Dyskinesia is a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements[1] and the presence of involuntary movements, similar to tics or chorea. Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to uncontrollable movement of, most commonly, the upper body but can also be seen in the lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognised.[2] Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders and is distinguished by the underlying cause.
cerebral type of palsy
[edit] Chronic/tardive
- Late onset dyskinesia, which is also known as tardive dyskinesia occurs after treatment with an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol) or amoxapine (Asendin). The symptoms include tremors and writhing movements of the body and limbs but is also seen in the face and mouth in the form of 'tongue rolling'. It may also involve involuntary lip smacking, repetitive pouting of the lips and tongue protrusions.[3]
- Dyskinesia observed in a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) is labeled as Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), and is more commonly a jerky, dance-like movement of the arms and/or head, which usually presents after several years of treatment with L-DOPA (Levodopa).
- Oral-Facial dyskinesia may be related to persistent replication of Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (Gonzales GR, 1992)
[edit] Non-motor
Two other types, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and biliary dyskinesia, are caused by specific kinds of ineffective movement of the body, and are not movement disorders.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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Brain/
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autoimmune ( Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Schilder's disease) · hereditary ( Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander, Canavan, Krabbe, ML, PMD, VWM, MFC, CAMFAK syndrome) · Central pontine myelinolysis · Marchiafava-Bignami disease · Alpers' disease
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Other
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Spinal cord/
myelopathy |
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