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ABCA12

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ABCA12
Identifiers
AliasesABCA12, ARCI4A, ARCI4B, ICR2B, LI2, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12
External IDsOMIM: 607800; MGI: 2676312; HomoloGene: 45441; GeneCards: ABCA12; OMA:ABCA12 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_015657
NM_173076

NM_175210

RefSeq (protein)

NP_056472
NP_775099

NP_780419

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 214.93 – 215.14 MbChr 1: 71.28 – 71.45 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 12 also known as ATP-binding cassette transporter 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCA12 gene.[5]

ABCA12 belongs to a group of genes called the ATP-binding cassette family, which makes proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes. The ABCA12 gene is active in some types of skin cells and in several other tissues, such as testis, placenta, lung, stomach, and fetal brain and liver. This protein appears to be essential for normal development of the skin, which provides a barrier between the body and its surrounding environment. It transports epidermoside, a glucosylceramide, out of the keratinocytes of the stratum corneum of the epidermis.[6]

The ABCA12 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 between positions 34 and 35, from base pair 215,621,772 to base pair 215,828,656.

Clinical significance

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Harlequin-type ichthyosis

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Several mutations in the ABCA12 gene are known to cause harlequin-type ichthyosis.[7] Most of these mutations are predicted to lead to an absence of ABCA12 protein or the production of an extremely small version of the protein that cannot transport lipids properly. A loss of functional ABCA12 protein causes numerous problems with the development of the epidermis before and after birth. Abnormalities in lipid transport prevent the skin from forming an effective barrier and result in the hard, thick scales characteristic of harlequin ichthyosis.

Lamellar ichthyosis type 2

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Mutations in the ABCA12 gene also cause another severe skin disorder, lamellar ichthyosis type 2.[8][9] People with this disorder have red, scaly, plate-like skin covering most of their bodies. The ABCA12 mutations that cause this disorder substitute one amino acid (a building block of proteins) for another amino acid in the ABCA12 protein. These mutations almost always occur in an important functional region of the protein (the region that binds to ATP, a molecule that supplies energy for chemical reactions). Changes in the structure of the ABCA12 protein likely disrupt its ability to transport lipids, which affects the development of skin before and after birth.

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000144452Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050296Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: ATP-binding cassette".
  6. ^ Y. Ishibashi; A. Kohyama-Koganeya; Y. Hirabayashi (2013). "New insights on glucosylated lipids: Metabolism and functions". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1831 (9): 1475–1485. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.06.001. PMID 23770033.
  7. ^ Kelsell DP, Norgett EE, Unsworth H, et al. (May 2005). "Mutations in ABCA12 underlie the severe congenital skin disease harlequin ichthyosis". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76 (5): 794–803. doi:10.1086/429844. PMC 1199369. PMID 15756637.
  8. ^ Annilo T, Shulenin S, Chen ZQ, Arnould I, Prades C, Lemoine C, Maintoux-Larois C, Devaud C, Dean M, Denefle P, Rosier M (2002). "Identification and characterization of a novel ABCA subfamily member, ABCA12, located in the lamellar ichthyosis region on 2q34". Cytogenet Genome Res. 98 (2–3): 169–76. doi:10.1159/000069811. PMID 12697999. S2CID 28012695.
  9. ^ Lefevre C, Audebert S, Jobard F, Bouadjar B, Lakhdar H, Boughdene-Stambouli O, Blanchet-Bardon C, Heilig R, Foglio M, Weissenbach J, Lathrop M, Prud'homme JF, Fischer J (2003). "Mutations in the transporter ABCA12 are associated with lamellar ichthyosis type 2". Hum Mol Genet. 12 (18): 2369–78. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg235. PMID 12915478.

Further reading

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