Ayano-Maysky District
| Ayano-Maysky District Аяно-Майский район (Russian) |
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 Location of Ayano-Maysky District on the map of Khabarovsk Krai |
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| Coordinates: 55°29′N 135°00′E / 55.483°N 135°ECoordinates: 55°29′N 135°00′E / 55.483°N 135°E | |
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| Administrative status (as of 2009) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Khabarovsk Krai[1] |
| Administrative center | selo of Ayan[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 167,228.6 km2 (64,567.3 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
2,291 inhabitants[3] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 3,271 inhabitants[4] |
| - Urban population | 0% |
| - Rural population | 100% |
| Density | 0 /km2 (0 /sq mi)[5] |
| Time zone | VLAT (UTC+11:00)[6] |
Ayano-Maysky District (Russian: Ая́но-Ма́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ayan.[2] District's population: 2,291 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 3,271 (2002 Census);[4] 4,802 (1989 Census).[7] Population of Ayan accounts for 40.5% of the district's population.[4]
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[edit] Geography
The district has two climatic zones: a sharply continental and a maritime continental. The villages of Aim, Dzhigda, and Nelkan are located in the former, and Ayan belongs to the latter. Areas along the coast receive much precipitation; have a frequent share of cloudy days, storm winds, and blizzards. Average winter temperatures range from −16 °C (3 °F) to −20 °C (−4 °F); average summer temperatures—from +18 °C (64 °F) to +20 °C (68 °F).
The impact of the Sea of Okhotsk on the coastal region is constant and as it moves west inland toward the Dzhugdzhur mountain range and becomes weaker the impact creates a climatic subzone, transforming the maritime climate into a sharply continental one. The ridge of the Dzhugdzhur Mountains demarcates the border between two climates.
A unique orographic feature of the region is the circular, crater-like Kondyor Massif.[8]
In the sharply continental zone, which gets very little precipitation and is humidity free, average winter and summer temperatures vary from −40 °C (−40 °F) to −45 °C (−49 °F) and from +26 °C (79 °F) to +30 °C (86 °F) respectively.
[edit] History
In the 17th century, shortly after the establishment of Yakutsk, the exploration of what is now Ayano-Maysky District pursued two goals. Yakutsk officials through eastward expansion sought to come up with new sources of tribute for the Tsar's treasury while at the same time trying to find a shorter, more convenient passage to the Okhotsk Sea, in order to continue to care for the needs of rich Russian colonies in the Far East and North America.
In 1639, a group of Russian explorers under the leadership of Ivan Moskvitin reached the Sea of Okhotsk for the first time through the territory of modern Ayano-Maysky District.
In the first half of the 19th century, the Russian-American Company became the first trading company in the region, with its merchant office located in the port of Okhotsk. In 1842, the Company decided to find a better, more advantageous spot for a seaport. Consequently, in 1845 the Russian American Company's merchant office was moved to Ayan.
Ayan's prosperity, however, was not to last. After the Alaska purchase, life was virtually brought to a standstill. By 1867, the Russian-American Company was no longer in business. Many local businessmen and professionals joined the exodus of merchants who had discontinued their operations in the area. A recently (1850s) built and much more conveniently located Nikolayevsk-na-Amure became Russia's new main port in the Sea of Okhotsk region.
In the Russian Civil War, the territory of modern Ayano-Maysky District was the scene of the anti-Soviet Yakut Revolt. It was the last enclave of the White Forces, where General Anatoly Pepelyayev did not capitulate until June 17, 1923.
By decree of the Soviet government, Ayano-Maysky District was officially formed on December 10, 1930 by combining the areas of Ayan and Nelkan. Ayan was assigned the role of being the administrative center. In the 1930s, the Soviet government began forming state and collective farms, opened local schools and hospitals, amateur musical clubs, and otherwise encouraged the Evenks to switch from their nomadic lifestyle to a settled way of life.
In 1936, the first local farmers' market was opened with hopes of bringing locals together. State farm workers and private small farm owners sold their meat, wild game, fish, berries, mushrooms, etc.
People who made the decision to make this region their temporary home received added governmental bonuses to their pay and an earlier retirement age: for men when they reached 55 and women at 50.
With the collapse of the Soviet system, however, some state farms and enterprises were disbanded and government subsidies discontinued, forcing many residents to move out of the settlements to bigger cities or other regions of Russia.
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ Resolution #143-pr, Article 3
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 08 206», в ред. изменения №179/2011 от 1 февраля 2012 г. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 08 206, as amended by the Amendment #179/2011 of February 1, 2012. ).
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ a b c Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Kondyor Massif, Russian Far East - NASA photos
[edit] Sources
- Правительство Хабаровского края. Постановление №143-пр от 18 июля 2007 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Хабаровского края», в ред. Постановления №304-пр от 16 сентября 2011 г «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Хабаровского края, утверждённый Постановлением Правительства Хабаровского края от 18 июля 2007 г. №143-пр». Вступил в силу 13 августа 2007 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства Хабаровского края", №7(60), 12 августа 2007 г. (Government of Khabarovsk Krai. Resolution #143-pr of July 18, 2007 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Khabarovsk Krai, as amended by the Resolution #304-pr of September 16, 2011 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Khabarovsk Krai, Adopted by the Resolution #143-pr of the Government of Khabarovsk Krai of July 18, 2007. Effective as of August 13, 2007.).
[edit] External links
- Official website of Khabarovsk Krai. Information about Ayano-Maysky District (Russian)
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