Flaccid paralysis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Flaccid paralysis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | G81.0, G82.0, G82.3 |
| ICD-9 | 359.9 |
Flaccid paralysis (pronounced /ˈflæksɪd pəˈræləsɪs/) a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).[1]
Contents |
[edit] Causes
[edit] Polio
The term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.
AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogenic agents including enteroviruses, echoviruses, and adenoviruses, among others.[2]
[edit] Botulism
The Clostridium botulinum bacteria are the cause of botulism. Vegetative cells of C. botulinum may be ingested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via endospores in a wound. When the bacteria is in vivo, they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because C. botulinum produces a toxin which blocks the release of acetylcholine. When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract.[3]
[edit] Other
Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a lower motor neuron lesion. This is in contrast to a upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis. Included in AFP's list are Poliomyelitis, Transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, enteroviral encephalopathy [4], traumatic neuritis, Reye's syndrome etc. An AFP Surveillance programme is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of 2 stool samples within 14 days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus. and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunisation in that area.
[edit] References
- ^ Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) Acute Flaccid Paralysis Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines.
- ^ Kelly H, Brussen KA, Lawrence A, Elliot E, Pearn J, Thorley B (2006). "Polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Australia, 1996-2004". Journal of paediatrics and child health 42 (6): 370–6. doi:. PMID 16737480.
- ^ Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information | CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
- ^ Anis-ur-Rehman, Idris M, Elahi M, Jamshed, Arif A (Jan-Mar 2007). "Guillain Barre syndrome: the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 19 (1): 26–8. PMID 17867475.
[edit] External links
- Approach to Acute Flaccid Paralysis (Diagnosis, Management etc.)
- WHO Programme for Immunization Preventable Diseases (IPD) A Collaboration between World Health Organization and Government of Nepal
- ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS information from the IPD
- National Polio Surveillance Project of India
- "Progress towards poliomyelitis eradication, Nepal, 1996-1999". Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 74 (42): 349–53. October 1999. PMID 10895300. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4841a2.htm.
- "Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with West Nile virus infection—Mississippi and Louisiana, July-August 2002". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 51 (37): 825–8. September 2002. PMID 12353741. http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/PREVIEW/MMWRHTML/mm5137a1.htm.
- Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, et al. (July 2003). "Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection". Emerging Infect. Dis. 9 (7): 788–93. PMID 12890318. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no7/03-0129.htm.
- Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A, et al. (2007). "Epidemiology and clinical findings associated with enteroviral acute flaccid paralysis in Pakistan". BMC Infect. Dis. 7: 6. doi:. PMID 17300736.
 |
Look up flaccid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
||||||||||||||
