Fasiq
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Fasiq (Template:Lang-ar fāsiq) is an Arabic term referring to someone who violates Islamic law. As a fasiq is considered unreliable, his testimony is not accepted in Islamic courts.[1] The terms fasiq and fisq are sometime rendered as "impious",[1] "venial sinner",[1] or "depraved".[2]
Constant committing of minor sins or the major sins that do not require greater punishment, which are described as wickedness Fisq in fiqh terminology, are punished by the judge's discretion, without a certain limit and measure.
In tazir punishments, there is no obligation to prove the crime by witnessing or similar mechanisms.[3]
Origin
Fasiq is derived from the term fisq (Template:Lang-ar), "breaking the agreement"[4] or "to leave or go out of."[2]
In its original Quranic usage, the term did not have the specific meaning of a violator of laws, and was more broadly associated with kufr (disbelief).[5] Some theologians have associated fasiq-related behaviour to ahl al-hawa (people of caprice).[6]
Theological debate
- The jurist Wasil ibn Ata (700–748 CE) submitted that a fasiq remained a member of Muslim society, so retained rights to life and property though he could not hold a religious position. This opinion set him at odds with Murji'ah jurists who considered a fasiq to be a munafiq (hypocrite), and the Kharijites who considered the fasiq a kafir.
- To the Kharijites "faith without works" was worthless, so one who professed Islam yet sinned was fasiq, and thus a kafir.[7]
Applications
Amongst the terms uses in geopolitics, in the period leading up to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Ayatollah Khomeini described the Shah of Iran as fasiq.[5]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Majid Khadduri (28 November 2001). The Islamic Conception of Justice. JHU Press. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-0-8018-6974-7. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ a b Amīn Ahsan Iṣlāhī (2007). Tafsir of Surah al-Fātihan and Surah al-Baqarah. The Other Press. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-983-9154-88-7. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ http://www.islambilimleri.com/Makaleler/274962294_4.%20s%c4%b1n%c4%b1r%c4%b1%20belirsiz%20cezalar.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Dr. Hasanuddin Ahmed (1 March 1987). An Easy Way to Understanding Qur'an 2 vols. IQRA International Educational Foundation. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-911119-34-3. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ a b Saskia Gieling (3 December 1999). Religion and War in Revolutionary Iran. I.B.Tauris. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-1-86064-407-8. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. "The Approved and Disapproved Varieties of" Ra'y"(Personal Opinion in Islam)." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 7.1 (1990): 39.
- ^ David Waines (6 November 2003). An Introduction to Islam. Cambridge University Press. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-521-53906-7. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
External links
- ف س ق at The Quranic Arabic Corpus
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