Gogugwon of Goguryeo
| Gogugwon of Goguryeo | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 고국원왕, 국원왕, 국강상왕 |
| Hanja | 故國原王, 國原王, 國岡上王 |
| Revised Romanization | Gogugwon-wang, Gugwon-wang, Gukgangsang-wang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kogugwŏn-wang, Kugwŏn-wang, Kukkangsang-wang |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 고사유 or 유 or 쇠 |
| Hanja | 高斯由 or 劉 or 釗 |
| Revised Romanization | Go Sayu or Yu or Soe |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ko Sayu or Yu or Soe |
| Monarchs of Korea Goguryeo |
|---|
|
King Gogugwon of Goguryeo (?-371, r. 331-371) was the 16th king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the son of King Micheon and Lady Ju. He's birth name is Sa-Yu. He was made crown prince in 314 and became king upon his father's death. He was called Emperor Soyeol (Soyeol-je, 소열제, 昭烈帝) in the Chinese history text Suishu, but this appears to be a mistaken transcription of the earlier Weishu.[1] Because, at the same time, Tuoba Yihuai was the Lie Emperor (烈帝)of Dai State.
Goguryeo faced devastation by the Murong Xianbei people who attacked Goguryeo. Hwando was destroyed again by them in 341, and the Xianbei used the Goguryeo people for slave labor. Puyŏ was also destroyed by the Xianbei in 346, the Korean peninsula also became subject to Xianbei migration.[2][3]
He ruled at a time when the kingdom was quite weak, and had an ill-fated reign. He sent tribute to the Xianbei state of Former Yan after they invaded the capital in 342 and held the queen and royal concubines captive, in order to secure the return the corpse of King Micheon.
The capital was temporarily moved to Pyongyang, present-day capital of North Korea. In response to the expansion of the southern Korean kingdom Baekje, Gogugwon led an unsuccessful attack in 369. Baekje's king Geunchogo invaded in 371 and Geunchogo's son Geungusu killed Gogugwon in battle at Pyongyang Castle. He was buried in Gogugwon.
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[edit] Notes
- ^ (Korean) SBS 대하사극 [연개소문]-김용만칼럼
- ^ Charles Roger Tennant (1996). A history of Korea (illustrated ed.). Kegan Paul International. p. 22. ISBN 071030532X. http://books.google.com/books?ei=5nRVTpPGEsSBgAeaxOxJ&ct=result&id=tKTtAAAAMAAJ&dq=After+the+fall+of+the+Jin+in+316%2C+the+proto-Mongol+Xianbei+occupied+the+North+of+China%2C+of+which+the+Murong+clan+took+the+Shandong+area%2C+moved+up+to+the+Liao%2C+and+in+341+sacked+and+burned+the+Kogury6+capital+at+Hwando&q=murong+clan+burned. Retrieved 2012 February ninth. "Soon after, the Wei fell to the Jin and Koguryŏ grew stronger, until in 313 they finally succeeded in occupying Lelang and bringing to an end the 400 years of China's presence in the peninsula, a period sufficient to ensure that for the next 1,500 it would remain firmly within the sphere of its culture. After the fall of the Jin in 316, the proto-Mongol Xianbei occupied the North of China, of which the Murong clan took the Shandong area, moved up to the Liao, and in 341 sacked and burned the Koguryŏ capital at Hwando. They took away some thousands of prisoners to provive cheap labour to build more walls of their own, and in 346 went on to wreak even greater destruction on Puyŏ, hastening what seems to have been a continuing migration of its people into the north-eastern area of the peninsula, but Koguryŏ, though temporarily weakened, would soon"
- ^ Charles Roger Tennant (1996). A history of Korea (illustrated ed.). Kegan Paul International. p. 22. ISBN 071030532X. http://books.google.com/books?ei=5nRVTpPGEsSBgAeaxOxJ&ct=result&id=tKTtAAAAMAAJ&dq=After+the+fall+of+the+Jin+in+316%2C+the+proto-Mongol+Xianbei+occupied+the+North+of+China%2C+of+which+the+Murong+clan+took+the+Shandong+area%2C+moved+up+to+the+Liao%2C+and+in+341+sacked+and+burned+the+Kogury6+capital+at+Hwando&q=341. Retrieved 2012 February ninth. "Soon after, the Wei fell to the Jin and Koguryŏ grew stronger, until in 313 they finally succeeded in occupying Lelang and bringing to an end the 400 years of China's presence in the peninsula, a period sufficient to ensure that for the next 1,500 it would remain firmly within the sphere of its culture. After the fall of the Jin in 316, the proto-Mongol Xianbei occupied the North of China, of which the Murong clan took the Shandong area, moved up to the Liao, and in 341 sacked and burned the Koguryŏ capital at Hwando. They took away some thousands of prisoners to provive cheap labour to build more walls of their own, and in 346 went on to wreak even greater destruction on Puyŏ, hastening what seems to have been a continuing migration of its people into the north-eastern area of the peninsula, but Koguryŏ, though temporarily weakened, would soon"
