Dysphoria
Dysphoria (from Greek: δύσφορος (dysphoros), from δυσ-, difficult, and φέρειν, to bear) is a state of feeling unwell or unhappy; a feeling of emotional and mental discomfort as a symptom of discontentment, restlessness, dissatisfaction, malaise, depression, anxiety or indifference.
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Information [edit]
Dysphoria (semantically opposite of euphoria) is a medically recognized mental and emotional condition in which a person experiences intense feelings of depression, discontent, and in some cases indifference to the world around them.[1]
Mood disorders can induce dysphoria, often with a heightened risk of suicide, especially in persons with bipolar disorder who are in a depressive phase.[1] As the term refers only to a condition of mood, dysphoria may be experienced in response to ordinary life events, such as great illness or grief and commonly a romantic loss/breakup. Dysphoria can also be chemically induced by some commonly used psychoactive drugs, such as typical and atypical antipsychotics.[2]
Related conditions [edit]
The following conditions may include dysphoria as a symptom:
- Major depressive disorder (unipolar) and dysthymia
- Bipolar disorder[1] and cyclothymia
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Stress
- Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
- Anxiety disorders such as Posttraumatic stress disorder
- Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder
- Gender dysphoria, sometimes diagnosed as "gender identity disorder" (the latter term and its identification with gender dysphoria is controversial)
- Personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder, dependent personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder
- Substance withdrawal
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Hypoglycemia
- Schizophrenia
- Sexual dysfunction
- Insomnia[3]
See also [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ^ a b c Abbess, John F. "Glossary of terms in the field of psychiatry and neurology". Retrieved 2006-11-18.
- ^ Neuroleptic (antipsychotic) dysphoria | biopsychiatry.com
- ^ Rosa RR, Bonnet MH (2000). "Reported chronic insomnia is independent of poor sleep as measured by electroencephalography". Psychosom Med 62 (4): 474–82. PMID 10949091.
- ^ Chapman CR, Gavrin J (June 1999). "Suffering: the contributions of persistent pain". Lancet 353 (9171): 2233–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01308-2. PMID 10393002.
References [edit]
- Abbess, John F. "Glossary of terms in the field of psychiatry and neurology". Retrieved 2006-11-18.
- "Dysphoria." Alleydog.com Psychology Glossary.
- Metcalf, Matthew; and Coop, Andrew (2005). "Kappa Opioid Antagonists: Past Successes and Future Prospects". The AAPS Journal (American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists) 7 (3): E704–E722. doi:10.1208/aapsj070371. ISSN 1522-1059. PMC 2751273. PMID 16353947. Retrieved 2006-11-19.
- Read, Kimberly (2006). "What is dysphoria?". Your Guide to Bipolar Disorder. About.com. Retrieved 2006-11-19.
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