117.
  41. ^ "Canterbury". Wellington Independent. Volume XV, Issue 1398, 17 January 1860. p. 3. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=WI18600117.2.13. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
  42. ^ a b "Mr. Sewell's Policy". Wellington Independent. Volume XV, Issue 1402, 31 January 1860. p. 3. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=WI18600131.2.6. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
  43. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 108.
  44. ^ "Northern Division election". Daily Southern Cross: p. 3. Volume XVII, Issue 1297, 25 May 1860. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=DSC18600525.2.8.4. Retrieved 23 December 2010. 
  45. ^ "Grey and Bell election". Taranaki Herald: p. 3. Volume VIII, Issue 409, 2 June 1860. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TH18600602.2.7. Retrieved 15 June 2010. 
  46. ^ a b c Wilson 1985, p. ?.
  47. ^ "Election for the Suburbs". Daily Southern Cross: p. 2. Volume XVII, Issue 1319, 7 August 1860. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=DSC18600807.2.10.4. Retrieved 23 June 2010. 
  48. ^ Cyclopedia Company Limited 1902, p. 103.
  49. ^ Cyclopedia Company Limited 1903, p. 92.
  50. ^ Cyclopedia Company Limited 1902, p. 102.
  51. ^ Hamer, David (updated 22 June 2007). "Featherston, Isaac Earl 1813 - 1876". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=1F4. Retrieved 3 July 2010. 
  52. ^ "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald: p. 2. Volume 1, Issue 47, 14 August 1858. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=HBH18580814.2.9. Retrieved 3 July 2010. 
  53. ^ Foster 1966, p. ?.
  54. ^ a b Cyclopedia Company Limited 1906, p. 33.
  55. ^ "Election". Taranaki Herald: p. 2. Volume VIII, Issue 403, 21 April 1860. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TH18600421.2.5. Retrieved 23 June 2010. 
  56. ^ "The Elections". Daily Southern Cross: p. 3. Volume XV, Issue 1132, 4 May 1858. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=DSC18580504.2.14. Retrieved 29 June 2010. 
  57. ^ "New Plymouth, December 8, 1860". Taranaki Herald. Volume IX, Issue 436, 8 December 1860. p. 2. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TH18601208.1.2. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
  58. ^ "ELECTION OF A MEMBER FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". Otago Witness: p. 5. Issue 372, 15 January 1859. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18590115.2.13. Retrieved 1 July 2010. 
  59. ^ McIntyre, W. David (updated 22 June 2007). "FitzGerald, James Edward 1818 - 1896". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=1F9. Retrieved 1 May 2010. 
  60. ^ Rice, Geoffrey W. (updated 22 June 2007). "Ward, Crosbie 1832 - 1867". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=1W6. Retrieved 1 May 2010. 
  61. ^ "Nomination and Election of a Member of the House of Representatives for the Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay Districts". Hawke's Bay Herald: p. 2. Volume 1, Issue 45, 31 July 1858. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=HBH18580731.2.7. Retrieved 28 June 2010. 
  62. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 90.

[edit] References

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