Cẩm Phả
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Cẩm Phả
Thành phố Cẩm Phả | |
|---|---|
| Cẩm Phả City | |
 | |
  Cẩm Phả | |
| Coordinates: 21°01′N 107°19′E / 21.017°N 107.317°E | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Region | Northeast |
| Province | Quảng Ninh |
| Area | |
| • Total | 486.45 km2 (187.82 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 70 m (230 ft) |
| Population (2015) | |
| • Total | 203,435 |
| • Density | 418/km2 (1,080/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (UTC + 7) |
| Climate | Cwa |
| Website | Cẩm Phả City |
Cẩm Phả () is a city of Quảng Ninh Province in the north-east region of Vietnam. It is an important coal exporting port of Vietnam (UNCTAD: VNCPH).[1] As of February 2012, the city had a population of 195,800. The city covers an area of 486 km2. The city was promoted from Cẩm Phả District by February 2012.[2] Cẩm Phả was the site of one of the biggest coal mines in south of Asia which has been exploited for almost a century.[3] The coal mine featured on a special commemorative Vietnam stamp in March 1959.[4] Coal still forms the basis of Cẩm Phả's local economy, with other industries including quarrying, lime production, port, agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
The official town website claims several scenic and historical sites in Cẩm Phả, including the Cửa Ông Temple, Rều Island (Monkey Island), Thẻ Vàng Island, the Vũng Đục historical site, and Hang Hanh cave.[5]
History
In 1884, Cẩm Phả came under French administration. On 24 August 1886, Bavienpour established the coal company Công ty Pháp mỏ than Bắc Kỳ (French: Société Francais des Charbonneges du Ton Kin; SFCT). SFCT had the right to manage and exploit coal in the Hòn Gai, Cẩm Phả, and Mông Dương regions.[6]
On 27 September 1945, during the August Revolution, workers drove the French out of Cẩm Phả. The French troops returned in November 1946, but the inhabitants fought back, destroying the coal mines, and hundreds of people were killed. The last French soldier withdrew from Cửa Ông, near the Cẩm Phả area on 22 April 1955.[7]
During the Vietnam War, American aircraft bombed Cẩm Phả several times due to its strategic importance.[8]
On 30 October 1963, Cẩm Phả, formerly in Hồng Quảng province, came under the jurisdiction of Quảng Ninh province when Hải Ninh and Hồng Quảng provinces merged.[9]
On 10 September 1981, Cẩm Phả's boundaries were redistributed. The town of Mông Dương was dissolved to form Mông Dương ward and Cẩm Hải commune. Cửa Ông town became Cửa Ông ward. Cọc 6 town and Thái Bình commune became Cẩm Phú and Cẩm Thịnh wards.[10]
On 21 February 2012, Cẩm Phả was upgraded from a town to a city.[11][12]
Administrative divisions
The city contains 13 phường: Quang Hanh, Cẩm Thạch, Cẩm Thuỷ, Cẩm Trung, Cẩm Thành, Cẩm Tây, Cẩm Bình, Cẩm Đông, Cẩm Sơn, Cẩm Phú, Cẩm Thịnh, Cửa Ông, Mông Dương, and 3 communes: Dương Huy, Cộng Hoà, Cẩm Hải.
Port of Cẩm Phả
Though the port of Cẩm Phả has a general maximum draft of 4.8 metres, it has a separate coal loading terminal with a dredged depth of 6.1 metres and a channel depth of 7.1 metres.[13][14] This allows ships of up to 10 metres draft to load due to the tidal range in the port.[15] The coal loading terminal is 299 metres long, and can accommodate ships that are 165 metres in length, at an average loading rate of 6,000 tonnes per day.[1]
Environment
Coal mining in Cẩm Phả started over 100 years ago. Mining area discharges to the sea about 9 million m3 waste water and 8 million m3 domestic waste water. Another issue is deforestation, for example, from 1969 to 1974, about 42% of area of forest land was reduced.[16]
Climate
| Climate data for Cẩm Phả (Cửa ông) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.7 (83.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.6 (96.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
36.8 (98.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.1 (93.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.7 (89.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.7 (87.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.6 (40.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) |
32 (1.3) |
48 (1.9) |
98 (3.9) |
186 (7.3) |
307 (12.1) |
373 (14.7) |
536 (21.1) |
346 (13.6) |
171 (6.7) |
55 (2.2) |
18 (0.7) |
2,200 (86.6) |
| Average precipitation days | 7.4 | 11.5 | 14.1 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 13.2 | 9.2 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 138.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 81.3 | 85.8 | 88.1 | 86.9 | 83.2 | 83.9 | 83.6 | 85.3 | 82.1 | 78.7 | 76.8 | 77.1 | 82.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 49 | 50 | 49 | 107 | 140 | 161 | 190 | 160 | 186 | 189 | 154 | 122 | 1,557 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[17] | |||||||||||||
Sports
The V.League 1 football club Than Quảng Ninh is based in Cẩm Phả. The club uses both Cửa Ông and Cẩm Phả stadia for its matches.
References
- ^ a b "Cẩm Phả Port Information". www.yicang.com. Yicang Port Database. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ (in Vietnamese)Về việc thành lập thành phố Cẩm Phả thuộc tỉnh Quảng Ninh, Government Web Portal
- ^ T. H. Yellowdawn (2008). Fermented Foods: Naturally Enzymatic Therapy. p. 274: "Cẩm Phả is a town in Vietnam, where was the place of coal mine, the biggest coal industry in south of Asia has been exploited in almost a century, close to seashore of Ha Long Bay, where is the eighth wonderful scenery of thousand ..."
- ^ Cẩm Phả coal mine Archived 2013-11-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cẩm Phả town website Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine 2/25/2011
- ^ MEDIATECH. "Di tích trụ sở Công ty Pháp mỏ than Bắc Kỳ". baoquangninh.com.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Lịch sử - văn hoá - xã hội". CỔNG THÔNG TIN ĐIỆN TỬ TỈNH QUẢNG NINH (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ Lloyd C. Gardner; Ted Gittinger (2004). The search for peace in Vietnam, 1964-1968 (1st ed.). College Station: Texas A & M University Press. ISBN 978-1-60344-650-1. OCLC 774384452.
- ^ "Nghị Quyết hợp nhất tỉnh Hải Ninh và khu Hồng Quảng và sáp nhập xã Hữu Sản thuộc huyện Đình Lập, tỉnh Hải Ninh, huyện Sơn Động, tỉnh Hà Bắc". thuvienphapluat.vn. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Quyết định 63-HĐBT phân vạch địa giới xã, phường thị trấn tỉnh Quảng Ninh". thuvienphapluat.vn. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Nghị quyết 04/NQ-CP thành lập thành phố Cẩm Phả tỉnh Quảng Ninh". thuvienphapluat.vn. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Thành phố Cẩm Phả: Lễ kỷ niệm 10 năm ngày thành lập". campha.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Port information - Cẩm Phả". Sea rates.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ "Port of Cẩm Phả - port information". www.port.sol.com.cn. China ports directory. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ Guide to port entry - Port of Cẩm Phả - Ship Masters report. London: IHS Fairplay. 1 January 2017.
- ^ Yuguang Guo, Tad S. Golosinski (1996). Mining Science and Technology: Proceedings of the '96 International Symposium on Mining Science and Technology. p. 266. ISBN 9789054108252.
- ^ "Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction" (PDF). Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
| Bắc Giang province |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Bắc Kạn province | ||
| Cao Bằng province | ||
| Hà Giang province | ||
| Lạng Sơn province | ||
| Phú Thọ province | ||
| Quảng Ninh province |
| |
| Thái Nguyên province | ||
| Tuyên Quang province | ||
※ denotes provincial seat. | ||