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Blusher

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Blusher
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. rubescens
Binomial name
Amanita rubescens
Amanita rubescens
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is flat
Hymenium is free
Stipe has a ring
Spore print is white
Ecology is mycorrhizal
Edibility is edible but not recommended

The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus Amanita. A. rubescens or the blushing amanita,[1] is found in Europe and eastern North America, and A. novinupta, also known as the new bride blushing amanita,[1] is found in western North America. Both their scientific and common names are derived from the propensity of their flesh to turn pink on bruising, or cutting.

The mushroom is edible and tasty, sought for in several European countries. It is readily recognizable by its pinkish color on the bottom of the stem. It is avoided by novice mushroomers as without knowledge it can be confused with deadly poisonous species.

Description

The European blusher has a reddish-brown convex pileus (cap), that is 5–15 cm across, and strewn with small white-to-mahogany warts.[2] It is sometimes covered with an ochre-yellow flush which can be washed by the rain. The flesh of the mushroom is white, becoming pink when bruised or exposed to air. This is a key feature in differentiating it from the poisonous false blusher or panther cap (Amanita pantherina), whose flesh does not. The stipe (stem) is white with flushes of the cap colour, and grows to 5–15 cm.[2] The gills are white and free of the stem, and display red spots when damaged. The ring is striate (i.e. has ridges) on its upper side, another feature distinguishing it from Amanita pantherina. The spores are white, ovate, amyloid,[2] and approximately 8 by 5 µm in size.

The flavour of the uncooked flesh is mild, but has a faint acrid aftertaste. The smell is not strong.

The mushroom is often attacked by insects.

Distribution and habitat

Amanita rubescens group

It is common throughout much of Europe and eastern North America (in the latter region there are at least three different species that fit into the name Amanita amerirubescens) growing on poor soils as well as in deciduous and coniferous woodlands, appearing from June through to November in the UK. It has also been recorded from South Africa, where it is thought to have been accidentally introduced with trees imported from Europe.[3] It has also been recorded from Asia [4]

In eastern North America, Amanita rubescens is frequently parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus. Parasitized fruiting bodies are extremely difficult to recognize unless they occur in conjunction with healthy ones, although some retain the "blushing" characteristic of the species.[5]

Amanita novinupta

A species found in the western U.S., only recently formally described and until then frequently misidentified as A. rubescens; see MykoWeb - Fungi of California - Amanita novinupta for details.

Other species

Closely related species include Amanita brunneolocularis, A. orsonii, A. rubescens var. alba, and A. rubescens var. congolensis.[6]

Uses

Amanita rubescens is edible when cooked.[7] European A. rubescens is known to contain a hemolytic protein in its raw state, which is destroyed by low pH and when is cooked; it is unknown whether North American A. rubescens and A. novinupta are similarly toxic when eaten raw.

  • Amanita 'amerirubescens'
    Amanita 'amerirubescens'
  • Amanita 'amerirubescens'
    Amanita 'amerirubescens'
  • Mushrooms at various ages
    Mushrooms at various ages
  • Amanita rubescens
    Amanita rubescens
  • Amanita rubescens f. anulo sulphureus
    Amanita rubescens f. anulo sulphureus
  • Amanita rubescens
    Amanita rubescens
  • Amanita rubescens
    Amanita rubescens

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
  3. ^ Reid DA, Eicker A (1991). "South African fungi: the genus Amanita" (PDF). Mycological Research. 95: 80–95. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81364-6. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
  4. ^ Asef M.R. (2020). Field guide of Mushrooms of Iran. Tehran: Iran-Shanasi Press. p. 360. ISBN 9786008351429.
  5. ^ Michael Kuo, Hypomyces hyalinus, MushroomExpert.com, Oct. 2003.
  6. ^ "Amanita brunneolocularis Tulloss, Ovrebo and Halling". Archived from the original on 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
  7. ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amanita rubescens.

Amanita rubescens

Amanita novinupta

Other species

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